Visual Aids & Adapting to Your Audience — Transcript
Full transcript
- 0:00Hello and welcome to our section on visual aids and adapting to your audience. Pretty interesting
- 0:06section here, and a shorter section. Professor Smith, happy to be with you. Hope you're having
- 0:11a good day today so far. So, let's dive right in to the section. Again, it's all about visual aids
- 0:17and adapting to your audience. That's a big deal for any public speaker since the audience, that's
- 0:23the whole reason you're giving a speech. They're your target. Without the audience, it's not really
- 0:27even a speech. So, good public speakers, they keep that in mind. They learn as much as they can about
- 0:34their audience. They really think and analyze the audience and they can use that information when
- 0:39putting their speech together with their audience in mind, tailor their speech to their audience.
- 0:44And that's a great thing in public speaking. That's what the great speakers do. So again,
- 0:49let's take a look, with the objective being to understand how to do that. How to adapt
- 0:54your speech to your audience, both verbally and visually. So adapting your speech's verbal and
- 1:01visual material with your specific audience in mind. Let's talk about adapting verbally. First
- 1:06off, with the relevance of your topic. You always want to establish the relevance of your topic. In
- 1:12other words, "Why should the audience care?" Why should they listen and hear you out? What's in it
- 1:18for them? How could they gain a benefit? What good might come if they hear you out and pay
- 1:23attention to your speech? Could they miss out in some way if they don't? But bottom line,
- 1:28why and how are your speech important? You want to make that clear to the audience. Establish
- 1:34timeliness. Timely topics are current, recent, trending topics. They're on society's radar. So,
- 1:42if you can establish timeliness within your topic or your topic's already timely -- it's a current
- 1:47event, it is trending, it's already being talked about...great. Great. What if you're talking about
- 1:52something as far as retirement and early savings, planning ahead, but you're talking to a class of
- 1:57younger college students? Well, there again, people might think, "Eh, they're not going to
- 2:02care because that could be decades away for them." But you could still establish timeliness as far as
- 2:07why SHOULD they care right now? And you could talk about the huge benefits, the extra money
- 2:13they'll save if they start saving now or earlier versus later, and what a big difference that
- 2:19could make. And that could be a huge difference. That's...I don't have a whole lot of regrets, but
- 2:23that's that's one regret that I DO have is that I should have thought more about savings when I was
- 2:29younger. I wish I had. I'd have been able to save a lot more and not have to work to catch up nearly
- 2:35as much. So again, you could hit that hard and even for a younger audience, even though it's down
- 2:40the road, you could still establish timeliness as far as "Here's how you benefit by doing it now
- 2:45and how much more you could benefit." Proximity. Establish proximity. Proximity is closeness. So
- 2:53the idea is if a topic is close, it hits close to home with the audience, close to where they live,
- 3:00where they work, it's a local or localized topic. If your topic is one of those, then that's a great
- 3:07benefit because the bottom line is audiences are more inclined to listen, care about, and pay
- 3:12attention to speeches if it hits close to home, to where they work, live, play, and so forth. So,
- 3:18if there's that angle that you can work in to your presentation, go for it. If you feel like there's
- 3:24not, or it's not obvious, well, COULD there be a local angle? How could something in California,
- 3:30Utah, or Korea affect people in Florida -- in Pinellas County? In Seminole, for example? So,
- 3:36if there's a way to tie that in and localize it -- make it more close to home or make it hit closer
- 3:42to home -- that's a great thing to do, a smart thing to do. Demonstrate the personal impact of
- 3:49your topic with regard to the audience. This goes back to establishing the relevance of your topic
- 3:54as far as why should the audience care, what's in it for them. But again, if there's a direct,
- 3:59personal impact that your topic could have on the audience, things like "It could help with their
- 4:05mental health, their well-being, their health in general." Physical health, getting more sleep,
- 4:11whatnot, money management, financial skills, things that people would use personally on
- 4:16a day-to-day basis. If your topic relates to that in some way or it could be personalized
- 4:21to the audience, hit that hard. Demonstrate the personal impact and how the topic might direct
- 4:28and impact your audience on a personal level. That's huge. You can't get much stronger than
- 4:34that. Information comprehension. It's always good to orient the audience. Give them an overview of
- 4:41the information. Preview the main points. We talked about that in our speech section.
