The Kind of Thinker Who Will Thrive in the AI Era | Head of Google Research (Yossi Matias) — Transcript

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1. 0:00A lot of the magic happens actually when
2. 0:01we bring together various people and but
3. 0:03also connecting disciplines, connecting
4. 0:05dots.
5. 0:06>> What you described, that's a systems
6. 0:07thinker.
7. 0:08>> [music]
8. 0:08>> And in some ways it's like an
9. 0:09organization of one. That the person
10. 0:11that you're hiring has to also think
11. 0:13like a miniature company. You have all
12. 0:15of these miniature departments. You're
13. 0:16building, you're thinking about ethics,
14. 0:18you're asking the right questions,
15. 0:19[music] and then you're continually
16. 0:20evolving like a company would. So what
17. 0:22types of roles or skills do you think
18. 0:26you would be hiring for in the future
19. 0:28that maybe don't exist today? [music]
20. 0:29>> We're looking for colleagues and workers
21. 0:32that can actually ask the right
22. 0:33question. That can actually then
23. 0:34identify the opportunity. Sometime we
24. 0:36call them soft skills, but they're
25. 0:37skills, right? In the world where every
26. 0:39researcher may have their own virtual
27. 0:41lab, if you will, the researcher becomes
28. 0:43what today we think about as advisers or
29. 0:46researchers who have their own labs.
30. 0:48>> I feel like I wouldn't do my job if I
31. 0:49don't share a prediction with you. I
32. 0:51have a feeling. So right now we have
33. 0:52electrical engineers, but when something
34. 0:54goes wrong in your house, you call an
35. 0:56electrician. So if you think about this
36. 0:58future with ambient intelligence and
37. 1:00maybe there's AI that you can just talk
38. 1:01to your wall. What is that role going to
39. 1:03be? An AI-trician [music] where the
40. 1:05person you call to fix the AI embedded
41. 1:07in your house and your device, who's
42. 1:09that going to be?
43. 1:12I'm in Palo Alto right now at one of
44. 1:13Google's headquarters. I just got off
45. 1:15the stage with Yossi Matias. He's the VP
46. 1:17of Google Research. And I describe
47. 1:19Google Research as one of the places
48. 1:21inside Google where the future gets
49. 1:23prototyped before all of us get to
50. 1:25experience it. So I wanted to ask him,
51. 1:27what is he building? What are they
52. 1:29working on? Where does he see all of
53. 1:31this going
54. 1:32>> [music]
55. 1:32>> and what does that mean for all of us?
56. 1:34I'm Shayne Bovell and this is I Have
57. 1:36Questions.
58. 1:39This episode is brought to you by Google
59. 1:41Research.
60. 1:42>> Thank you so much for having me. Good
61. 1:43morning to to Yossi and to everyone.
62. 1:46>> So I've um I've had the opportunity to
63. 1:48to go behind the scenes of of Google
64. 1:50Research these past few months. I've met
65. 1:52with your your researchers and and your
66. 1:54scientists. I've learned about what
67. 1:55you're building, what's coming up, and
68. 1:58and the scientist view on where the the
69. 2:00future could be going.
70. 2:02One thing is becoming clear, the role of
71. 2:04a scientist could be changing. So, if
72. 2:07we're if we're to fast forward a few
73. 2:08years to 2030, what do you think the
74. 2:10role of a scientist is? What does it
75. 2:12look like?
76. 2:14>> One thing which is I think quite
77. 2:15exciting if you look into what why are
78. 2:17we actually becoming scientists.
79. 2:20It's really about curiosity, it's about
80. 2:21exploring, it's about inventing. In
81. 2:24fact, there's a key word. I remember
82. 2:25there were these two series that I
83. 2:26really loved reading. One was about
84. 2:29explorers.
85. 2:30One was about inventors.
86. 2:32And to some extent, I think that what
87. 2:35we're doing as researchers and
88. 2:36scientists is in a way being inventors
89. 2:38and explorers. But how we're doing it is
90. 2:41changing all the time.
91. 2:43Now, the world of exploration is just
92. 2:45expanding, right? Before we had to do
93. 2:48all this work in order to make this
94. 2:50progress. And now suddenly, a lot of
95. 2:52this heavy lifting we can actually use
96. 2:54technology
97. 2:56to actually help us with that. Then
98. 2:58suddenly, we need to think differently.
99. 2:59Now, for example, even today,
100. 3:02in the world where every researcher may
101. 3:04have their own virtual lab, if you will.
102. 3:06And not only virtual lab, it's
103. 3:08essentially an AI collaborator that is a
104. 3:10polymath because it reads across
105. 3:11disciplines.
106. 3:13So, suddenly, in a way the the
107. 3:16researcher becomes what today we think
108. 3:18about as advisors or researchers who
109. 3:20have their own labs, which is more into
110. 3:23asking the right questions, into doing
111. 3:25these iterations. So, in a way,
112. 3:28this is up-leveling everything that we
113. 3:30do. So, I I do believe that in the
114. 3:32future, actually, the role of scientists
115. 3:33is going to be more similar to what we
116. 3:36do today as when you think about
117. 3:38advisors, about senior
118. 3:40senior scientists that are actually
119. 3:42working with, you know, labs of grad
120. 3:44students, postdocs, and so forth. So,
121. 3:46it's in a way going to evolve into that.
