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Theodore Roosevelt Biography — Transcript

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  1. 0:02at the turn of the century this man
  2. 0:04spoke of strength of courage and honor
  3. 0:07and the entire nation was caught up by
  4. 0:09his Spirit the principles for which we
  5. 0:13stand are the principles of fair pray
  6. 0:17and a square deal for every man and
  7. 0:21every woman in the United States I wish
  8. 0:25to see you boys join the party and act
  9. 0:30in that body in the same way I'd expect
  10. 0:35any one of you to act in a football game
  11. 0:39in other words don't Flinch don't F and
  12. 0:44hit the line hard he carried a big stick
  13. 0:48but he seldom spoke softly his name
  14. 0:51Theodore Roosevelt and this is his
  15. 0:54biography
  16. 1:21[Music]
  17. 1:25the
  18. 1:31I'm Mike Wallace this is biography our
  19. 1:34story Theodore
  20. 1:36Roosevelt Teddy Roosevelt was a dynamic
  21. 1:38leader he was the colonel who led the
  22. 1:41charge up San Juan Hill in the Spanish
  23. 1:43American war he was the president they
  24. 1:45called the trustbuster he was the
  25. 1:48Statesman who told his country to speak
  26. 1:50softly and carry a big
  27. 1:52stick the night he died a close friend
  28. 1:55remarked death had to catch him asleep
  29. 1:57or if Roosevelt had been awake there
  30. 1:59would have been a
  31. 2:00fight that's the kind of man he
  32. 2:04was Theodore Roosevelt the 26th
  33. 2:08president of the United States he was a
  34. 2:11man of Boundless Energy of deep
  35. 2:13conviction and his personal magnetism
  36. 2:16was such that a rival politician
  37. 2:18complained when he is in the
  38. 2:19neighborhood the public can no more turn
  39. 2:21away than a small boy can turn from a
  40. 2:23circus parade to the American people he
  41. 2:26was a symbol of strength and vitality
  42. 2:30yet Theodore Roosevelt began Life as a
  43. 2:32weak and sickly
  44. 2:39child New York City
  45. 2:421863 this handsome townhouse is
  46. 2:45virtually a present to 5-year-old Teddy
  47. 2:48roselt crippled by asthma he wistfully
  48. 2:51admires healthy children the free the
  49. 2:54active and most of all the
  50. 2:57strong young Teddy is thrilled by stor
  51. 3:00is of the Civil War raging in the South
  52. 3:02to be a soldier he thinks is to be a
  53. 3:05real
  54. 3:06man Teddy's mother a gentle cultivated
  55. 3:09woman Ador her delicate son but Theodore
  56. 3:12Roosevelt senior a prominent lawyer is
  57. 3:14determined that his son will not be
  58. 3:16coddled you must make your body he tells
  59. 3:19Teddy it is hard drudgery but I know you
  60. 3:22will do
  61. 3:23it by the time he enters Harvard
  62. 3:25University to study law he is a vigorous
  63. 3:28young man he is come to love sports and
  64. 3:31the rugged outdoor Life by Joe he writes
  65. 3:35I enjoy every moment I
  66. 3:37live and he especially enjoys the
  67. 3:40company of Alice Lee a beautiful Boston
  68. 3:43debutant a few months after Teddy's
  69. 3:45graduation from Harvard he and Alice are
  70. 3:49married and the young couple's future
  71. 3:51does seem assured they have social
  72. 3:53position and a trust fund brings Teddy a
  73. 3:56regular income but one year later he
  74. 3:59shocks his aristocratic friends and
  75. 4:01relatives by taking up an ungentlemanly
  76. 4:03career Teddy becomes a politician he is
  77. 4:06elected as a republican to the New York
  78. 4:08State
  79. 4:09Legislature and astonishes his
  80. 4:11colleagues by attacking the ruling
  81. 4:13political machine tamy Hall but then
  82. 4:17Teddy's mother dies of typhoid fever and
  83. 4:20only 4 hours later his wife dies in
  84. 4:23childb
  85. 4:24[Music]
