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Webinar - Essential equipment for a mushroom compost yard: 5 things you can’t go without — Transcript

by UMDIS Mushroom Agency · 8,375 words · 1,222 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:00K projects, mushroom farm, hydro
0:03projects from Poland, also producer of
0:07a lot of machinery and design for
0:09compost yards and mushroom farm. Trump
0:12world leader in supplying mushroom
0:16supplements. Macdonald substrates
0:19company that supply uh casing soil from
0:21Ireland. Grow times uh amazing glories
0:25and other equipment for mushroom farm.
0:28RIP style company that supply uh coins
0:31uh very useful for Martian farm and
0:34compost yard inma uh enema produce and
0:38supply uh predatory neatodes
0:41biological
0:43um
0:46special
0:48things to to fight flights on your farm.
0:50Mash comp Dutch company with range of
0:53equipment for mushroom farm. Amisel,
0:56world leading spawn supplier and Atma
0:59Control, a company from Poland that
1:01supply a lot of uh very effective
1:03solutions to build a mushroom farm,
1:07mushroom farms and compost. And I want
1:10to show you uh our nearest courses that
1:13we uh going to have uh quite soon. uh we
1:18did a small gap for summer but from uh
1:22September we will start with a lot of
1:25courses and first one will be uh vo
1:29course in Turkey. Uh this course will uh
1:34be in Turkish language for three days
1:38uh in Maran area. Uh we invite all
1:42Turkish growers to attend uh this course
1:44on a farm dur duran.
1:48Uh then in a little bit more than a week
1:53uh we will held part control as an an
1:57investment course
2:00in Poland. It's one day short course uh
2:03about how uh you can use your chemicals
2:07efficiently on your farm not spending a
2:09lot of money uh on chemicals and uh how
2:15to use effectively disinfection. Uh next
2:19course uh also in September will be uh
2:22actually two courses uh devoted by ex to
2:26exotic mushrooms. We will uh look for
2:30one day to exotic mushroom business as
2:32for a business. uh and this part will be
2:36very interesting uh for those who let's
2:38say growing uh already growing butter
2:41mushrooms or just thinking about
2:44starting exotic mushroom growing farm
2:47and sec uh uh second and third day will
2:51be about growing technology of exotic
2:53mushroom itself and we do this course
2:55together with Kik Chinese company that
2:58supply trait of exotic mushrooms to uh
3:02European market. Um also
3:06>> uh in October we have oyster uh mushroom
3:10growing course in Spain in wonderful
3:13location in uh southern Spain. So in
3:18October there will be amazing weather
3:21and we will spend three days with Edward
3:24Leandowski for oyster mushroom growing
3:28course. uh later in October we will have
3:31course with Voy Ketchn uh slide here we
3:35will have a course with V ketchnne in
3:38Poland
3:39uh for button mushroom growing course
3:41and we also plan to have button mushroom
3:44composting course in Poland late October
3:47with Vic h in November we have three
3:52days mushroom harvesting organization
3:54course with linaroska and this time we
3:57will do
3:59be quite different programs and the name
4:01of the course also will be a little bit
4:03different because this uh uh will target
4:07uh supervisors uh on the martian farms
4:10and we'll explain what is supervisor's
4:13role uh on a mushroom farm to Roska is
4:16our long-term partner and author of the
4:19book mushroom harvesting strategy
4:23then our today um
4:27uh speaker uh Omar Haki uh he will be
4:31leading course in India. Uh it will be
4:34five day long course five days uh both
4:38composting and growing. Uh you know in
4:41India most of growers produce compost by
4:45themsel. So we decided to combine
4:48composting and growing in one course. We
4:52will uh hold it near we will hold it
4:55near the farm. Uh so it will be a civil
4:58uh combination of uh class work and
5:01visiting uh farms. Uh and uh introducing
5:08to today uh uh speakers Omar Haki, our
5:12expert uh with a huge experience in
5:16different countries
5:18uh in composting and uh growing uh
5:22button mushrooms. uh and uh you you can
5:26visit a course that Omar will hold uh
5:29hold in India and uh uh also he is uh
5:33available for online support and uh
5:36support on harm. If you if you if you
5:39need support just let us know and we
5:41will contact you with and organize um uh
5:45this support and Maxi Maxanes Max is our
5:51most experienced expert with
5:55huge all all life worked in master
5:58business and Marcus is very good expert
6:01in composting and mushroom growing
6:04Maris knows uh everything I would say
6:08and today we are going to discuss
6:12uh okay yeah this was the last slide uh
6:15and uh uh for today we are going to uh
6:20talk about equipment on mushroom uh uh
6:23compost yard uh you know there are range
6:28of equipment and uh on different uh
6:32countries on in different areas people
6:35use quite different different setups. So
6:40equipment and we decided to speak about
6:43uh equipments that essential for
6:46mushroom um uh compost yard but we will
6:51not tell about uh we will not discuss
6:54equipment that obviously uh you need to
6:57do compost with. we will try to focus on
7:00uh those uh pieces of equipment that can
7:04be uh discussible if you need it or you
7:08don't need it. Uh so feel free to ask
7:11question after we finish uh our short
7:14presentation uh Omar and Maris and uh
7:17ask do I need this or I don't and I hope
7:21our expert will give you all the
7:23answers. Now I uh give a word to Omar
7:26and Maris. Uh thank you and I will show
7:29uh I I prepared some photos. So uh time
7:33to time I will uh show my screen if I
7:35find a proper photo to visualize what
7:40now is discussed. Thank you Omar. Please
7:44>> thank you very much Maxim. Thank you for
7:45the introduction. Um I welcome everybody
7:48to our presentation. As Maxim mentioned,
7:52this is a bit of an unusual one um
7:54because there's two of us and we're
7:56going to try and cover a lot of ground
7:58in the next few minutes. Uh so what what
8:02I'm going to try and do at the beginning
8:03is I'm going to try to list a very long
8:05list of the equipment uh let's say the
8:08not so obvious equipment as Maxim
8:10mentioned and then um I'll explain what
8:13what I'll try very quickly also to
8:15explain what each of those pieces of
8:16equipment does and then please feel free
8:19uh to note down any questions you have
8:21and we can you can ask them at the end
8:22of the presentation um after both myself
8:26and Maxim Mis finish. So, I'm going to
8:29try and go quick because it's a it's
8:31it's a pretty big list. Uh, let's start
8:33with phase zero. And phase zero or raw
8:36material preparation. So, equipment
8:39number one, straw and bail breakers
8:41dringers. This is a machine that removes
8:43the strings and breaks the the bales as
8:46they come in. It's not always uh, you
8:48know, used by everybody, but for the big
8:51factories, it's one of the most
8:52practical machines to have because it
8:54makes the operation so much faster. The
8:56next one is the bail dunking bins or
8:58dipping tanks. So you have a sort of a
9:01mechanical uh method of dipping your
9:04bales and this is usually a concrete or
9:06steel pool and the bales are submerged.
