Thinking and Thinking Skills — Transcript

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1. 0:09let's talk about
2. 0:11the types of thinking versus critical
3. 0:13thinking but first let's uh
4. 0:16talk about uh thinking in general uh
5. 0:19which can be easily defined as a series
6. 0:22of activities
7. 0:24uh
8. 0:25and these activities are mental
9. 0:27activities uh invisible activities uh
10. 0:31intangible activities
11. 0:33uh which are done by the brain
12. 0:37as a response to
13. 0:39a trigger and this trigger is received
14. 0:43by the
15. 0:44one or more of the five senses
16. 0:52so
17. 0:53we can view thinking or
18. 0:57see the process of thinking as
19. 1:00a mental
20. 1:01process by which we
21. 1:05process
22. 1:06the sensory input
23. 1:09to generate ideas
24. 1:10but viewing
25. 1:12or seeing
26. 1:15them process of thinking from a holistic
27. 1:18point of view
28. 1:20is not really helpful because it's not
29. 1:22well known
30. 1:24rather than this
31. 1:25we can focus on the thinking activities
32. 1:29because uh thinking activities or
33. 1:31thinking skills
34. 1:33are specific activities
35. 1:35that we can practice they can learn we
36. 1:38can uh
37. 1:40practice and we can purposefully use
38. 1:43uh
39. 1:44two
40. 1:45process ideas
41. 1:48and generally we process the sensory
42. 1:52input to generate ideas
43. 2:00actually edward dibuno
44. 2:02the maltese
45. 2:04philosopher
46. 2:05sees that
47. 2:07the process of thinking can be
48. 2:11improved because we can
49. 2:14improve our thinking skills by
50. 2:18training by learning training practicing
51. 2:22so that can improve the process of
52. 2:25thinking as a whole
53. 2:32and according to
54. 2:34bloom's taxonomy the thinking skulls can
55. 2:37be categorized into two
56. 2:40categories the first category
57. 2:42is the law order thinking skills which
58. 2:45are
59. 2:47to remember or to know
60. 2:49then
61. 2:51to understand
62. 2:53then to apply
63. 2:55so in the low order thinking skills
64. 2:58defined by
65. 3:00as defined by bloom's taxonomy
66. 3:03are three the first level is to
67. 3:07to remember or to know then to
68. 3:10understand then to apply
69. 3:14and the high order thinking skills which
70. 3:16is the second category
71. 3:18the high order thinking skills can be
72. 3:20defined as
73. 3:22to analyze to evaluate then to
74. 3:26create so we have
75. 3:28another set of three
76. 3:31uh thinking skills in the high order
77. 3:33thinking skills uh thinking skills
78. 3:35category which are again
79. 3:38to analyze
80. 3:39to evaluate and then to create okay
81. 3:44so for example if you are asking what's
82. 3:47your name
83. 3:49or what's your job
84. 3:51so
85. 3:52this triggers this question this kind
86. 3:54this
87. 3:55these kind uh these these kind of
88. 3:58questions can trigger your low order
89. 4:00thinking skills because you will depend
90. 4:02on what you know so you'll answer what
91. 4:05uh you will answer whether what do you
92. 4:07remember or what you know
93. 4:09so that triggers lower the thinking
94. 4:11skills but when you are asked the for
95. 4:14example what is uh can you describe
96. 4:17a scenario uh
97. 4:20of the world
98. 4:21without for example computers or without
99. 4:25uh
100. 4:26cars so
101. 4:28that will trigger or that will
102. 4:32initiate
103. 4:33the
104. 4:34process of high order the process of
105. 4:37thinking depending on the high order
106. 4:40thinking the skills
107. 4:41okay which are to analyze to evaluate
108. 4:43and to create so
109. 4:46uh according to the trigger so
110. 4:49where uh some set or the high order
111. 4:52thinking skills or the law or the
112. 4:53thinking skills
113. 4:54will be will be actively will be
114. 4:57actively
115. 4:59started
116. 5:05actually almost all philosophers think
117. 5:07that
118. 5:08in order
119. 5:10to reach the high order thinking skills
120. 5:13you have to fulfill the low order
121. 5:15thinking skills
122. 5:17and
123. 5:18actually that
124. 5:19makes sense
125. 5:21because how a person who doesn't know
126. 5:24anything about
127. 5:25computers
128. 5:27and their usage
129. 5:30will
130. 5:31give us a scenario about a word
131. 5:33without computers
132. 5:35so in order to analyze or evaluate