  86. 4:26birth Teddy seeks Escape he buys a ranch
  87. 4:30in North Dakota and throws himself into
  88. 4:32the hard life of a
  89. 4:35cowand here he goes out of his way to
  90. 4:37court discomfort and danger and in time
  91. 4:40he realizes a Boyhood
  92. 4:43dream he becomes a hardened
  93. 4:48Adventurer he returns East and marries
  94. 4:51again in 1886 his bride is Edith Carol a
  95. 4:55friend since
  96. 4:57childhood resuming his career in
  97. 4:59politics he receives a Washington
  98. 5:00appointment as civil service
  99. 5:02commissioner in Washington
  100. 5:04DC his startling aggressiveness in this
  101. 5:07minor position makes him the talk of
  102. 5:10Washington after a few years Teddy moves
  103. 5:13to another job that calls for a
  104. 5:15crusader as police commissioner of New
  105. 5:18York City he enthusiastically fights
  106. 5:20corruption but he's impatient and he
  107. 5:22wants an even bigger
  108. 5:24challenge in 1897 he wins a post as
  109. 5:28assistant Secretary of the Navy in
  110. 5:29president McKinley's new
  111. 5:32Administration then February 15th 1898
  112. 5:36the battleship main blows up in Havana
  113. 5:39Harbor and a wave of indignation against
  114. 5:41Spain sweeps the nation McKinley
  115. 5:44declares
  116. 5:46war Teddy seizes the opportunity to
  117. 5:48become a soldier he organizes a
  118. 5:51volunteer regiment bringing together cow
  119. 5:54hands and gamblers from the west and
  120. 5:56Polo playing Harvard boys from the East
  121. 5:59they call themselves Roosevelt's Rough
  122. 6:03Riders they are amateur soldiers but
  123. 6:06their enthusiasm runs
  124. 6:09high and newly commissioned Lieutenant
  125. 6:12Colonel Theodore Roosevelt is the most
  126. 6:14enthusiastic of
  127. 6:17all Teddy slashes through red tape to
  128. 6:20get his men to Cuba he's afraid that the
  129. 6:22war will end before he can see
  130. 6:25action finally on July 1st 1898 Teddy
  131. 6:29get his chance at the head of his troops
  132. 6:31he leads a charge up San Juan Hill I
  133. 6:34waved my hat he recalls and up the hill
  134. 6:37we
  135. 6:52went Teddy and his Rough Riders emerge
  136. 6:54as the most colorful Heroes of the
  137. 6:57war his Fame and popular he catapult him
  138. 7:00into a race for governor of New York
  139. 7:03Teddy the Rough Rider is presented to
  140. 7:05the voters as the man who can clean up
  141. 7:07the Scandal ridden state
  142. 7:09housee after a hard campaign he is
  143. 7:14elected he is 42 but still almost
  144. 7:17boyishly
  145. 7:20vigorous Teddy loves his role as head of
  146. 7:22a bustling energetic family he's a
  147. 7:25wonderful father warm-hearted and full
  148. 7:27of fun he boasts I I have the happiest
  149. 7:30home life of any man I have ever
  150. 7:34known here he can momentarily forget the
  151. 7:36intrigues of fellow Republicans who are
  152. 7:39already looking for a way to ease him
  153. 7:41out of office for them he is too much of
  154. 7:44a
  155. 7:46rebel the party bosses make their move
  156. 7:49at the Republican convention in
  157. 7:511900 they nominate Teddy for an
  158. 7:53impressive but traditionally powerless
  159. 7:57position against his will t runs for
  160. 8:00vice president on the McKinley
  161. 8:04ticket the Republicans easily win the
  162. 8:06election and Teddy is put away on the
  163. 8:08back shelf of the vice
  164. 8:12presidency but one of Teddy's most
  165. 8:14bitter opponents political boss Mark
  166. 8:16Hannah is worried now he complains there
  167. 8:19is only one light between this madman
  168. 8:22and the White
  169. 8:24House
  170. 8:2619001 on September 6 president McKinley
  171. 8:29attends the Pan-American Exposition in
  172. 8:33Buffalo an assassin