9:09Uh and of course it gives the the the
9:11option of getting all the water soaked
9:14into the um uh bales very quickly and
9:17very rapidly to get the composting
9:19process started or to do the dewaxing
9:21process, the beginning one. Um the next
9:24piece of equipment is the walking floor
9:27hoppers. Now uh just to be uh clear,
9:30this isn't a a mixing line. This is just
9:33a hopper. And the hopper is used to
9:35transfer transport material onto a
9:37conveyor. So the walking floor hoppers
9:39are basically made of of steel plates
9:42that w work against each other and they
9:44move the material slowly and they drop
9:46it onto a a conveyor. Why is it
9:48important? because it allows you to
9:51gradually feed material in in a in a
9:54very uniform way. So it it offers the
9:56option of uniformity normally for big
9:58factories.
10:00Next up is the poultry and gypson manure
10:03sorry poultry manure and gypsum mixers.
10:05So this is a case when you are using
10:07chicken manure as a slurry and it's it's
10:11the advantage is you get a very
10:13homogeneous mix and you apply it
10:15homogeneously. Um you not everybody uses
10:18it but it prevents chicken manure dust
10:20from blowing away. It mitigates odors.
10:22So it it has these advantages. Um it it
10:26doesn't mean that you cannot or should
10:28not use dry chicken manure. You can do
10:30that uh just as successfully. But this
10:33is an option that bigger uh let's say
10:35factories sometimes use. Um the next one
10:38is goody water pit recirculation
10:41lagoons. Now, goodie water is collected
10:44onto um mushroom compost yards in in
10:47lagoons. Um do you recirculate or do you
10:51ariate? That's the big question. The
10:53answer is yes if you can and you should
10:56especially if you are a small farm or a
10:58medium farm because goody water turns
11:01anorobic very very quickly. So it is a
11:04huge advantage to have it ariated. Now
11:06you might say some of the big farms or
11:08the big factories don't ariate. Well,
11:11the reason is in some of those cases
11:13they they quickly use or they quickly
11:16cycle their water so it doesn't have a
11:18chance to go anorobic. Um the next item
11:21on the list is the goodie water
11:23aerration system. And uh I I don't know
11:25maybe um maybe Maxim can find this one
11:28of those uh videos. It shows a very
11:30clear um example where you have the
11:34goodie water having bubbles blown into
11:36it and it ariates. It continuously
11:39ariates. That's that's a prime example
11:41right there. And it continuously ariates
11:43those tanks. Um there are more than one
11:46way to ariate the tanks. Uh the best way
11:48is to inject water bubbles in sorry air
11:51bubbles into the goodie goodie tank. But
11:53you can also just recirculate the water
11:56less effective. Um but I anything that
11:59you do to improve the oxygenation of
12:01your goodie water is definitely an
12:03advantage. um that because the good
12:06water will supply those aerobic
12:08microfllora into your compost and that's
12:10that's one advantage that you always
12:12want. You don't want u anorobic uh
12:14bacteria starting out in your compost.
12:17Now we're going to talk about uh
12:18heavyduty frontal loaders. So uh we're
12:22talking about big machines like
12:23Caterpillars and Volvos and JCPs and the
12:26they're they're usually equipped with
12:27large volume compost buckets. One thing
12:30to note and I I think Mis will probably
12:32agree with me. Um whenever we go to a
12:35compost yard, we always advise to
12:37overengineer the loader. Always use a
12:40bigger loader than your actual uh job.
12:43When you have a bigger loader than the
12:45job, you're less likely to have
12:47breakdowns. It's it's excellent advice.
12:50So uh always engineer the loader. It'll
12:52work at let's say 60 or 70% of its
12:55capacity, but it won't break down. If
12:57you have a loader that's matches the
12:58job, it's more prone to breaking down.
13:01So that's one of the things and we all
13:02know breakdowns are very costly in
13:04compost business. Um now the the next
13:07item on the list is the special fork. So
13:10what do you use on your loader? Do you
13:12use a normal fork or do you use a normal
13:14bucket? Um the question is it depends on
13:17the type of material you have. So you
13:18could use a fork if you're using normal
13:21wheat straw, but if you're using a fine
13:23material, then a fork doesn't really
13:25work. So if you're having to make
13:27compost with let's say very fine wheat
13:29straw or sugarcane bagas then a fork
13:32doesn't really work. So that that was uh
13:35that really depends on the situation
13:37you're in. Um next one up is the
13:41self-propelled compost turner. Now the
13:43self-propelled compost turner or the old
13:46uh classical type windro turners it's
13:49it's a big machine. It can have various
13:51sizes and those of you who are familiar
13:54with it, it it literally moves through a
13:56stack and creates a stack behind it and
14:00mixes adds water um and mixes all the
14:03materials together. Also breaks the
14:05straw in in many instances. So that's an
14:07old excellent type of technology that
14:10really does a fantastic job of mixing.