- 4:46Tell the audience what you're going to tell them. Define important or complicated terms.
- 4:51Illustrate new or complicated terms with examples, analogies, explanations. You can simplify. But if
- 4:58you suspect the audience might find something unfamiliar or they might not know it at all,
- 5:04then it's crucial to explain that. You're going to have to let them know, fill them in. So, if I'm a
- 5:11defense attorney and my whole defense rests on the fact that, "Well, if that person were in the pond,
- 5:17if my client were in the pond where this murder supposedly took place, my client's clothing would
- 5:23be covered in diatoms. And they searched my client's clothing immediately after, not one
- 5:28diatom was found. He wasn't there. And since he wasn't there, he COULD NOT have done this crime.
- 5:34That's why we shouldn't be here today. He's not guilty." Okay, fine and good. What are DIATOMS?
- 5:39You would have to explain what diatoms are. Just a brief summary of that. "Microscopic algae critters
- 5:45that live in bodies of water by the millions and billions. So yeah, if you're in there, they're
- 5:49going to be on your clothes under a microscope." A quick explanation. That's crucial. And that's
- 5:55one example of that. Really important to do. Personalize information. Compare the unknown to
- 6:01the known, the unfamiliar to the familiar. So, if you can think of a way to compare something newer
- 6:08or maybe a bit more unfamiliar to the audience in a way that they could understand -- compare it to
- 6:13something more familiar that they would know -- then that's a great idea and a good way to go.
- 6:19Let's take an example here, and we'll talk about Japan and how crowded or overpopulated Japan is.
- 6:25And let's say we want to compare that to America. And you're thinking, "I want to really convey to
- 6:30the audience what it would be like to live in Japan versus here and how much more crowded it
- 6:35would seem and feel if they were to live there." So, let me go ahead and share this with you as an
- 6:42example of how you might go about doing this. Now, you could give out the numbers here in boldface,
- 6:47all these square miles, people, population density. Okay, that gets out the information.
- 6:54But what if we tried it differently and we compared Japan to America or, let's say,
- 6:59California. Now in this example, let's say I'm giving my speech in California. I live there and
- 7:05my audience is there as well. So in that example, I could say, "What's it like living in Japan? Take
- 7:12one half, one half this whole country, the entire US population, take half of that and put them all
- 7:19into our state of California." And that's what it's like living in Japan, comparatively. Now,
- 7:24anyone in California -- goodness! -- you're going to take one half the US population and
- 7:29stuff them all into our state? My...WOW. it's a... you picture that right in Florida, we could do the
- 7:38same thing, so Florida, of course, is even smaller than California, land-wise. so the percentages
- 7:44might be 60% of the whole US population and stuff them all into Florida -- goodness gracious! So
- 7:52again, it helps the audience visualize and really understand the information because now they can
- 7:58relate to it. They might not know about Japan, but they know their home state and they could
- 8:02picture America too. So, another way would be to say, "Japan overall, it is 12 times more crowded
- 8:09than America. TWELVE TIMES as crowded as the US. So, for each one of you in the class or let's say
- 8:15each one of you at home right now watching the video, if you got a four or five member family,
- 8:21imagine 48 or 60 -- that's the difference." So that's Japan compared to America overall. Anytime
- 8:28you can personalize the information, compare things to something familiar, that is a good
- 8:33way to go. Smart play to make. So, I'll go back to sharing. I got so excited there I stopped sharing.
- 8:39I got fired up there. It's good stuff. So we'll go back to it and we'll go back to the course outline
- 8:45and start to move along and almost start to finish up here soon. Common ground. That's the background
- 8:52knowledge, feelings, beliefs and opinions shared between the audience and the speaker.
- 8:56So if you can connect to your audience, establish a connection or common ground with them, that's a
- 9:04huge thing to do. Here are some ways to help you do that to actually connect with your audience.