  173. 8:38strike a week later President William
  174. 8:41McKinley is
  175. 8:43dead Theodore Rosevelt the man who was
  176. 8:46made vice president to thwart his
  177. 8:48political career now takes over the
  178. 8:51nation's highest
  179. 8:54office at first Teddy is dazed by his
  180. 8:57new position he pledges to go slow and
  181. 9:00continue McKinley's conservative
  182. 9:02policies some newspapers hail Teddy's
  183. 9:05apparent change of heart he is an
  184. 9:07entirely different man today one reports
  185. 9:10hopefully then in May of
  186. 9:1319002 147,000 miners strike in eastern
  187. 9:17Pennsylvania the mine operators refuse
  188. 9:19even to negotiate with the workers they
  189. 9:21are out to break the union the strike
  190. 9:24drags on for 6
  191. 9:26months with winter coming on school and
  192. 9:29hospitals are without heat the cold
  193. 9:31shortage creates a National
  194. 9:34Emergency Teddy forgets his promise of
  195. 9:37moderation he shocks the conservatives
  196. 9:39by threatening to send the Army in to
  197. 9:41operate the mine and the strike is
  198. 9:45settled it is the first time a president
  199. 9:48has personally interfered to break a
  200. 9:50deadlock between capital and
  201. 9:54labor
  202. 9:5519004 an election year and a time of
  203. 9:58Crisis for Teddy
  204. 10:00Rosevelt to be reelected Teddy must go
  205. 10:02directly to the
  206. 10:04people Teddy makes sure that his message
  207. 10:06reaches every interested voter he tours
  208. 10:09the country making an exhausting
  209. 10:11schedule of
  210. 10:13speeches The Prestige of the United
  211. 10:15State is a major issue Americans are
  212. 10:18proud of their growing strength but
  213. 10:19Teddy warns them that the nation is
  214. 10:21still considered a minor world power we
  215. 10:24are a great people he says and we must
  216. 10:27play a great part in the world
  217. 10:29all we can decide is whether we shall
  218. 10:31play it well or
  219. 10:33ill but on the eve of election Teddy
  220. 10:36feels that he has failed to win popular
  221. 10:38support he fears that the public may not
  222. 10:41be ready for his bold
  223. 10:43policies the huge crowds which have
  224. 10:46turned out to hear his fighting speeches
  225. 10:48seem more Curious than inspired and
  226. 10:51Teddy Roosevelt is convinced that the
  227. 10:53American people will consign him to
  228. 10:55political Oblivion
  229. 11:02[Music]
  230. 11:05Washington DC
  231. 11:0619005 a large and enthusiastic crowd
  232. 11:10gathers to cheer Teddy Rosevelt he has
  233. 11:12been returned to office by a landslide
  234. 11:15vote I had no conception that such a
  235. 11:17thing was possible he says at last I am
  236. 11:20no longer a political
  237. 11:22accident full of assurance Rosevelt
  238. 11:25throws the nation into the arena of
  239. 11:26international
  240. 11:28politics kedy boldly offers himself as a
  241. 11:31mediator in the Russo Japanese
  242. 11:34war responding to his invitation
  243. 11:36diplomats from both countries meet at
  244. 11:38Portsmouth New Hampshire in August of
  245. 11:41195 and at this conference arranged by
  246. 11:44Roosevelt they quickly reach agreement
  247. 11:47his new Administration has its first
  248. 11:49resounding Triumph on the international
  249. 11:53scene now Teddy decides on a bold move
  250. 11:56to demonstrate the United States
  251. 11:58military
  252. 12:01capability he orders 16 American
  253. 12:04warships to cirle the globe on what he
  254. 12:06calls a Goodwill
  255. 12:08Cruise the Great White Fleet visits
  256. 12:11various major foreign
  257. 12:13ports and leaves a lasting impression of
  258. 12:15America's power to dominate the high
