Veins of the Lower Limb Scheme (Division, Tributaries) | Anatomy — Transcript

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1. 0:00What's up.
2. 0:03Meditay Here.
3. 0:04Let's talk about the veins of the lower limb.
4. 0:07In order to structurize the veins of the lower limb, we generally divide them into 2 systems.
5. 0:13Simply, the superficial system and the deep system.
6. 0:16The deep system consists of veins that accompany arteries.
7. 0:20These are usually two veins, and they go together with the arteries.
8. 0:23The superficial system consists of veins in the subcutaneous tissue.
9. 0:28They're unique for the venous system, so they don't go with any arteries.
10. 0:32Simple, right?
11. 0:34Now let's expand on this and start with the Deep system of veins first.
12. 0:38To make this easier, I'll go ahead and divide the veins again into the veins of the thigh,
13. 0:43the veins of the leg, and the veins of the foot.
14. 0:46The first vein we're going to see in the thigh region is the femoral vein.
15. 0:51The femoral vein comes from the external Iliac Vein, at the region of the inguinal ligament
16. 0:57just as it passes the vascular space.
17. 0:59Then it descends medially to the femoral artery.
18. 1:04Then we got the Deep vein of the thigh, as you see here.
19. 1:07The deep vein of the thigh lies deep on the posterior side of the thigh, so it collects
20. 1:13blood from the Internal and posterior surface of the thigh, as you see here.
21. 1:18Once it collects all the blood, it empties them mainly into the femoral vein.
22. 1:24The next vein is a continuation of the femoral vein, called the popliteal vein.
23. 1:29Very similar to the arterial system.
24. 1:32So as you see here, it's located in the popliteal fossa and then goes up to the adductor canal
25. 1:39as the femoral vein.
26. 1:41Distally, it becomes the anterior and the posterior tibial veins, but these are veins
27. 1:47of the legs, so let's go ahead and look at that.
28. 1:49So the main veins here are the anterior and the posterior tibial veins, which both come
29. 1:55from the popliteal vein.
30. 1:57So the popliteal vein splits and becomes these two veins.
31. 2:02I tried to be creative here, but keep in mind that the posterior tibial veins lie on the
32. 2:08posterior part of the leg and the anterior tibial vein on the anterior side.
33. 2:13The third deep vein you'll find in this region is the paired fibular vein, which descends
34. 2:19behind the fibula.
35. 2:20As you see here, the deep fibular vein is a tributary of the posterior tibial vein.
36. 2:26So the Posterior Tibial Veins descend and turn to the sole of the foot behind the medial
37. 2:32malleolus Now keep in mind you can always go more detailed
38. 2:36than what I'm showing you, but I want you all to gain a general picture of the veins
39. 2:40of the lower limb to ease you all up on this topic.
40. 2:43So to review.: The posterior tibial vein lies posterior to
41. 2:49the medial malleolus in the ankle and ascends.
42. 2:53The Fibular vein lies posterior to the Lateral malleolus in the ankle.
43. 2:58It ascends to empty into the posterior tibial vein.
44. 3:02So these two are posterior.
45. 3:05The anterior tibial vein lies on the anterior side.
46. 3:09It originates and receives blood from the dorsal venous arch on the back of the foot
47. 3:16and then ascends to empties into the popliteal vein.
48. 3:19Alright, I hope this made a little sense.
49. 3:23Let's now go ahead and do the veins of the foot.
50. 3:26These veins are very similar to arteries, and we'll divide those into the dorsum of
51. 3:31the foot and the sole of the foot.
52. 3:34On the dorsum of the foot - And now I'm only covering the deep veins or the most profound
53. 3:39veins.
54. 3:40You'll find the dorsal veins of the foot.
55. 3:43These veins drain a network of superficial veins on the dorsal side of the foot and pump
56. 3:49the blood into the anterior tibial vein.
57. 3:52And remember, these deep veins always go together with their corresponding arteries.