- 9:10One simple way: using personal pronouns. Words like "we," "us," and "our" in particular. These
- 9:18could really help make that happen. As an example: "If somebody asked us our future career goals,
- 9:24we might not yet know. It takes time to figure it out. We want to put forth that time to make good,
- 9:29smart decisions. But I think we could all agree it's important for all of us to think about our
- 9:35future plans, especially when it comes to finances and savings and do the best to live out those
- 9:40best golden years of our lives." Notice all the personal pronouns -- "we," "us," "our" -- and that
- 9:46implies unity. It brings the audience together with the speaker and basically says "We're in
- 9:52the same boat. We're in the same boat here. We're all trying for the same things as far as a good
- 9:56future, a prosperous retirement. So we have the same concerns, have the same doubts. We can use
- 10:02the same strategies to make this happen." So it implies togetherness and unity between speaker
- 10:08and audience. Super simple technique -- little bitty pronouns -- but they can go a long way. Ask
- 10:14rhetorical questions. Again, a rhetorical question isn't designed so much for an answer -- it's
- 10:20designed to get the audience thinking about the question. Well, if they're thinking about
- 10:24the question. They all have that in common. You could use that then as a springboard for unity,
- 10:32for togetherness. And you could basically roll with that and say, "We might be thinking about
- 10:37this or all of you might be thinking about that." And again, just kind of use that connection as a
- 10:42start in a speech or presentation. Share common experiences. This was covered in our Speech
- 10:49Survival Guide. If you've had an experience you think's relatable, the chances are the audience
- 10:53has either been there or done that, then that's a great way to connect with them. That only works,
- 10:59though, if the experience you're talking about is truly relatable. If it's extraordinary,
- 11:05super unique, once-in-a-lifetime, it might grab attention and it might keep people's attention,
- 11:11but it wouldn't help you connect, per se, because nobody else has done that but you. Speaker
- 11:17credibility. Is the speaker truthful? And that's obviously a big deal because imagine giving a
- 11:24speech or presentation and the audience afterwards said, "Uh, yeah, we don't find you credible.
- 11:29We don't think you're telling the truth." Well, that's a big deal there. Could be a major problem.
- 11:35So, we want this to to really be strong. Enhancing our knowledge and expertise, which goes along with
- 11:42credibility. And we can do this by how prepared you seem to be as a speaker. So the idea here is
- 11:48super simple: If you want the audience to believe you know what you're talking about as a speaker,
- 11:53the best way to pull that off is to KNOW WHAT YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT. And you do that
- 11:58by preparing well, doing your research, practicing your speech, putting the speech together well. But
- 12:04you put forth the time and the effort and the thought to make sure you've got it down. You've
- 12:10prepared. You are organized. You know what you're doing and that's what'll come across. The audience
- 12:15will believe you know what you're doing because you DO -- because you took the steps to make that
- 12:19happen and come across as not just competent, but really, really on your game. How well you know and
- 12:27convey the material. So knowing it is one thing. Knowing it is content. It's the content of your
- 12:33speech. Practicing it, that seals the deal as far as delivery. Because if you know your content well
- 12:39but don't practice your speech enough to deliver it well, then the audience might get the sense
- 12:43that you DON'T know it so well. So you always got to do both, right? You prepare your content,
- 12:49you make sure it's good and strong, that you know it well. Then you practice delivering your speech
- 12:54so you can convey that content and that way the audience feels like, "Oh yeah, they know it AND
- 12:59they know how to talk about it." So now we've we got the best of both worlds. How you're directly
- 13:05involved with the topic. If you have some kind of personal connection or personal involvement with
- 13:10your topic, let that be known. That establishes credibility. If it's your business or a personal
- 13:17passion or let's say a family business or you've done some research on it, wrote an essay about it,
- 13:23even something small like that, that shows some kind of connection with your topic overall,
- 13:29that can help you establish credibility. It also shows that you care as far as if you're giving
- 13:35a persuasive speech dealing with, let's say, the environment and oil spills and things like that.