  259. 12:19seas but the United States has only one
  260. 12:22Fleet and two great coastlines to defend
  261. 12:26to ensure the safety of his country
  262. 12:28Teddy is determined to realize a dream
  263. 12:30which has fascinated Engineers the
  264. 12:34centuries to link the Atlantic and
  265. 12:36Pacific Oceans by a canal across the
  266. 12:38narrow ismiss of
  267. 12:41Panama in the 1880s a French company had
  268. 12:44attempted the project but disease and
  269. 12:46Engineering difficulties brought
  270. 12:48bankruptcy and total
  271. 12:51failure the United States government is
  272. 12:54now ready to try where the French had
  273. 12:57failed but the Latin American nation of
  274. 12:59Colombia which controls Panama will not
  275. 13:01agree to sell the needed land at a price
  276. 13:04Teddy Roosevelt considers
  277. 13:08reasonable suddenly a revolution erupts
  278. 13:11in Panama
  279. 13:16City as the fighting rages American
  280. 13:19warships appear off the coast of Panama
  281. 13:21and they leave only after the Colombian
  282. 13:24government has been
  283. 13:26overthrown within 10 days Teddy has
  284. 13:29purchased from the new Colombian
  285. 13:30government a 6mile wide strip of land
  286. 13:33Bridging the isness of Panama Teddy
  287. 13:37admits that he has used unusual tactics
  288. 13:39to get the canal
  289. 13:41underway if i' followed conventional
  290. 13:43methods he explains Congress would still
  291. 13:45be debating now while the debate Goes On
  292. 13:49the Canal does
  293. 13:51also the greatest obstacle is disease a
  294. 13:55giant sanitation project is necessary
  295. 13:57before Construction can
  296. 14:00continue the Panama Canal is the biggest
  297. 14:03costliest and most difficult Public
  298. 14:05Works project the country has ever
  299. 14:17attempt but finally success the Mariners
  300. 14:22map of the world is drastically alter
  301. 14:25New York has brought 8,000 sea miles
  302. 14:28closer to San
  303. 14:30Francisco the Panama Canal is held as a
  304. 14:33monument to American Technical genius
  305. 14:37and to the determination of Teddy
  306. 14:44Rosell in Washington Teddy continues to
  307. 14:47carry on his unrelenting battle against
  308. 14:49the
  309. 14:52trusts monopolies in railroads steel
  310. 14:55sugar and other basic Industries have
  311. 14:57gained colossal economic power power and
  312. 15:00they are all but free of
  313. 15:02Regulation instead they often control
  314. 15:04the government the United States Senate
  315. 15:07is even called the millionaires
  316. 15:09Club Teddy's attack on the trusts is
  317. 15:12direct and Powerful his big stick policy
  318. 15:16is a combination of public outrage court
  319. 15:18rulings and the president's withering
  320. 15:21scorn Court battles drag on for years
  321. 15:24but never again will the presidency be
  322. 15:26subject to the will of the Tycoon
  323. 15:31at the end of his ter in Office teddy
  324. 15:33feels bound to honor a longstanding
  325. 15:35pledge not to run again he is begged to
  326. 15:38accept the nomination but he firmly
  327. 15:40refuses instead Teddy handpicks his
  328. 15:43successor William Howard Taff who has
  329. 15:46been Secretary of War in the Rosevelt
  330. 15:49cabinet Taff carries the election with
  331. 15:52ease but he is considered little more
  332. 15:54than Teddy Roosevelt's obedient Shadow
  333. 15:57when he takes office
  334. 15:59Teddy is determined to leave political
  335. 16:01Warriors behind and to
  336. 16:04relax so he sails for Africa on an
  337. 16:06extended
  338. 16:08Safari for 11 months Teddy wanders in
  339. 16:11the Wilds engrossed in nature study and
  340. 16:14hunting for long periods he's content in