58. 3:57So the dorsal veins of the foot go together with the dorsal artery of the foot, or the
59. 4:02dorsalis pedis artery.
60. 4:04Then, just like the arteries, we got the dorsal digital, draining the toes, and the dorsal
61. 4:11metatarsal veins, draining the metatarsals and structures around this region, and they
62. 4:15pump the blood into the dorsal veins of the foot
63. 4:18This will make a little more sense in a minute, I promise.
64. 4:21On the sole of the foot, the posterior tibial veins will split into the medial and the lateral
65. 4:27plantar veins, as you see here.
66. 4:30And they will form the deep plantar venous arch, as you see here.
67. 4:34And the deep venous plantar arch will receive blood from the deep plantar metatarsal and
68. 4:40the deep plantar digital veins.
69. 4:43It's kinda straightforward at this point, isn't it?
70. 4:46Let's now go ahead and cover the superficial veins of the lower limb.
71. 4:49And remember, they lie superficially, and they lack corresponding arteries.
72. 4:54So these are special for the venous system.
73. 4:56And the first one is the great saphenous vein, as you see here.
74. 5:01It passes on the medial side of the foot, in front of the medial malleolus, then continues
75. 5:06on the medial side of the calf.
76. 5:08On the thigh, it passes through the saphenous hiatus in the fascia lata and then empties
77. 5:14into the femoral vein.
78. 5:16Now, this is a thick vein, so it has tributaries.
79. 5:19And the first ones are the accessory saphenous veins, as you see here.
80. 5:24These veins drain the superficial parts of the thigh into the great saphenous vein.
81. 5:29Then we got a vein that drains the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity, the superficial
82. 5:35epigastric vein.
83. 5:36We got the Superficial Circumflex Iliac vein, which passes along the inguinal ligament and
84. 5:42drains the region around the anterior superior iliac spine
85. 5:47And then we got the external pudendal vein.
86. 5:50This one is external, so it mainly drains the external genitals, so superficial parts
87. 5:55of the testes and the penis for men, and the superficial parts of the labials and clitoris
88. 6:00for women.
89. 6:01Alright, so that was the great saphenous.
90. 6:04Now since we have a great saphenous, we gotta have a small saphenous vein as well, and this
91. 6:10one goes mainly behind the leg, as you see here.
92. 6:13Better represented here in purple.
93. 6:15It ascends along the posterior side of the lower leg.
94. 6:19It opens up into the popliteal vein, so it mainly drains this area.
95. 6:23It also has some accessory branches communicating with the greater saphenous vein.
96. 6:28Awesome.
97. 6:29Now next, we got the dorsal venous network of the foot.
98. 6:33This one is relatively straightforward.
99. 6:35It's just a network of superficial veins on the dorsum of the foot.
100. 6:41It drains the skin and the subcutaneous tissue of the dorsal side of the foot, and it forms
101. 6:47an arch called the Dorsal venous arch of the foot.
102. 6:51Now what's unique with this arch is that This arch form the great saphenous and the
103. 6:57small saphenous veins.
104. 6:59And it does that through the medial and the lateral marginal veins.
105. 7:03As you see here.
106. 7:04So the medial marginal vein starts off at the dorsal venous arch.
107. 7:08Then it passes along the medial margin of the foot, on the dorsal side, and then it
108. 7:13continues as the great saphenous vein.
109. 7:16The lateral marginal vein also starts off at the dorsal venous arch but then passes
110. 7:21along the lateral margin of the foot and continues as the small saphenous vein.
111. 7:26So that was all the essential veins you need to know regarding the venous drainage of the
112. 7:30lower limb.
113. 7:31Remember that the deep ones go together with arteries, and the superficial ones are special
114. 7:36for the venous system.
115. 7:37Now the following video will be about the portal venous system.
116. 7:41If you found this video helpful, I'd really appreciate it if you comment, like, and subscribe.
117. 7:45See you next time.