Veins of the Upper Limb (Subclavian, Axillary, Superficial and Deep Veins) | Anatomy — Transcript

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1. 0:03In the last video, we covered the tributaries of the superior vena cava and the brachiocephalic
2. 0:08veins.
3. 0:09Now let's go ahead and follow these veins as we covert eh veins of the upper limb.
4. 0:14So in this video, we're gonna gover the veins of the upper limb by first going through the
5. 0:19Subclavian Vein Then the Axillary Vein
6. 0:22And then covert he deep system of veins in the arm,
7. 0:25Followed by the superficial system of veins in the arm!
8. 0:28Awesome So, the easiest way to understand the veins
9. 0:31of the systemic circulation is to divide them into their own systems.
10. 0:35So the veins of the heart form their own system We have the Veins of the Inferior Vena Cava,
11. 0:40which is responsible for supplying the lower half of the body
12. 0:44Veins of the superior vena cava for the upper half of the body
13. 0:48And the portal system, which drains nutrients from the intestines
14. 0:51and waste products from the spleen and dumps them into the liver to be processed,
15. 0:55which then lead the blood into the inferior vena cava again.
16. 0:58So these are the 4 main systems of veins we have in our bodies.
17. 1:02Let's now talk briefly about the venous drainage of the upper limb, starting with the subclavian
18. 1:08vein!
19. 1:09First thing you need to remember is that the brachiocephalic vein is formed by a union
20. 1:13of The subclavian vein, and the internal jugular
21. 1:16vein.
22. 1:17Alright let's go ahead and zoom in and start covering the subclavian vein.
23. 1:22The subclavian vein lies on the groove for the subclavian vein, on the first rib, and
24. 1:29runs through the space.
25. 1:30The subclavian vein has only minor tributaries as most of the veins following branches of
26. 1:35the subclavian artery open into either the brachiocephalic vein or the internal jugular
27. 1:40vein.
28. 1:41So the one that drain into the subclavian vein is the Dorsal Scapular Vein, which drains
29. 1:47the area supplied by the dorsal scapular artery, like the levator scapulae, rhomboids, and
30. 1:53trapezius.
31. 1:55And it also received blood from the External Jugular Vein, which remember has tributaries
32. 2:00like the Anterior jugular vein, and the suprascapular
33. 2:03vein and the transverse cervical vein.
34. 2:06So that was the subclavian vein.
35. 2:09Now let's go ahead and cover the Axillary Vein.
36. 2:12The axillary vein starts at the border of the Teres Major Muscle, and ends at the subclavian
37. 2:18vein.
38. 2:19Like this.
39. 2:20Its tributaries correspond with the branches of the axillary artery; like the thoraco-epigastric
40. 2:26vein Lateral Thoracic Vein
41. 2:29Anterior circumflex humeral vein and the posterior circumflex humeral vein.
42. 2:33But it also has tributaries that are special for the axillary vein.
43. 2:37And that is the cephalic vein.
44. 2:39Let's now zoom out, and draw a layout of how the veins of the arms are arranged.
45. 2:45So again.
46. 2:46Subclavian vein have the External Jugular vein and the Dorsal Scapular Vein draining
47. 2:50into it.
48. 2:51Then there's the axillary vein, which has the anterior and the posterior circumflex
49. 2:56humeral veins, the lateral thoracic and the thoraco-epigastric veins, as well as the cephalic
50. 3:02vein.
51. 3:03Awesome.
52. 3:04The veins of the upper limb form two systems.
53. 3:08There's the Deep system of veins, And the superficial system of veins.
54. 3:12The main deep veins we're gonna cover are the brachial veins, Ulnar veins, Radial Veins
55. 3:19and the deep venous palmar arch.
56. 3:22While the superficial veins we're gonna cover are the basilic, cephalic, median cubital,
57. 3:28intercapitular, and the dorsal venous network of the hand.
58. 3:32Let's start with the deep system of veins first.
59. 3:35The veins of the deep system follow the course of the arteries; two veins accompany each
60. 3:41artery up to the armpit First are the two brachial veins that go from
61. 3:46the axillary vein to the cubital area.
62. 3:49It then continues as two radial veins.
63. 3:52Going towards the right side of the wrist.
64. 3:55Then there's the Ulnar veins, that drain into either the radial veins or the Ulnar Veins.
65. 4:00These veins form the collateral veins of the elbow, just like the arteries do.
66. 4:05And they do that through veins like the Inferior Ulnar Collateral and the Superior Ulnar Collateral
67. 4:11veins.
68. 4:12As well as veins like the Deep brachial Vein and the Radial recurrent vein.
69. 4:16So these 4 are considered a part of the collateral veins of the elbow.
70. 4:20Alright.
71. 4:21Then we have the deep venous palmar arch, which drains the fingers and metacarpals and
72. 4:28dump the blood into the deep veins.
73. 4:30So that was a quick walkthrough for the deep system of veins.
74. 4:34Now let's go ahead and cover the superficial veins of the upper limb.
75. 4:37The superficial system lies superficially to the fascia of the muscles and lacks corresponding
76. 4:43arteries.
77. 4:44So the first one that we're gonna talk about is the Basilic Vein.
78. 4:48Now the basilic vein goes like this.
79. 4:50IIt arises at the dorsal venous network of the hand and courses on the medial side of
80. 4:56the forearm, runs in the medial bicipital groove in the arm, and then joins the brachial
81. 5:02veins.
82. 5:03Then we have the Basilic Vein It arises at the dorsal venous network of the hand as well
83. 5:09– courses on the lateral side of the forearm runs in the lateral bicipital groove in the
84. 5:16arm and then join the axillary vein Then we have the median cubital vein, which
85. 5:22connects the cephalic vein with the basilic vein across the cubital fossa.
86. 5:26Sometimes, between the cephalic and the basilic vein, you'll find the median antebrachial
87. 5:32vein.
88. 5:33Then we have the superficial venous palmar arch, which lies below the palmar aponeurosis
89. 5:40and the arterial arch.
90. 5:41This one drains into the superficial and the deep veins.
91. 5:45Then we have the Dorsal venous network of the hand, which is a venous plexus on the
92. 5:51dorsum of the hand, and It gives rise to veins such as the cephalic vein and the basilic
93. 5:57vein.
94. 5:58As you see here.
95. 5:59Awesome Then lastly, we have the intercapitular veins,
96. 6:02which are veins that form connections draining venous blood from the palm to the dorsal venous
97. 6:09network of the hand.
98. 6:10So that was everything I had for the venous drainage of the upper limb.
99. 6:14And with that, my friends, we've finally covered all the veins of the superior vena cava.
100. 6:19The next couple of videos are gonna be about the inferior vena cava.