14:13Moving on to the phase one process
14:16itself. So the phase one bunkers or the
14:18forced aerration bunkers and we all know
14:21uh if you have an idea about bunkers
14:22bunkers are really just three walls with
14:24an aated floor at the bottom and air is
14:27forced through uh uh through the floor
14:31into your compost. Why are bunkers
14:33important? Bunkers revolutionized
14:36compost making because they allowed us
14:38to shorten the time. They allowed us to
14:40have a better aerobic compost and they
14:42allowed they reduced the emissions and
14:44they reduced the smell. Um, the next
14:47item on the list is the indoor sealed
14:50phase one bunker or I'm going to call it
14:53the tunnel. That is uh that is the same
14:55function as a bunker, but it's a
14:57completely enclosed um uh system. Well,
15:01if we have time at the end, we're going
15:02to talk about the comparison between
15:04this uh system and the open bunkers. But
15:07for now, I'm just going to uh list go
15:09through the list as quick as we can and
15:10then we can uh see if we have enough
15:12time to discuss the differences. Um,
15:14next item on the list is the bunker
15:16aiation floors. So, spigot floors.
15:19Spigot floors are concrete slabs.
15:21They're fitted with high-pressure PVC
15:23pipes. And then you have these spigots
15:25that come out of these pipes and into
15:27the openings near the floor. Uh, their
15:30job is to give high velocity, high
15:33pressure air evenly. So, so evenly is
15:36that that's that's exactly what I was
15:38referring to right there. You can see
15:39the PVC pipes. You can see the high
15:41pressure pipes. You can see the spigots
15:43actually sitting on top of them. And now
15:44the concrete will be poured to the level
15:46of the spigots openings. The idea behind
15:49an arrated floor is equal pressure. So
15:51an airrated floor is an equal high
15:54pressure system that pushes air into the
15:57uh compost as evenly as possible. Uh the
16:00next item on the list is the fan for the
16:02spigot floor. So these are high pressure
16:04fans normally delivering static pressure
16:07of 6,000 Pascal but with low volume
16:10output. So low volume, high pressure. Uh
16:13they are normally designed to give
16:15between 10 and 15 cubic meters of air
16:18per ton per hour. This is generally
16:21designed based on how much height you're
16:23going to fill in your bunker. So say
16:25you're going to fill a,000 kil kilograms
16:28of material, then you design your fan
16:31accordingly. If you're going to fill
16:321,500, you design your fan according to
16:35that uh to that number. Uh the next item
16:38on the list is a top filling system. So
16:41a top filling system can work in a
16:43bunker and it can work in a tunnel. Top
16:46filling systems allow you to equally and
16:48very uniformly fill your bunker or your
16:50tunnel. Generally these are used for big
16:52operations. Um the advantage there are
16:55two advantages. First of all uniformity
16:56and the second one is height. With this
16:59system you can go very high in your
17:01bunker or your tunnel. Go up to 6 mters
17:04uh if you want to or if you need to. uh
17:06generally bunker fillers don't have that
17:08ability and they'll probably end up
17:10filling maybe at four and a half meters
17:12uh in in some some instances of high
17:14quality machines. Um the next item is
17:17the automation for phase one bunkers and
17:20which and when we talk about automation
17:22we are talking about the computer system
17:24that controls the phase one uh bunker or
17:27the phase one tunnel.
17:29You'll have to excuse me but I'm I'm
17:30having to go rather quickly through the
17:32list. Um, I'm going to talk very quickly
17:35now about the phase 2 and phase three
17:38tunnels. And we all know these are
17:40enclosed rooms. These are enclosed
17:43airtight concrete normally concrete
17:45chambers. Sometimes they're made with
17:46panels. And they have a protective
17:48protective uh coating on the inside to
17:51withstand chemical exposure, steam, etc.
17:53Um, they're used to process your compost
17:56either as phase two or as phase three.
17:59Um the next item on the list is the air
18:01handling unit for those tunnels. So you
18:04have an air and you know nowadays you
18:06have an air handling unit to do the job
18:08in the phase 2 tunnel or the phase three
18:10tunnel where you have the ability to mix
18:12uh recirculated air with fresh air. In
18:14the old systems you you only had dampers
18:16and the fan would be separate. Normally
18:18nowadays it's it's just an air handling
18:21unit by itself. Uh the next item is the
18:25tunnel circulation fans. So these are
18:27high static radial fans uh capable of
18:30circulating massive volumes of air up to
18:32200 cubic meter per ton per hour and
18:34that's for phase 2 and phase three. Um
18:37uh another item to mention or worth
18:39mentioning is steam boilers for the
18:41tunnels. Normally you we avoid using
18:44steam for phase two. Um we do use steam
18:47in extreme cases but but we do certainly
18:50use steam when we need to clean the
18:52tunnel. So when we need to um eliminate
18:54pests and uh you know postcrop we will
18:57sterilize a tunnel at 70° especially for
19:00phase three. Um next item is chillers.
19:04So water cooling plants or chillers
19:06these are associated with tunnels
19:08sometimes because you need to especially
19:11in hot climate uh situations where you
19:14need to cool down the compost in
19:16preparation for spawning.
19:18Um, and the next item will be the tunnel
19:22filling cassettes or the swivel uh
19:24conveyors that fill your tunnels. Um,
19:27some of these can be really big to up to
19:29230 tons per hour. The advantage of
19:32course is uniform filling and filling in
19:34layers that don't allow the air to
19:36escape through channels. Uh, next item
19:39is heavyduty compost pulling tunnels.
19:43Now, when you have a pulling tunnel in
19:45your compost, normally this is
19:46associated with a grid floor. Uh tunnels
19:50made with spigot floors will normally
19:53not use t pulling nets. You can just
19:55unload them with a with a loader.
19:57However, most tunnels with spig with
19:59grid floors, they need a pulling net,
20:01and it's a cleaner and better and more
20:02efficient way of emptying your tunnel.