- 13:40You might have more credibility as a fishing captain because the audience might feel like,
- 13:46"Okay, well, it's personal to this individual because if the beaches in Florida get covered
- 13:51in crude oil, then tourism shuts down. Anybody in that field, like the speaker,
- 13:55is out of a job or career. Yeah, it's personal to them. So, okay, I don't feel like they're
- 14:01lying to me. It really does matter to them. It's a personal thing and they're being genuine." So,
- 14:05it's not just credibility overall and expertise, but it can help establish passion and sincerity
- 14:12as well that "Yeah, that this person is giving it to me straight. They're not,
- 14:16um, they're not blowing smoke in that sense. So, if I'm connected in some way with my topic,
- 14:22I would let that be known to the audience in my speech -- probably sooner than later. Second half,
- 14:28let's start to close it out. Trustworthiness as well as credibility. And again, being trustworthy,
- 14:34not much bigger than that. That's a huge deal. If the audience doesn't trust you... So it's based on
- 14:42morals and ethical traits, which basically says if you want the audience to find you
- 14:46trustworthy as a speaker, then don't give them reasons NOT to. Don't deceive. Don't manipulate.
- 14:53Don't over-exaggerate. And of course, do not LIE to your audience. If they catch you doing that
- 14:58as a speaker, that is tough to forget about. And you might get a reputation for years -- forever,
- 15:04perhaps, even -- as being someone deceitful, being a flat-out liar. We never want that. Along with
- 15:10that, your research. Is your research credible? Because we could argue a speech is only as -- if
- 15:17if there's research involved -- the speech is only as strong as the research that we,
- 15:21that was used to support it. So if the research itself is faulty, if it's biased,
- 15:27if it's misleading, if it's false -- just flat-out false -- then that makes the speech weakened.
- 15:35Definitely weakens the speech and can weaken the speaker as a result. And even if that wasn't your
- 15:40plan -- it was an accident -- the audience might feel like [uses brief sarcastic tone], "Uh-huh,
- 15:44yeah, sure...they knew what they were doing. They were trying to trick me." So, we don't want to
- 15:48take a chance going down that route. Check your research. Well, that's a reflection of you and
- 15:53your speech and your trustworthiness. So, if there's research involved, you got to do that.
- 15:59Enhance your personality and likability. Now, look at this. Look at this one. The extent to which the
- 16:05audience finds you warm, friendly, enthusiastic, and likable. And if you're thinking, "Goodness,
- 16:12I...all this stuff and I got to be liked on top of it? They got to LIKE me, too?" Well, it's not
- 16:17a popularity contest, but there are certain basic things we can do to encourage this. And
- 16:23as an example, how many of you have not taken what would have been good advice because the person who
- 16:29gave it to you, you didn't really like too much. You didn't care too much for him. "Yeah, whatever,
- 16:33you jerk." And you thought later, "Huh...that jerk was RIGHT." How many of you have taken BAD
- 16:39advice you really shouldn't have taken because you LIKE the person who gave it to you? Did something
- 16:45stupid or took really bad advice from a good friend or your best friend because they're your
- 16:50best friend and you really like them. It sounds kind of interesting to say, but liking someone,
- 16:56liking somebody inherently gives that person POWER over you -- because we are more likely to do,
- 17:03to listen, to pay attention and basically respond to folks we like versus those we are
- 17:09neutral toward or don't like. So these things can help in a public speaking situation, especially
- 17:15persuasive speeches. What we can do, it's based upon connecting with the audience. If you can
- 17:20establish a genuine connection with the audience, that goes a long way to encouraging likability.
- 17:26Because it's hard to like someone if you can't see them as being anywhere like you, if you don't find
- 17:32them relatable, if there's nothing in common, if they just seem out of touch, out there, whatnot.
- 17:40So again, connecting, I think, is a good stepping stone, maybe the first step in encouraging
- 17:46likability. But those connections, they shouldn't be forced. And they shouldn't be false. Of course,
- 17:52don't try to force or push a connection. Back in high school, I remember speakers would come to the
- 17:57auditorium sometime. They'd address the classes, you know, we get all together, there's hundreds
- 18:02of people, hundreds of students, and the speaker gets up and says, "How you cool cats doing today?