122. 3:49And Um, pace of that is something that
123. 3:51we need to pay attention to, because
124. 3:53we're not really set for that, right?
125. 3:54The academics systems and what we're
126. 3:56doing. So, I think this is time of
127. 3:58transformation, which is um, you know,
128. 4:01it uh, it can be quite intimidating
129. 4:03sometime, but I think the opportunity
130. 4:05there is uh, is is quite extraordinary.
131. 4:08>> And it's really cool that you said you
132. 4:10have this virtual lab, so this team of
133. 4:11scientists that can follow you through
134. 4:13your life. The lab goes with you. It's
135. 4:15mobile in a way, I think which is really
136. 4:18interesting and and what that concept
137. 4:19looks like as a scientist moves
138. 4:20throughout their life. Does their team
139. 4:22of scientists, their AI agents move with
140. 4:24them? Uh, I think that's something cool.
141. 4:26>> And if I can add to that,
142. 4:27I think that one of the things that um,
143. 4:30I believe that a lot of the magic
144. 4:31happens actually when we bring together
145. 4:33various people, but also connecting
146. 4:36disciplines, connecting dots. One thing
147. 4:38that we observe over the years is that
148. 4:40um, scientific work is driving people to
149. 4:43more specialization, even within an
150. 4:44area.
151. 4:45And therefore becoming more difficult
152. 4:48actually to work across disciplines. I
153. 4:50mean, Hilbert, for example, the great
154. 4:52mathematician actually started
155. 4:54studying doing physics when
156. 4:56pretty late in his career.
157. 4:59And and Einstein actually published some
158. 5:01of these papers with a with a colleague
159. 5:03on who and you see uh, he was doing the
160. 5:06physics and his colleague did the math.
161. 5:09Now, again, the opportunity now to work
162. 5:11with
163. 5:12uh, systems that are can actually bring
164. 5:14together those disciplines and enable
165. 5:16everybody to actually work more um,
166. 5:19across disciplines.
167. 5:20And therefore actually look into things
168. 5:23more um, in a holistic way. I think this
169. 5:25is going to evolve over time, which I
170. 5:27think is very exciting. I think still
171. 5:29specialization and knowing to go deep is
172. 5:31going to be incredibly important.
173. 5:33>> Mhm. Yeah, I would agree.
174. 5:35Uh, and if we were to to expand the
175. 5:36picture outside of just the role of a
176. 5:38scientist, how does my life change in in
177. 5:412030? I've I've heard about what some of
178. 5:42the researchers here are building. What
179. 5:44does that look like for me in a few
180. 5:46years?
181. 5:46>> Yeah, it's interesting. So, we can ask
182. 5:48ourselves actually
183. 5:50um
184. 5:51let me return the question to you.
185. 5:53You're a futurist. So, uh
186. 5:55are you are you looking more into the
187. 5:57future and to the past as a futurist?
188. 5:59And
189. 5:59>> It's probably split. Probably.
190. 6:01>> Okay, so if you would ask the same
191. 6:03question say about uh how is how did our
192. 6:06life change versus 10 years ago? What
193. 6:08would be our answers?
194. 6:10>> Interesting. Maybe the role of con-
195. 6:13continuous communication. I think it's
196. 6:16something that's transformed our world
197. 6:18in a way that we don't even think about,
198. 6:20that we're in contact with people all
199. 6:21the time. Everywhere we go, the world
200. 6:23comes with us.
201. 6:25I think is maybe a way that it's
202. 6:26changed.
203. 6:27>> Yeah, I think in Okay, so so I think
204. 6:29that uh in some ways things are changing
205. 6:32dramatically and in other ways they are
206. 6:34not, right? Because some of the things
207. 6:35that I mean, what do we do? We look
208. 6:37after interesting problems or important
209. 6:39problems for our lives and how we
210. 6:41communicate with each other. Obviously,
211. 6:44uh with technology we actually enable
212. 6:46building bridges. So, I think that it's
213. 6:49amazing that today we can have
214. 6:50connectivity among friends and families
215. 6:52and so forth. At the same time, we're
216. 6:55dealing with uh more information coming
217. 6:57our way, so we need to manage that. So,
218. 6:59I think we're going to see the same in
219. 7:01many aspects of our life and work where
220. 7:03suddenly we have all these tools and
221. 7:05capabilities.