20:05Um with uh with that, we go to the next
20:07item, which is the tunnel pulling winch.
20:09And the tunnel pulling winch is is the
20:11machine or the high torque machine that
20:14pulls the the entire compost on a net
20:18and then drops it onto a conveyor where
20:20it will be uh filled for either phase
20:22two or phase three. Uh next item is the
20:25spawn applicator inoculation lines.
20:27These are just simple hoppers that allow
20:28you to add spawn. And there the same
20:32goes for the next item which is the
20:34nutritional supplementing unit which is
20:35resembles uh in many instances uh spawn
20:39application uh so spawn applicator
20:41hoppers. Um you have then uh other
20:44accessories such as tunnel cleaning
20:46machines and tunnel cleaning machines
20:48are highress units designed to scrub,
20:50wash and chemically disinfect pulling
20:52nets especially pulling nets. It's
20:54important to remove all the organic
20:56residue from these nets. Um, so now I'm
20:59going to talk about a few items that
21:00come after your tunnel. Um, you have the
21:03spawning hall over pressure over
21:05pressure filter units and you have the
21:07changing rooms, disinfection zones,
21:09respirators, spawn storage,
21:11refrigerators, uh, etc. Um, and then and
21:15then of course in some cases where you
21:18need to where you have strict
21:20environmental conditions, you have
21:21chemical scrubbing systems to remove
21:24ammonia and you have a BOF filter. Bio
21:26filters are just piles of straw wood,
21:30sorry, pods of wood chips where your
21:33final exhaust air from your indoor
21:35composting system uh blows through it
21:38and it just removes all of the odors um
21:41uh from that exhaust. Um and I'm quickly
21:45going to look at logistics now very very
21:48quickly. So in terms of logistics, you
21:51have another item called a compost block
21:54press where you where the compost is
21:55actually pressed into blocks. Uh there
21:58are some items such as evaporation.
22:03These are all associated with cooling
22:05the compost in preparation for uh
22:07transport. Finally, I'm going to talk
22:09about a few things that we use for
22:12quality control. Uh very quickly uh we
22:15have an item called the near infrared
22:17spectrometer or NIR. This is a very
22:20fancy uh piece of equipment that just
22:22analyzes your compost very quickly. It
22:24has it's excellent. It's quite expensive
22:27but it has the ability to uh rapidly uh
22:30assess dry matter chemical profiling of
22:33your compost and and your chicken
22:35manure. Uh another important item is the
22:38jogger tubes where you measure ammonia.
22:40If you don't have a jogger tube, you can
22:41simply use litmus paper. Measuring
22:43ammonia at the end of phase two is very
22:45important. Um, finally, we're going to
22:47talk uh I'm going to quickly mention h
22:50thermometers. You need thermometers for
22:52your compost yard. You cannot work
22:53without thermometers and these are
22:55usually robust stainless steel tipped
22:57and and you need it to measure uh your
23:01compost temperature as well as your air
23:02temperature. Um other items in your lab
23:06will include moisture meters, kilal
23:08nitrogen meters and pH meters. Um so as
23:12you can see the list is quite expensive.
23:15Um sometimes you have to know what to
23:17choose and what to leave behind. Some of
23:19these are really important for very big
23:22uh compost uh operations. Some of them
23:24for smaller compost yard operations. You
23:26don't need the entire list obviously. Um
23:29I apologize if I took a very long time
23:31to go through it. It's quite an
23:32extensive list. I'm going to turn it
23:35over to this at the moment
23:38and uh he'll take you through a few
23:40items that he believes uh are worth
23:43discussing.
23:45>> Uh thank you Omar for this comprehensive
23:48list of equipment and we decided to
23:51start with with this list to give you
23:55ideas about your
23:57questions. uh maybe something uh sound
24:00to you uh not needed uh unfamiliar or
24:04something. So uh please write it down
24:08remember and ask question after we
24:11finish this presentation. And now makis
24:13with will start with few things that uh
24:17we use on a compost yard. Um, and it can
24:22be doubtful if we definitely need them
24:25or we can uh skip them and buy something
24:28cheaper. Maris, please.
24:31>> Thank you, Maxim. Thank you, Omar. Uh,
24:34hello everybody.
24:36Yes, we can start with uh woody water.
24:40Woody water is the most needed in Mart.
24:45You cannot uh you cannot go on without
24:48this. We cannot uh finish quickly the
24:51uh the composting the st on the
24:53beginning and uh special with high
24:57pressure ireration system
25:00you
25:03exactly exactly to make this public.
25:05Yes. uh exactly this photo uh because uh
25:10otherwise you if you don't have iation
25:13you have anobic you don't need anobic uh
25:16we can create
25:19a lot of lot of troubles a lot of
25:22problems
25:24and uh of course we need all the water
25:27what drain around the combo yard
25:31from uh from every phase of phase one
25:34from from combos from piles from uh even
25:38from bankers from everywhere can go back
25:41to the goody water tank and uh let's say
25:46small farms can fast circulated or with
25:51high pressure air
25:53uh system but uh fast circulating is
25:56also good is the most needed from uh
25:59from all
26:01uh if you don't have it And
26:06you need more time, more time, more time
26:09to to start the fermentation and the
26:11compost.
26:13Anyway, it's uh it's one of one of the
26:17things that you need. Then the second
26:19one is the
26:21loader, the front loader.
26:25And uh usually cost a lot of money but
26:29the best is to to use loader with forks
26:33mix very well the compost
26:36uh if the quantity is too small. Yes,
26:39exactly these forks. Yeah. Uh depends
26:43from the the how how big is the farm and
26:46uh
26:47but it's more homogeneously
26:50of the compost at the end.
26:53Yeah. Uh the wheel loader is sometimes
26:57we say it's expensive but uh
27:01at the end is very cheap.
27:03Anyway, the next one is Iration.
