TOEFL Listening Practice (Lecture) — Transcript

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1. 0:01listen to part of a lecture in a
2. 0:04psychology
3. 0:05class as you all know psychological
4. 0:08trauma has lasting and very damaging
5. 0:11effects on a person people who have
6. 0:13survived abuse or neglect from a very
7. 0:15young age uh soldiers coming back from a
8. 0:17war and other kinds of people too are at
9. 0:20risk for for the disabling symptoms of
10. 0:23postraumatic stress disorder or PTSD for
11. 0:27years and years sometimes types of
12. 0:30therapy can provide some relief and some
13. 0:33symptom resolution these therapies can
14. 0:36be long-term or shortterm they can teach
15. 0:39people many useful skills they can focus
16. 0:42on past present and future and be very
17. 0:45helpful however IM movement
18. 0:47desensitization and reprocessing or EMDR
19. 0:51has the promise to do something unique
20. 0:53it can help on a somatic level which
21. 0:56means that it helps the body feel
22. 0:57different and not just the mind like
23. 1:00like other therapies EMDR allows the
24. 1:02body to feel safe again and to learn
25. 1:05that a new life is
26. 1:06possible it is a set of standardized
27. 1:09protocols that incorporates elements
28. 1:10from many different treatment approaches
29. 1:13and it has helped millions of peoples of
30. 1:14all ages find relief from many types of
31. 1:17psychological stress it involves
32. 1:19learning new ways to process traumatic
33. 1:21memories and a somewhat unconventional
34. 1:25approach in which patients follow a beam
35. 1:27of light back and forth with their eyes
36. 1:30as they work with their
37. 1:31therapists the big goal of edmr therapy
38. 1:34is to understand completely the
39. 1:36experiences that are causing problems
40. 1:38and to include new ones that are needed
41. 1:41for full health to process these
42. 1:43experiences does not mean just to
43. 1:45describe them and talk about them
44. 1:48instead it means setting up a state of
45. 1:50mind that will allow these experiences
46. 1:52to be understood in a healthy way in
47. 1:55other words the big strong emotional
48. 1:57reaction will become much smaller over
49. 1:59time the person will feel better and not
50. 2:02have as much difficulty doing day-to-day
51. 2:04activities the inappropriate emotions
52. 2:06beliefs and Body Sensations will be
53. 2:08removed negative emotions feelings and
54. 2:12behaviors are generally caused by
55. 2:14unresolved earlier experiences that are
56. 2:16pushing you in the wrong directions the
57. 2:18goal of EMDR therapy is to leave the
58. 2:21patient with the emotions understanding
59. 2:23and perspectives that will lead to
60. 2:25healthy and useful behaviors and
61. 2:27interactions no one knows exactly how
62. 2:30any form of psychotherapy works in the
63. 2:32brain however we do know that when a
64. 2:34person is very upset their brain cannot
65. 2:37process information normally and clearly
66. 2:40the traumatic experience can become
67. 2:42Frozen in time and continue to repeat
68. 2:45endlessly remembering a trauma may feel
69. 2:48as bad as experiencing it again and
70. 2:50again the images sounds smells and
71. 2:52feelings often do not change but remain
72. 2:55very present such memories have a
73. 2:57lasting negative effect that interfer
74. 3:00with the way a person sees the world and
75. 3:02the way they relate to other people EMDR
76. 3:05seems to have a direct effect on the way
77. 3:07that the brain processes information
78. 3:10normal information processing is resumed
79. 3:13so following a successful EMDR session a
80. 3:17person no longer experiences the images
81. 3:19sounds and feelings when the event is
82. 3:21brought to mind the patient will still
83. 3:24remember what happened but in a much
84. 3:26less upsetting way researchers think
85. 3:29that this has to do with the way the
86. 3:30person's eyes move when he is thinking
87. 3:33of a bad memory in EMDR the patient sits
88. 3:36in a chair and is taught to think about
89. 3:39a memory that is very painful then with
90. 3:42the guidance of the therapist the
91. 3:44patient thinks about this memory while
92. 3:46following a light moving from side to
93. 3:48side with his eyes this causes his eyes
94. 3:51to move from one side of his head to the
95. 3:53other the movement of the eyes
96. 3:55stimulates the brain in a way that helps
97. 3:58the person feel better although though
98. 4:00EMDR May produce results more quickly
99. 4:02than previous forms of therapy speed is
100. 4:05not the issue and it is important to
101. 4:07remember that every client has different
102. 4:10needs for instance one client may take
103. 4:13weeks to feel safe enough with a
104. 4:15therapist to be able to do the work that
105. 4:17is required by the treatment another
106. 4:19reason why EMDR may not be very fast in
107. 4:22the eyes of many psychologists why it
108. 4:25sometimes has that reputation is that
109. 4:28some patients have layers of long-term
110. 4:30trauma so that when one issue is
111. 4:32resolved another one comes up sometimes
112. 4:36the next issue may even be more
113. 4:38important also treatment is not complete
114. 4:41until EMDR therapy has focused on the
115. 4:44past memories that are contributing to
116. 4:46the problem the present situations that
117. 4:48are disturbing the patient and what
118. 4:51skills the client may need for the
119. 4:53future all three elements need to be
120. 4:56addressed past present and future
121. 5:00the good news is that this treatment
122. 5:02works and people really do get better A
123. 5:05lot better