  341. 16:17the African Wilderness facing no
  342. 16:19diplomatic problem greater than deciding
  343. 16:21who gets the first shot at a
  344. 16:24lion on his way home Teddy is welcomed
  345. 16:27in Europe with the dignity and ceremon
  346. 16:29due the leader of a major
  347. 16:31Nation to most Europeans he is still the
  348. 16:34president of the United
  349. 16:39States He is showered With
  350. 16:43Honor I feel he says that if I met
  351. 16:46another king I should bite
  352. 16:50him in Norway he accepts the Nobel Peace
  353. 16:54Prize for his role in ending the Russo
  354. 16:56Japanese war
  355. 17:03June 10th 1910 Teddy arrives in New York
  356. 17:07City his friends and admirers welcome
  357. 17:09him home with noisy enthusiasm but TFT
  358. 17:13is conspicuously
  359. 17:15absent for a Time Teddy rests in
  360. 17:18seclusion at home at Sagamore Hill but
  361. 17:21inevitably he is drawn back into
  362. 17:23politics tap's enemies come to him from
  363. 17:26all over the nation daily he hears
  364. 17:29reports that ta is becoming a
  365. 17:31conservative president but he is not
  366. 17:33carrying on the Roosevelt
  367. 17:36tradition during the country Teddy
  368. 17:39accuses Taft of being a weak president
  369. 17:41of being soft on big business soon it is
  370. 17:45clear that he and Taft will contend for
  371. 17:48the nomination in
  372. 17:511912 Taft replies to the challenge I do
  373. 17:55not want to fight Teddy Rosell he tells
  374. 17:57the public but sometimes s a man in a
  375. 17:59corner fights and I am going to
  376. 18:03fight the 1912 Republican convention
  377. 18:06brings The Showdown after a Bitner
  378. 18:09struggle Taft wins the nomination and
  379. 18:12the support of conservative
  380. 18:13Republicans Teddy walks out taking the
  381. 18:16liberal faction with him in the heat of
  382. 18:18anger and disappointment he makes a
  383. 18:20faithful decision he will run in the
  384. 18:23election as an independent I am as fit
  385. 18:26as a bull moose Teddy says early in the
  386. 18:28campaign
  387. 18:29and the B moose becomes the symbol of
  388. 18:31his Renegade
  389. 18:33Party Teddy accuses Taft of giving up
  390. 18:36national sovereignty and of going to any
  391. 18:39lengths to prevent conflict with other
  392. 18:42nations Taff feels he is being accused
  393. 18:44simply of not being Teddy roselt and in
  394. 18:47the end the only man who benefits by the
  395. 18:50contest is the Democratic candidate
  396. 18:53woodro
  397. 18:54Wilson the bulm party is disbanded Teddy
  398. 18:59turns back to his private life tired and
  399. 19:02embittered by failure he has always
  400. 19:04drawn strength from living close to
  401. 19:06Nature and now he again becomes
  402. 19:08engrossed in the study of Wildlife and
  403. 19:11conservation on field trips he's happy
  404. 19:13to be left to
  405. 19:18himself despite his political setbacks
  406. 19:21Teddy remains a popular hero he's a
  407. 19:24leader in the Boy Scout movement and an
  408. 19:26avid Outdoorsman he Delights the public
  409. 19:29with his enthusiasm for exercise and
  410. 19:31good hard work more than any other
  411. 19:34Statesman of his time he is admired by
  412. 19:36the average American
  413. 19:48citizen in 1913 Teddy travels to South
  414. 19:52America from Brazilian officials he
  415. 19:54hears of an unexplored jungle stream
  416. 19:57called the river of doubt
  417. 19:59this has the sound of
  418. 20:01Adventure despite warnings that this is
  419. 20:03a venture for younger men he leaves an
  420. 20:06expedition to chart the desolate
  421. 20:08territory Teddy drives himself hard
  422. 20:11elated at the prospect of challenging
  423. 20:13the Wilderness once more