27:09>> Can I ask you please about uh forks for
27:12loaders? So the alternative is to use
27:16cheaper and more standard buckets. Uh
27:20and I saw many compost yards that uh
27:25takes compost with just buckets uh
27:28standard buckets for frontal loaders.
27:31>> How different uh is usage of those uh
27:35buckets and forks? Do people need to buy
27:39expensive forks and does these forks
27:42need this upper uh top uh how to say?
27:46>> Yeah. Yeah.
27:48Yeah, by by by just a flat box you have
27:53uh you have some troubles with the
27:55compost is the combos come in some uh
27:58big patches together
28:00uh cannot uh cannot mix very well. Uh
28:05but uh at the end the forks you can make
28:08by local somewhere you can buy ready uh
28:13but you can make a very very small uh
28:15wheel loader with forks by local in
28:18every country even in a very very small
28:20farm.
28:22This is not any it's not it's nothing
28:25difficult.
28:28>> Yeah. And uh
28:29>> thank you.
28:32>> Yeah.
28:35>> Okay. Then uh we move to the
28:39IED floor or to the bunker iated floor
28:43that are the bunkers. We have high
28:46pressure air. High pressure air. And is
28:50this uh
28:52and is something that we need in small
28:54or big farm everywhere except we use a
28:58combo stander like the very old uh Yes,
29:02exactly. This is the bunkers. Uh easy
29:05easy to to build uh very easy and uh
29:10very carefully. I have seen very small
29:13bankers like only 20 tons compost
29:16inside. I have seen large bunkers with
29:20hundreds of tons inside. Uh, of course,
29:24we blow air and the air is uh
29:28it's coming very very hot from from the
29:31middle of the of the compost.
29:34Uh, and uh yeah, exactly.
29:40uh then we have uh high temperatures we
29:44try to reach with some techniques let's
29:47say uh more or less uh fun less air uh
29:55usually we have timers in the bankers
29:57and the timers say 5 minutes on 10
30:00minutes off that depends from the stage
30:03of uh of uh comboing on the beginning we
30:08start very very
30:10we we like to give oxygen in the compost
30:13and start the fermentation. Then slowly
30:16we reduce the on that means less air in
30:20less fresh air in and uh we keep more
30:24closed everything then we we have some
30:27temperatures like 75 80° uh oh yeah some
30:32farms a little bit more but I
30:34>> Marus tell me tell us please uh is there
30:37a standard hole sizes for spigots and
30:42distance between uh spigots uh or from
30:45what depends those uh sizes of the holes
30:49uh and what should be pressure or how to
30:53how to build let's say bunker if you not
30:56living
30:59>> the standards the many years ago was uh
31:03between the speed was 26 cm
31:07between each each hole. Yeah. And uh we
31:10usually uh we need uh pipes uh like uh
31:1620 20 cm uh big
31:21as long as possible is no problem. You
31:23can have bunker 50 m, you can have
31:25bunker 20 10 m. Uh the pipes must be
31:30very carefully connected together
31:32because you have very high temperatures
31:35and under the under the concrete the
31:38pipes are moving
31:40by temperatures of 75 80° the pipes are
31:43moving. That means uh you must be very
31:46carefully when you build the bunkers and
31:50putting the pipes on the on the ground.
31:53Uh
31:55otherwise uh the only thing you can
31:58really Yeah. the the air the air
32:01pressure you need high highspeed
32:04fans high speeded fans and uh okay the
32:09best is to regulate the the speed of the
32:12fan let's say with inverter or
32:15something. Uh
32:18because sometimes you need less
32:19sometimes more for winter time. The
32:22winter time you need a little bit less
32:24less speed in the compost.
32:27Summer time a little bit more. And uh
32:32that's uh yeah it's uh
32:37>> okay. Thank you very much. Thank you
32:38very much Marcus. Uh maybe we will ask
32:42uh some questions about this in the end.
32:45Uh and now uh Omar please you have
32:49>> also uh new parts of equipment uh to
32:52cover
32:54which can be doubtful if we need we need
32:57it or we don't.
32:59>> Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. So so I'll thank you
33:02misuse for that and thank you Maxim.
33:04Very quickly I have three items I'm
33:06going to mention. I'm going to show or
33:08try to demonstrate whether they're very
33:10essential or not. The first one is a
33:12discussion we have a lot is do I do I go
33:15for a sealed phase one tunnel for phase
33:19for the phase one process or do I go for
33:22an open bunker. So phase one tunnels
33:25just so that people understand some of
33:27the history behind them uh they are
33:30largely due to environmental regulations
33:33in Europe. uh Europe
33:37demanded that the compost making
33:39industry go indoors. Uh this was
33:42probably in the 80s or '90s and so the
33:44industry had to make the compost indoors
33:46and then control the emissions that come
33:48out of those bunkers and they used
33:50chemical scrubbers to remove ammonia and
33:52they used BOF filters to remove smell.
