TTI AND SEPSIS — Transcript

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1. 0:00assalamu alaikum and good day students
2. 0:03i'll be continuing on the last part of
3. 0:06the lecture i will discuss about the
4. 0:08transcription transmitted infection
5. 0:11transfusion transmitted infection can be
6. 0:14due to many causes
7. 0:16they can be due to viruses bacteria
8. 0:19recapsia or protozoa for viruses we have
9. 0:23various viruses such as hepatitis virus
10. 0:26retrovirus such as hiv
11. 0:28herpes virus such as cnb cytomegalovirus
12. 0:32purple virus b19
13. 0:34for bacteria we have treponema pallidum
14. 0:37borrelia buchdorferi brucella ursinia
15. 0:40steph and also pseudomonas
16. 0:42we also have rickettsia and also
17. 0:44protozoa so there are many emerging
18. 0:47diseases that we're not sure whether it
19. 0:50can be transmitted through transfusion
20. 0:53or not that's why before we decide to
21. 0:55transfuse a patient all the
22. 0:57complications need to be considered
23. 1:02i will be discussing about the bacterial
24. 1:04contamination
25. 1:06which is actually the most common
26. 1:08microbiological complication of the
27. 1:10transfusion medicine
28. 1:12in some books they were also called as
29. 1:15translation-related sepsis or septic
30. 1:17transfusion reaction
31. 1:20this bacterial contamination has higher
32. 1:22incidence in
33. 1:23in platelet concentrate especially near
34. 1:26the expiry date because the platelet
35. 1:28concentrate is stored at the room
36. 1:30temperature which is a very good
37. 1:32temperature for the bacteria or for the
38. 1:34microbes to grow
39. 1:36where are the source of contamination
40. 1:39we have
41. 1:40three major causes of contamination
42. 1:44one is from the donor that's why before
43. 1:47we want to take the blood from the
44. 1:49donors we need to make sure that we
45. 1:51clean
46. 1:52the
47. 1:53skin of the donors very well
48. 1:56and also the second one comes from the
49. 1:58contamination of the bags of packs
50. 2:00during manufacturing
51. 2:03and the third one is contamination
52. 2:05during collection processing and storage
53. 2:08that's why in the black bank we
54. 2:10need to take care of the
55. 2:13sterility during collection processing
56. 2:16and also storage to make sure we will
57. 2:19reduce the risk of contamination of the
58. 2:21black product
59. 2:22what are the signs and symptoms of this
60. 2:24bacterial contamination
61. 2:27usually there will be a rapid onset of
62. 2:29fever usually very high fever more than
63. 2:322 degrees celsius
64. 2:34and the patient also will develop chills
65. 2:37and rigors at the same time
66. 2:39sometimes patients will complain of
67. 2:41abdominal cramping nausea and also
68. 2:44vomiting
69. 2:45in severe cases patients can have
70. 2:48hypotension and also shock
71. 2:51and in very severe one the patient
72. 2:54represented as disseminated
73. 2:57intravascular coagulation or dic
74. 3:00okay the investigation are actually
75. 3:02similar to what we need to do if the
76. 3:05patient is suspected of having acute
77. 3:07hemolytic transmission reaction
78. 3:09because the signs and symptoms are about
79. 3:11the same but on top of that we need to
80. 3:15add in few specific investigation to
81. 3:18exclude bacterial contamination such as
82. 3:21blood culture gram stain and also we
83. 3:24need to inform the blood center because
84. 3:27probably
85. 3:28that donor has repeatedly donated blood
86. 3:31so we need to hold whatever the blood or
87. 3:34the blood product coming from that
88. 3:35donors to be given to other patients