  424. 20:29but he emerges from the jungle exhausted
  425. 20:32and with a seriously injured
  426. 20:34leg I had to go he sadly explains it was
  427. 20:39my last chance to be a
  428. 20:43boy 1916 war is Raging in Europe the
  429. 20:48nation is caught up in a violent
  430. 20:50controversy should the United States Aid
  431. 20:52England or remain neutral as long as
  432. 20:54possible President Wilson reelected by a
  433. 20:57slim margin leads for the American
  434. 20:59people to remain
  435. 21:01impartial Teddy Rosevelt dives into the
  436. 21:04controversy he's convinced that wison is
  437. 21:06making a tragic error the events soon
  438. 21:09prove him right finally on April 6th
  439. 21:131917 Wilson has no choice he signs
  440. 21:17America's declaration of
  441. 21:19war it has come at last for a year Teddy
  442. 21:23has been hammering at American
  443. 21:25unpreparedness now finally he can do
  444. 21:27something
  445. 21:29he goes to Wilson and asks for a combat
  446. 21:31assignment in France but the president's
  447. 21:34answer is firm he will not allow Teddy
  448. 21:36Rosevelt to fight Teddy is humiliated
  449. 21:39and Furious he's convinced that Wilson
  450. 21:43has turned him down for political
  451. 21:47reason but Teddy Rosevelt can't stay
  452. 21:49away from the Great Adventure for long
  453. 21:52he begins his own kind of campaign a
  454. 21:54strenuous speaking tour covering the
  455. 21:56nation in support of the war
  456. 22:00[Music]
  457. 22:02he's a familiar visitor in the training
  458. 22:05camp he loves to spend his time with
  459. 22:08soldiers and he's always ready to recall
  460. 22:10a glorious Victory long ago at San Juan
  461. 22:19Hill he's deeply proud that his four
  462. 22:21sons are fighting in
  463. 22:25France then in July 1918 a few months
  464. 22:29before the end of the war Teddy's
  465. 22:31youngest son Quon flies an a sorty over
  466. 22:34the German
  467. 22:36line his claim does not return and the
  468. 22:39next day he is reported killed in
  469. 22:44action when the doughbys come home a
  470. 22:47pale and shaken Theodore Roosevelt is
  471. 22:49there to greet them he composes a moving
  472. 22:52epap of Quenton only those are fit to
  473. 22:56live who do not fear to die both life
  474. 23:00and death he writes are part of the same
  475. 23:04Great
  476. 23:06Adventure Teddy Roosevelt's Great
  477. 23:08Adventure is almost over he spends most
  478. 23:11of his time at Sagamore
  479. 23:13hill now the old energy and exuberance
  480. 23:16have
  481. 23:18gone shortly before the end he says to
  482. 23:20his wife I wonder if you will ever know
  483. 23:23how much I love Sagamore Hill and then
  484. 23:28in the early morning of January 6th
  485. 23:311919 Theodore Roosevelt dies in his
  486. 23:39sleep Theodore Roosevelt's death brings
  487. 23:42worldwide expressions of
  488. 23:45grief but perhaps his finest epap was
  489. 23:48spoken by a distant relative Franklin
  490. 23:51Delano
  491. 23:54Rosevelt we know and the nation know
  492. 23:59yes the world
  493. 24:02knows that Theodore Roosevelt was a
  494. 24:04great Patriot and a great
  495. 24:16Soul Theodore Roosevelt wasn't the kind
  496. 24:19of man or the kind of politician who
  497. 24:21played it safe time and again he
  498. 24:23jeopardized his political career for the
  499. 24:25sake of his principles and he often paid
  500. 24:28dearly for it but he had a personal
  501. 24:31philosophy about this it is better to
  502. 24:33DARE Mighty things and fail he said than
  503. 24:37to live in a gray Twilight where there
  504. 24:39is neither Victory nor
  505. 24:42defeat Mike Wallace for biography
  506. 24:58oh
  507. 25:24[Applause]

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