33:54So the process that was kept being
33:56carried out on platforms now turned
33:59indoors and they they started using them
34:01in tunnels. Now the alternative is a
34:03bunker which is similar to a tunnel but
34:05instead of a continuous fan and a closed
34:08let's say a closed room you have
34:10intermittent fan. What is the advantage
34:12of this or the other? Well to be quite
34:14fair the if you don't have environmental
34:17restrictions where you are making
34:18compost just use a bunker build a
34:21bunker. It is much more economic much
34:23cheaper and the compost quality that
34:25comes out of a bunker with well-made
34:27compost is equal to if not better than a
34:29phase one tunnel. there's not a issue
34:31making the best compost in the world
34:33using a bunker. So that's the first
34:35item. Other items um that might come up
34:38or that I'd like to mention and I can
34:40show you how some of these are essential
34:42or not essential. Ozonators. So
34:44ozonators, it's it's a system where you
34:47produce ozone and ozone is used for
34:49disinfecting surfaces. Again, it's
34:53there's a discussion going on whether
34:54this this is important or not. Uh to be
34:58fair um uh it's it's not really
35:02important because um you know if you can
35:06do your disinfection in different ways
35:08or in more economic ways items like
35:10ozone ethers are not important. Um
35:14the third and final item I'd like to
35:16talk about or mention is is something
35:18called carbon dioxide evaporation
35:21coolers or they use them for compost
35:23cooling. an expensive system for cooling
35:25compost that is being transported. So if
35:28you have spawned phase two or phase
35:30three and you're going long distances,
35:32say more than 12 to 15 hours and you
35:34need to move that compost, you use a
35:36system of cooling. But if you don't have
35:38that, you can precool your compost and
35:41make sure that during transport, you
35:43know, the temperatures don't go over uh
35:45the 25 uh degree mark and then and then
35:48you don't need that uh that very
35:51expensive system. So, so you can see now
35:53from our discussion, you've you've seen
35:55items that can be very uh costly and
36:00very complicated. You don't need all of
36:02these to make uh good compost. Some of
36:04them are important, some of them you
36:06don't need them. Um, quickly also, I'm
36:08just going to talk about uh analytical
36:10tools. The near infrared spectrometer,
36:13it's it's a very expensive device, but
36:15if you have a simple compost lab, you
36:18don't need it. Uh the the thing that I
36:20would never make compost without to be
36:23honest is the dragger tube. For me
36:25that's probably the most important
36:26thing. I I use it to check ammonia
36:29before spawning. And if I don't have a
36:32dragger tube, I can just use litmus
36:34paper with some distilled water and I
36:36can check if there's any residual
36:37ammonia in my compost on the day before
36:40compost uh before spawning. Simple as
36:42that. Um I hope that we have covered as
36:46much as possible in this discussion. I
36:48know time doesn't allow, but it's it's a
36:50very big list. And um I turn it back to
36:53you, Maxim. And uh hopefully if there's
36:56any questions from our uh guests.
36:59>> Yeah, sorry I I missed the last three
37:02minutes trying to reconnect
37:04to internet, but looks like I did. Uh
37:08okay. Uh so now we can you can switch on
37:12your microphones and ask questions. Uh
37:17in front I see you have question please.
37:20>> Uh hi hi mus.
37:23Hi Omar.
37:26>> Hi
37:28as I belong from Pakistan and in summers
37:31I am unable to down the compost
37:33temperature to 24° for spawning. Can you
37:37please explain the cooling system in
37:39details?
37:43>> Yeah.
37:45Uh yeah, the best uh cooling system is
37:49hydro panel. I think uh I suggest this
37:52sometime
37:54heatrop panel. You make a something like
37:56a room before your tunnels, your inlet
37:59for the tunnels and you cool down a
38:02little bit the air.
38:04It's it's easy to do, easy to to fix it
38:08and uh we can discuss later how to do
38:12this.
38:14>> Okay. Okay.
38:16>> But the main of course uh how you cool
38:19the compost is just evaporation cooling.
38:21So if you have dry weather it's you can
38:25cool down your compost. Yes. Uh quite
38:28good. But probably now it's very hot in
38:31Pakistan. Is it
38:36>> he's out?
38:38>> Okay. Yeah. But when it's plus 50
38:41probably evaporated cooling just
38:44evaporating water from the compost is
38:46not enough.
38:47>> Yeah. In in summers last last year I
38:50just did spawning at 29 at 30 and cool
38:54it down quickly in the rooms.
38:58Yeah, it's also possible of course to to
39:01use cooling cooling coils uh to and kind
39:05of chillers if you can afford it. Uh
39:08also possible.
39:10>> Okay. Okay. Thank you.
39:13>> Thank you. Any other questions? Please
39:17ask questions.
39:21Uh I I will ask in the meanwhile uh what
39:24do you think about uh ammonia tubes uh
39:28uh and how how should we measure? So is
39:33it important to know uh your ammonia
39:38level at different phase two or we can
39:42go without this
39:46>> Omar?
39:48>> Yeah. Yeah. So, so you're you're now
39:50there's two points where we normally
39:52like to measure ammonia at peak of
39:55pasteurization so we know what is the
39:57highest level of ammonia and then before
39:59spawning. Um I would say if if I had to
40:02choose from one of these two I would
40:05choose the one before spawning because
40:07that's more critical. uh I uh you know
40:10the peak ammonia levels at
40:11pasteurization they can be uh have a
40:14very wide range number but before
40:16spawning I need my ammonia to be below
40:1910 parts per million uh or 10 ppm and
40:22that's the best way to measure it is
40:23using a drugger tube now if I don't have
40:25a dger tube I can just use lmus paper as
40:28we all know ammonia is toxic to
40:30mushrooms and to agaracus so it has to
40:34be clear before spawning but so yeah I I
40:36would say just before spawning
40:38is the critical point.
40:41>> Thank you. We have also
40:44sorry.
40:47>> Yes. Yes. Please.
40:49>> Thank you very much. Thanking
40:53team. I have two questions in fact
40:59designed to hold 35 tons of compost. Can
41:02the air be distributed through a net of
41:05bibers? uh or or it has to be uh in
41:10underground.
41:12That's question one. Uh question two,
41:16what is the proportional between or
41:18ratio between the total area of the
41:20opening of the spy good and the area the
41:23total area of the opening of the
41:25centrifugal fan. Thank you very much.
41:29>> Omar, can you please repeat the
41:31question? So I if I understood it
41:33correctly his question is uh can you use
41:37a spigot floor system in a closed tunnel
41:40or do does it have to be a pleenum?
