What is Linguistics? | The Five Branches Explained — Transcript

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1. 0:00[Music]
2. 0:06why does the letter a in Pat and father
3. 0:10sound different oh sure Queen JTP a poor
4. 0:14classless
5. 0:15why does French sound more complicated
6. 0:18than English similar to how astronomy is
7. 0:22the science of space and how Anatomy is
8. 0:25the science of the body Gliss --tx is
9. 0:27the science of language this video will
10. 0:30cover the five main parts of linguistics
11. 0:32phonology morphology syntax semantics
12. 0:37and pragmatics phenology is the study of
13. 0:42sound production in all languages and
14. 0:44the patterns that occur among the sounds
15. 0:46the distinct units of sounds in any
16. 0:48language that distinguish one word from
17. 0:50another are called phonemes like PB D
18. 0:53and T phonology influences the meaning
19. 0:57of a word or phrase even with the
20. 0:58smallest phony change let's take a look
21. 1:01at these two sentences I have two
22. 1:03nickels I have to eat lunch notice how
23. 1:07the first use of half ends with a V
24. 1:09sound and the second ends with an F
25. 1:11sound we use both pronunciations
26. 1:13interchangeably depending on what we
27. 1:15want to communicate to describe phonemes
28. 1:18in writing wheeze a system called the
29. 1:20international phonetic alphabet which
30. 1:22consists of over a hundred symbols it's
31. 1:25important to note that phonology and
32. 1:27phonetics are not synonymous
33. 1:31phonetics studies the nature of speech
34. 1:33sounds including production by the vocal
35. 1:36tract and perception by the auditory
36. 1:38system
37. 1:38phonology studies how speech sounds form
38. 1:42systems and patterns morphology is the
39. 1:46study of words how they are formed and
40. 1:48how they interact with one another in
41. 1:50the language the smallest units of
42. 1:52language with meaning are called
43. 1:54morphemes there are two types of
44. 1:56morphemes free and bound free morphemes
45. 1:59are simple words that can stand alone
46. 2:01like the word friend bound morphemes
47. 2:04must be used with a free morpheme to
48. 2:06form a word and cannot stand alone
49. 2:08likely and friendly let's take a look at
50. 2:13the word love we can change its meaning
51. 2:15by adding morphemes love itself is a
52. 2:18noun
53. 2:19lovely loving and loved are adjectives
54. 2:23and lovingly is an adverb by adding on
55. 2:27workings we are changing the morphology
56. 2:29of the word syntax studies the set of
57. 2:34rules that concerns the structure and
58. 2:36formation of sentences there are eight
59. 2:39different parts of speech that a
60. 2:40sentence can include he may be familiar
61. 2:43with adjectives nouns verbs and adverbs
62. 2:46there are also determiners auxiliary
63. 2:49verbs prepositions and conjunctions a
64. 2:52determiner is awards or affix that
65. 2:55modifies and now to express reference
66. 2:56like that cat an auxiliary verb modifies
67. 3:00a verb to from tense or mute like she is
68. 3:03singing
69. 3:05preposition goes before a noun or
70. 3:07pronoun to express a relation to another
71. 3:09word or element in a sentence like the
72. 3:12bird near the window lastly a
73. 3:15conjunction is a word that connects
74. 3:16clauses and sentences like coffee and
75. 3:19sugar to represent the syntactic
76. 3:22structure of a sentence we can create
77. 3:24and interpret syntax trees these are
78. 3:27created using branches of noun verb and
79. 3:30prepositional phrases semantics is the
80. 3:35study of the meaning behind morphemes
81. 3:37words phrases and sentences think about
82. 3:41how the meaning of winter differs among
83. 3:42someone who lives in Colorado and
84. 3:45someone who lives in Florida the two
85. 3:48types of semantics are quantitative and
86. 3:50denoted if connotation expresses
87. 3:53imaginative and emotional meaning while
88. 3:56denotation expresses literal and
89. 3:59dictionary
90. 4:00let's take a closer look at the sentence
91. 4:03school is challenging the denotation of
92. 4:07the word challenging suggests that
93. 4:09school is testing one's abilities or
94. 4:11demanding the connotation suggests that
95. 4:15school is not only difficult but it also
96. 4:17unpleasant semantics focuses on how we
97. 4:20interpret and draw different meanings
98. 4:22from words pragmatics is the study of
99. 4:27words and their relationships with the
100. 4:29speaker's of these words depending on
101. 4:31the context
102. 4:32it looks beyond the literal meaning of
103. 4:34language diving into are both direct and
104. 4:37indirect meanings are created let's take
105. 4:40a look at this example can you pass the
106. 4:43salt
107. 4:44we know that the speaker isn't asking if
108. 4:47the listener is physically capable of
109. 4:49passing the salt with our knowledge of
110. 4:51pragmatics and the context of both
111. 4:53parties having dinner together we can
112. 4:56conclude that the speaker is requesting
113. 4:58the listener to pass the salt there are
114. 5:00differences between semantics and
115. 5:02pragmatics semantics has a more internal
116. 5:06focus on the meaning of expressions
117. 5:09pragmatics has some more external focus
118. 5:11on context and implied meaning all
119. 5:15languages across the globe seem very
120. 5:17different in the end they all exist
121. 5:19because of the same five branches of
122. 5:22linguistics
123. 5:22thanks to these branches we're able to
124. 5:25connect communicate and share our lives
125. 5:27with one another
126. 5:29[Music]