- 18:07You feeling RAD?" And it's -- and they were trying to fit in by using language at the time
- 18:12they thought we might have used. And you could see the people just rolling their eyes. "And here they
- 18:17go. Somebody just trying to trying to fit in with us and connect with us." And it just seems like a
- 18:22smokescreen and a bunch of BS. It seems fake. And people can't stand fake. So don't be that
- 18:28way. It's based upon grooming and dress. So, how you look, your dress overall, I think it's a good
- 18:35idea to at least dress as well as your audience. If not a bit, maybe slightly more so. Slightly
- 18:41more so. So for, let's say the college speeches as an example, in a college classroom I tell
- 18:47my students just dress like a college student because that's who you are and that's who your
- 18:51audience is. If you dress super nice with the tux or suit, dress, and all that fancy stuff,
- 18:56well you might feel confident. You'd look great. But if you're the only one who looks that way,
- 19:01then you might stand out and the audience might find that actually, you could argue,
- 19:05even somewhat awkward. So you could stand out in a negative way, in that sense. It'd be like on
- 19:10a factory floor. When you see presidents touring factories, a lot of times you'll notice that they,
- 19:15they're not in their suits and ties and they're dressed down more. So, they might have some boots
- 19:19on. They might have just a basic shirt and some blue jeans with the idea being, "Well, that's how
- 19:25you tend to dress at a factory." Now, even that can be seen as fake as far as they rented that or
- 19:31somebody just gave it to them. "That's all fake. Yeah. They they put on jeans for the first time in
- 19:35their life to try to fit in." So even that could risk the the potential of being seen as fakery.
- 19:40But you get the idea. Overall, okay, dress at least as well as your audience, if not slightly,
- 19:47just slightly, better. It's based upon smiling and using a pleasant tone and CPR. CPR can't be beat.
- 19:54So this goes back to the Trifecta again of public speaking as far as what you say, how you say it,
- 20:02and how you LOOK when you say it. So, how you say it gets into your tone of voice. Mind your tone,
- 20:07as the old saying goes. How many of you have been told before, "Don't you take that tone
- 20:12with me!" Or somebody said something like that. "I don't like your tone, all right? I don't like
- 20:16that way you're saying that." So, that's a big one. And then how you look as well. Again, the
- 20:21Trifecta. It's a big deal for a reason. That's why I keep mentioning it. And CPR. CPR can save lives,
- 20:29of course, but CPR can also save speeches. CPR is an acronym which stands for being Courteous,
- 20:36Professional, and Respectful. Do that at all times to your audience, especially with persuasive
- 20:43speeches, and especially with persuasive speeches where the topic's controversial. Again, courteous,
- 20:49professional, and respectful. And, pardon me, and what you say, how you say it, and how you look
- 20:58when you say it. It's -- sometimes I feel like I, I have so much pop or soda and stuff that's
- 21:03bad for me. When I actually drink water, it's like I'm allergic to it. I start coughing and my body
- 21:07is like "Something good and pure?! Goodness, gracious!" All right, let's close out before
- 21:14I fall over. Initial audience attitudes. Your audience's predispositions for or against your
- 21:21topic. So, this gets into the audience directly. You can use audience analysis -- and you SHOULD
- 21:27analyze the audience -- to try to figure out their attitudes, their beliefs, what they might think,
- 21:32how they might feel, and how they might react toward your topic. Making educated guesses, just
- 21:38thinking about the audience. If my audience, for example, a bunch of college students...all right,
- 21:43what might college students find interesting as a speech topic? What might be some concerns
- 21:48of college students? What do college students care about? And if you think, "Oh, we're going
- 21:52to just start making a bunch of stereotypes." Well, every stereotype is based on some aspect
- 21:58of truth. The idea is, is it truthful enough to use as a topic? When I think of college students,
- 22:05anything dealing with, let's say, debt, savings, sleep deprivation, mental health,
- 22:11emotional health...that's big. Housing, that's a huge one these days. So right there is five or
- 22:17six, just from thinking about "Okay, I got some college students as an audience." Adapt, then,
- 22:24their attitudes accordingly. What might college students be for or against in a persuasive speech,
- 22:30for example? So, getting back to censorship, video games, violent video games encourage violent
- 22:36behavior. I think most college students probably don't agree with that. So, as a persuasive,