41:44Uh that's that was the the first
41:45question. Um so to answer that I would
41:48say both are possible. The majority of
41:51people the great vast majority of people
41:54for phase 2 they use a pleenum they
41:56don't use spigot. However, as Maxim were
41:58discussing not not long ago, there are
42:01farms that do successful uh compost
42:03making for phase 2 and phase three using
42:06split uh tunnel floors. That that does
42:08exist, the technology does exist and the
42:10big companies they build it as well. So
42:12that was the first question. The second
42:14question I think if I understood
42:16correctly is um he's looking for the
42:20relationship between the opening of the
42:23um uh phase one bunker fan and the the
42:27number of spiggots uh in the floor. Is
42:30there a ratio between these two? Um if I
42:34if I understood his question correctly,
42:37I do not believe there is a specific
42:39ratio. The fan normally has a free
42:42inlet, a large inlet, and it's usually
42:44attached uh with with the opening of the
42:47fan to the to the let's say the 20 cm
42:51network of pipes directly. You see a a
42:56phase one fan for the bunkers. It's it's
42:59a static pressure fan. It it works on
43:01pressure, not on um you know uh air
43:04movement, not on high air movement. So
43:06it builds pressure like a balloon in
43:08your network of of pipes underneath the
43:11the compost or in the bunker and that
43:14pressure allows the air to penetrate the
43:16compost. So usually keep a free opening
43:19for the bunker fan. Don't restrict it.
43:21Um uh generally these bunker fans have
43:24openings on their side and you can
43:26measure the air going into the fan using
43:29a simple device and then you can
43:31calculate the volume of air that is
43:33being you know the supplied into the
43:36bunker floor. Um I hope that that helps
43:39answer the question.
43:40>> Yes. Thank you Marcus. Uh can you add
43:43from your experience how uh good is
43:46compost produced on uh spigot floors uh
43:50phase one and uh fa phase two sorry
43:53phase two spigot floors in compared to
43:56phase two grid floors is there much
43:59difference and what is better let's say
44:05uh okay me
44:08there are there are some difference
44:09there are some difference of course the
44:11grid floor is much better for phase two
44:13compost but uh for small farms farms
44:16like like until 150 tons compost per
44:19week. Uh it's very expensive to build
44:23phase two tunnels with grid flow and
44:25pooling nets and uh
44:29empty winch and and and they are almost
44:33four five times more expensive than spot
44:36floors and spot floors working really
44:39very very good as more and more
44:42worldwide spot floors around around the
44:45world. Yeah,
44:47I don't
44:48>> recently
44:50Yeah, we recently discussed with one
44:53producer who uses bigot floor for face
44:56and he said that uh it's uh for him it
45:00works very well. Uh and the biggest
45:02difference he sees from um grip floors
45:07is more more more labor intensive uh
45:11work with floor more people more
45:14movements less automatization but the
45:17result
45:19>> yes
45:20>> for him was yes was a okay we have
45:22another questions in
45:25uh the chat uh there is a question about
45:29temperatures in a compost
45:31Uh I'm sorry I have to skip this
45:33question because it's um outside the
45:36topic of today's web but you always can
45:41uh message up and uh Roman our sales
45:44team will arrange a short meeting with
45:48uh some of our expert and you can get
45:51short answer to questions like this. Um
45:55velocity uh velocity uh uh is h velocity
45:59at speedot in bunkers and tunnel. Uh the
46:04question what velocity of air should be
46:07in spots of tunnels in bunkers. Yeah. So
46:12market can you comment it? I think it's
46:14not about so we don't measure velocity
46:17we measure pressure.
46:21>> Can you comment on it?
46:22>> Yes.
46:24quantity of the air. You cannot say
46:26velocity because uh in all the speakers
46:29are the same velocity of air everywhere.
46:33Every hole every hole have the same
46:36pressure of air pressure of air and uh
46:39we can we can uh walk between uh we
46:44start with 2 3,000 cubic per hour until
46:4910,000 cubic air per hour.
46:52in a big farms in a big bank in a big
46:55compost yard
46:58per hour per ton of compost or per
47:01square meter of comos. Yeah.
47:02>> Of comos. Yeah.
47:04>> Comoson of comos.
47:07>> And if I remember correctly, pressure in
47:10spots usually more than 2,000 pp. I
47:14recently saw one farm who uses much less
47:17pressure but uh when we um did it it was
47:22up to 7,000 p
47:25not pascals pressure. Uh do you know uh
47:29the pressure in pals? H yeah I never use
47:337 8,000 except the pasturization but uh
47:37in bankers is usually 2 to 4,000 pascal
47:422 to 4,000 pascal.
47:45Yeah
47:496 7,000 can reach sometimes in the
47:52tunnel during pasturization.
47:56>> Thank you. Next it's more comment
48:00somebody
48:03invite us on cordisep military smart
48:06love in India. Thank you. Uh and by the
48:11we will visit India in uh November and
48:15we will have course with Omar Delhi 5
48:18days long course.
48:21>> Nice to go to please.
48:23Is there time for one more question
48:26please?
48:27>> Yes. Yes. I will give you a word one
48:29moment. Um but let me read the last one
48:33we have here. Uh how much minimum time
48:37is required for the waxing? Uh uh man.
48:43So yes also the waxing sorry it's not on
48:46in scope of today's webinar. We will not
48:48go to the technology. Omar now preparing
48:52new composting foods. We already have
48:55one, not bad but will be even better. Uh
48:58I hope uh soon
49:02uh so and we will cover all this uh in
49:05this course and also uh come to our Omar
49:08course in India or Voytech course in
49:12Poland for composting and we will cover
49:15all uh those topics. Um okay uh okay we
49:19have another 10 minutes select please
49:21ask uh your question.
49:24>> Thank you very much. Okay my question is
49:27about test two uh for 35 tunnel for for
49:31for
49:3235
49:34tons tunnel. Is it possible to use a net
49:37of Bibles and inside concrete instead of
49:42an underground plan?
49:49Well, would you like me to answer that?
49:56>> Yeah. Yeah. I I'll I'll just answer.
49:58Yes. Yes. The answer is yes, it is
50:00possible to use spigots instead of
50:02pleenum. Yes, it is better to use
50:04pleenum, but pleenum as Mckis mentioned,
50:06it's a more expensive system uh and it
50:09requires additional machinery like a
50:11tunnel winch and a and a net. But you
50:14can make compost in a in a closed tunnel
50:17with spigots instead of penum. The
50:19answer is yes.