133. 5:38or to create which are the high order
134. 5:40thinking skills we have
135. 5:42to have a
136. 5:44very good idea
137. 5:46about
138. 5:47or we have to
139. 5:49to practice
140. 5:51the law order thinking skills
141. 5:53we have to fulfill the lord thinking the
142. 5:55skills like to know
143. 5:58to understand and to apply
144. 6:00that's
145. 6:02that's why
146. 6:04there isn't uh
147. 6:07a good proof
148. 6:09that a person can jump to high order
149. 6:12thinking skills without passing through
150. 6:15the law order thinking skills
151. 6:17it isn't uh
152. 6:20there is no evidence in other words
153. 6:22there is no evidence
154. 6:24uh or a good proof that a person
155. 6:27can
156. 6:29fulfill the high order thinking skills
157. 6:31without fulfilling the low order
158. 6:33thinking the skills
159. 6:34even maturity or normal development or
160. 6:38getting older
161. 6:43can help you help a person to do so
162. 6:47okay so in order to
163. 6:49reach the high order thinking skills
164. 6:51it's uh
165. 6:52very important to fulfill the low order
166. 6:56thinking skills
167. 7:02now let's talk about the types of
168. 7:05thinking
169. 7:06but before we talk about the different
170. 7:09types of thinking
171. 7:11uh let's see categorize thinking into
172. 7:14two categories according to
173. 7:17effectiveness
174. 7:19so we have
175. 7:20effective thinking
176. 7:22and we have ineffective thinking which
177. 7:25is the opposite
178. 7:26in
179. 7:28the process of effective thinking
180. 7:31or in the type of thinking which is
181. 7:34effective
182. 7:36we depend on
183. 7:37first
184. 7:39sound methodology or logically valid
185. 7:43approaches
186. 7:45and second we depend on the best
187. 7:48available information
188. 7:50and
189. 7:50when we talk about the best available
190. 7:53information
191. 7:55we mean
192. 7:56that we depend on information
193. 8:00which has high accuracy
194. 8:03and at the same time
195. 8:06this information should be highly
196. 8:08sufficient
197. 8:10in that way we can
198. 8:14we can practice
199. 8:15uh effective thinking
200. 8:18and you can imagine the opposite
201. 8:20in the process of ineffective thinking
202. 8:24so
203. 8:25now
204. 8:26according to effectiveness
205. 8:29we have two different types of thinking
206. 8:32again we have the effective thinking we
207. 8:35have ineffective thinking which is the
208. 8:37oldest
209. 8:39in effective thinking
210. 8:41we depend on sound methodology
211. 8:45which is uh
212. 8:47which is uh logically valid uh
213. 8:50approaches
214. 8:51and also we depend on the best available
215. 8:54information
216. 8:55and by this we mean
217. 8:58that we depend on information
218. 9:01which has a high level of accuracy
219. 9:04and also which is highly sufficient
220. 9:12now
221. 9:14let's talk about how
222. 9:17a lot of
223. 9:18researchers
224. 9:19try to describe thinking from different
225. 9:22angles
226. 9:24so many researchers uh
227. 9:27try to
228. 9:29figure out
229. 9:30the types of thinking okay so we have a
230. 9:34lot of
231. 9:36a lot of different types of thinking
232. 9:39as described by many
233. 9:41researchers for example we can go go
234. 9:44through them for example we have
235. 9:46analytical thinking
236. 9:47analytical thinking we have concrete
237. 9:50thinking
238. 9:52also we have creative thinking
239. 9:54we have uh
240. 9:56convergent thinking
241. 9:58we have
242. 10:00deductive thinking
243. 10:02we have a divergent thinking
244. 10:06effective thinking
245. 10:09inductive thinking
246. 10:11productive thinking
247. 10:14lateral thinking
248. 10:17ineffective thinking that we talked
249. 10:19about
250. 10:20we have emotional thinking
251. 10:23we have
252. 10:24cognitive thinking
253. 10:27mathematical thinking
254. 10:30practical thinking
255. 10:32okay
256. 10:33abstract thinking
257. 10:36reflective thinking
258. 10:38holistic thinking
259. 10:41vertical thinking
260. 10:44verbal thinking
261. 10:47uh scientific thinking
262. 10:50meta cognitive thinking
263. 10:53logical thinking
264. 10:55impulsive thinking
265. 10:58traditional thinking and finally we have
266. 11:01the most important type of them that we
267. 11:04we actually
268. 11:07we actually study is a critical thinking