- 22:42if you're arguing that they DO encourage violent behavior, your audience of college students would
- 22:47probably be mostly against you overall. So, adapt to the attitudes you expect from your audience
- 22:53accordingly. That's especially big, again, for informative and persuasive speeches -- especially
- 22:59persuasive -- and especially controversial ones. Let's close this thing out. Visual aids,
- 23:04the criteria for choosing them. Don't just look at visual aids as, "All right,
- 23:08Smith wants this. Let's get it done. I got to pick something here. Here we go. Here's a
- 23:12giraffe. Here's a tree." No. What's best explained visually? When's it best to use a visual aid? So,
- 23:20think about that clearly. When would be the best time to use that visual aid in my speech? And if
- 23:27you're putting your speech together and you start feeling like, "Oh, wait a minute. That'd be good
- 23:31to SHOW the audience." Okay, listen to that voice. Listen to your instinct. You start thinking, "Oh,
- 23:38wait a minute. I think I could probably show them this better than explaining it. In fact,
- 23:42the video or this picture that I have, it would explain it better than I could say it." Well,
- 23:47then, bingo. That's when you use the visual aid. So, when's the best time based on what
- 23:52you want out of your speech? When's the best time to use a visual aid in your speech to
- 23:58get that? What are the most important ideas for the audience to understand and remember,
- 24:03which goes along with when's the best time to use it? So, what do you most want from the audience?
- 24:08What's your aim or goal? And then, what's the best time in a speech to use your visual aids or aid to
- 24:15get that goal? How many visual aids? For my speech assignments, I always give you a set number. So,
- 24:21give me at least that many. You can have more than that, but don't have too many. And of course,
- 24:26don't have LESS than that. You want to have at least the minimum, without having so many it's
- 24:31overwhelming. How big is your audience? That could really influence the size of your visual
- 24:37aids. Showing something to three people could be a smaller visual aid than showing it to 35 people.
- 24:43In that case, it's going to have to be bigger. So again, how many people are we talking to here? Is
- 24:49the equipment available that you need? Well, what equipment would you need or what would you like,
- 24:53and is that equipment available? Professional speakers have a habit if they're going to a
- 24:58particular engagement, they either have a crew or at least one person that works with them
- 25:03on their visual aids or somebody at the venue works with them. But even then, lots of times,
- 25:08if they have the time to do so or have the chance, those speakers will actually go there ahead of
- 25:13time and basically scout the place out. And that way, they can see what equipment's available. They
- 25:18can see what they're working with. They can see the size of the room, the layout. They plan ahead
- 25:24like that. That's always a good thing. Now, for a classroom, you know the layout. You know the size
- 25:30of your audience. If you're giving a speech at home for my online or live online classes,
- 25:35then you know the size of your audience there because it's people you chose. It's your family.
- 25:41It's your friends. You would know that. And the layout, you know it too because, well,
- 25:46it's YOUR layout. You're there or it's where you work. So, a lot of times we kind of know this,
- 25:51but just thinking about it a bit more to seal the deal. Nothing wrong with that. Is the time
- 25:56and effort involved in making your visual aid an effective investment? That's sometimes overlooked.
- 26:02The bottom line is if it took you five hours to make a painting for your visual aid, that's
- 26:06great. It's probably beautiful, but five hours is a long time. Whereas, could you have gotten
- 26:12something you've already done, a painting you already have, and save that time? So, what's the
- 26:17best way to get your visual aids as far as saving time, saving work or effort, and of course, saving
- 26:24money? Is the visual aid going to cost you versus, maybe you already have one? So, that's the first
- 26:31thing I think about is, "Do I already have this visual aid in my pictures, on my social media?
- 26:37I took a picture recently myself that would work as a visual aid." If you already got it, you're
- 26:42done. And now you saved a ton of time and work and money because it's probably free at that point,
- 26:48and saving all those things is good. I like that idea. That is pretty much it for our section. I'll
- 26:53double check. Yeah, we are done and we are golden. As always, I appreciate your time. I will see you
- 26:59at our next VA assignment video. Looking forward to it. Have yourselves a good day. Take care.
- 27:06[Manually reviewed and captioned May 2026]
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