50:23>> Paris, you have a question.
50:28>> Uh okay, tell about
50:35I'm sorry. Let's give other people to
50:39ask the question. Harris, please.
50:42Good evening to all.
50:46Harris. Yes, we hear you.
50:49>> Yeah, I belongs to Pakistan but I'm
50:51working here in UAE. Uh we are working
50:54since 4 years on exotic mushrooms and
50:57button mushrooms but we import the
51:00compost all the way from Netherlands.
51:03Uh now we want to try uh making our own
51:06compost here in uh UAE but uh when we
51:10did the calculations so all the
51:12machiners everything it um cost almost
51:16about €2 million
51:18so uh it's very difficult to take the
51:21decision uh to invest for the start uh
51:24for the beginners like almost 2 million2
51:26million euros from the start. So what
51:30are the um main equipments which we can
51:33do from from the beginning and uh later
51:36on when we are successful here you know
51:38the very harsh climate of UAE.
51:42So if you are successful in this climate
51:44and then we can step next to the uh
51:48second stage which will be the like the
51:51commercial production of compost.
51:54>> The first will be the trial and the
51:56second will be the commercial
51:58production. So can you suggest us some
52:00material from the list which we can
52:02purchase and we start our file from
52:04this?
52:06>> I think Maris has a lot of experience in
52:09starting yards. Mike Maris can you start
52:12to comment on
52:13>> Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. I can start. Yeah.
52:16Uh
52:17how depends from the quantity of the
52:20combos you you like to do.
52:24>> Okay. How big is how big is the quantity
52:26of the compost you you like to to
52:27prepare to to to
52:30make?
52:31>> We have two growing rooms and we need uh
52:3420 tons uh for both like 10 tons each.
52:39>> 10 tons combos. Yeah. It's not so easy
52:42because the investment can be also for
52:45100 tons. But uh what is more necessary
52:49is first of all a a compost yard small
52:53or big.
52:54Doesn't matter a small one. Woody water
52:58tank like like where are you in
53:00Pakistan?
53:03>> You are in Pakistan.
53:05>> Um United Arab Emirates.
53:08>> Yeah.
53:09>> In
53:10>> Arab Emirates.
53:12>> Uhhuh. Yeah. A small a small uh goody
53:16water tank to circulate the water. a
53:19small uh forklift for a small loader
53:24with with forks or without forks doesn't
53:27matter that the quantity is very small
53:29and uh two small bankers and uh tunnel
53:35was pigs that cost not so much that cost
53:39not so much.
53:42No, this is is not very expensive to
53:44build something like this. And uh later
53:46on we can expand your your compost yard
53:49your fun and the same if you like you
53:52can use for uh you told me you have
53:54exotic what kind of exotic ms
54:02is out.
54:06Um, okay. Harris, you you know our
54:08contacts. Please uh answer uh please ask
54:12uh
54:18>> no we don't have voice.
54:24>> Sorry. Sorry. Uh let's uh u Haris you
54:28can uh contact us uh
54:31uh privately and uh we will answer and
54:35let's finish this webinar with two
54:37questions from chat. What experience do
54:39you have with measuring the oxygen
54:42content
54:45oxygen content? Uh okay it's a very good
54:48question uh straight uh uh for our topic
54:53uh measuring oxygen during phase one do
54:56we need it
55:00how important it is uh what it gives
55:05>> yeah yeah it's a very good question um
55:07so you you want to measure oxygen in
55:09phase one on a bunker uh or you want to
55:12measure it in a phase one tunnel in a
55:14phase one tunnel it's much easier here
55:16because the fan is continuously flowing.
55:19So you can take measurements uh you know
55:22from from the continuous flow and then
55:24you can get a very accurate number. So
55:26normally you don't want to drop below 8%
55:29um oxygen you know uh content in the in
55:34the air. You don't want to go below
55:35eight. Below eight you may create
55:37anorobic problems. So very easy to
55:39measure in a phase one tunnel closed
55:41tunnel. Not so easy to measure in a
55:43bunker. Some there I've seen attempts or
55:46I've seen systems where you have uh
55:48people trying to measure the oxygen in a
55:50in an open bunker where they'd use
55:52different types of things like they put
55:54a barrel on top of the compost and then
55:55they put the oxygen sensor. The the
55:57problem with measuring oxygen in a
55:59bunker is it's not accurate because the
56:02air isn't continuous. It's coming in
56:04puffs in flows. So So it won't give you
56:08a very good uh answer. You may get a
56:10very low oxygen measurement the minute
56:13the fan starts because the the you know
56:15the the compost has been sitting without
56:17a fan and it's on and off but then the
56:19oxygen content improves as the fan
56:21moves. So not very accurate for bunkers
56:23very accurate for phase one tunnels.
56:25What I would advise for bunkers open
56:27bunkers just work with uh volume of air
56:30and temperature. That's it. uh work with
56:33your temperature so that you get your
56:34temperature to the 80 degrees as fast as
56:37possible and then try to maintain it at
56:3980 degrees.
56:43>> Yeah,
56:50>> I I hope that uh that answers the
56:52question there. So
56:53>> yes, thank you. Thank you, Amomar. I
56:54hope uh this answer the question. And
56:57the last question was uh if you join us
57:00for training in India, yes, Omar will be
57:03will lead this course in India. Uh in
57:07November uh Omar will uh do both parts
57:12composting and growing. Uh course will
57:15be five days. So uh please uh join us uh
57:20for this course. Uh and uh in the
57:26Finishing this webinar, I again want to
57:29say thank you to our partners uh
57:32companies that supports our activities
57:34and of course uh to our experts today to
57:38Marcus and Omar and to all of you who
57:42join us for this webinar. Thank you very
57:43much. Uh uh keep in touch and uh join
57:47our following next webinars. Thank you
57:50very much.

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