222. 7:06And in the way there are um one one
223. 7:09observation about technology is that
224. 7:11once we start using it and it's good
225. 7:13enough, we actually stop paying
226. 7:15attention to that. We just use it. And
227. 7:18uh and that's uh I I like to call it as
228. 7:20ambient intelligence. So, the best form
229. 7:22of intelligence that we're using around
230. 7:24us is that it's working so good that we
231. 7:26just use it. We don't actually pay
232. 7:28attention to that. And then we're still
233. 7:30trying to achieve our goals. So, I think
234. 7:32that we're going to see this
235. 7:34acceleration in many areas. You know, it
236. 7:36was just a few years ago actually that
237. 7:37we're talking about when and some people
238. 7:40actually were asking if there are going
239. 7:42to be self-driving cars. And now, if you
240. 7:44go outside of this building and around
241. 7:47in this area, you see so many Waymo
242. 7:49cars. And this is, by the way, one
243. 7:51unique experience that even though for
244. 7:53most technologies after I use them a few
245. 7:55times, I'm getting used to it, it's a
246. 7:57technology that is just working and I
247. 7:59still find it magical every time I do.
248. 8:02So.
249. 8:02>> Yeah, it's true. And and I know you had
250. 8:04mentioned a little bit about Earth AI,
251. 8:05which we've talked a lot about and I've
252. 8:08gotten to meet some of your your
253. 8:09researchers working on it. And when you
254. 8:11combine that with that that idea of
255. 8:13ambient intelligence and the questions
256. 8:15that you'd be able to ask Earth AI. You
257. 8:16know, someone with a a business
258. 8:18background, being able to ask you,
259. 8:20"Where should Where should the shop go?"
260. 8:22right? If you want to launch a business,
261. 8:24where where should it be located? And if
262. 8:25you're a nonprofit, that's a question
263. 8:28that you wouldn't have been able been
264. 8:29able to hire a team to figure that out
265. 8:31of consultants.
266. 8:32But you can just ask Earth AI that
267. 8:34question, you know, "Do I make this shop
268. 8:35or should I lease this building?" These
269. 8:37are really extraordinary questions.
270. 8:39>> Yeah, I think it's a great example
271. 8:40because it can if you go enough
272. 8:42backwards, there the question is even
273. 8:45for say responders or governments,
274. 8:47"Where is the flood currently
275. 8:48happening?" was out of reach. At some
276. 8:50point it becomes available through
277. 8:51satellite imagery and so forth, but when
278. 8:53I started looking into that, this was 10
279. 8:55years ago, actually visiting India and
280. 8:57seeing actually a village that was
281. 8:58flooded overnight,
282. 9:00the question of where's where is the
283. 9:02flood going to hit tomorrow was totally
284. 9:04out of reach. It was totally a surprise.
285. 9:07And now, actually, we have pretty good
286. 9:09predictions, so people can actually
287. 9:10anticipate where it's going to be and
288. 9:12take action ahead of time. Uh in fact,
289. 9:15just a few months ago, the government of
290. 9:17Nigeria sent millions of dollars to
291. 9:19villagers um ahead of a flood. They were
292. 9:23using our our API for what we call Flood
293. 9:25Hub, where we actually put our
294. 9:26prediction capabilities. So, in a way,
295. 9:29they could actually see the future, take
296. 9:31action, and actually keep people safe.
297. 9:33Now, with Earth AI, we can take it to
298. 9:35the next level because today, when
299. 9:37you're taking these predictions some
300. 9:38people need to ask okay so what actions
301. 9:40should we do what priorities where are
302. 9:42people located but just imagine you can
303. 9:44just ask a question so in this upcoming
304. 9:46flood or in upcoming storm
305. 9:49what are the impacted communities what
306. 9:50is the infrastructure that is likely
307. 9:52going to be impacted how can actually
308. 9:54mobilize in for help so that to help
309. 9:56people similarly think about how to do
310. 9:59the same in health care how to convert
311. 10:01the signals that we're getting from our
312. 10:03devices into actionable information such
313. 10:05as hey you may want to call a doctor so
314. 10:07it's really about the object the
315. 10:09objectives are not changing what is
316. 10:12changing is the level in which we can
317. 10:14actually expect to actually be able to
318. 10:17operate on them on our daily life on our
319. 10:19work life on humanity challenges and so
320. 10:21forth so it's all the time up leveling
321. 10:24and again if you go back I remember when
322. 10:28you know the days that people ask me so
323. 10:31what's what's going to what are kids
324. 10:32going to do if you if they can just
325. 10:35Google every fact or look it in
326. 10:37Wikipedia right I mean are they going to
327. 10:39be lazy or stupid well I think they're
328. 10:40much smarter right because that's a
329. 10:42given now and now we can actually take
330. 10:44to the next level so I think we're going
331. 10:46to see up leveling everything that we do
332. 10:48but we may not notice it because it's
333. 10:50just going to happen organically
334. 10:52>> using ambient AI I had a vision of
335. 10:54getting a text from your city official
336. 10:55we've transferred a hundred dollars to
337. 10:56your bank account we anticipate a flood
338. 10:58coming to your neighborhood we're going
339. 10:59to need you and your family to evacuate
340. 11:01and then we just don't even think about
341. 11:02that and that just becomes natural so in
342. 11:04that very that future of ambient
343. 11:06intelligence where we're just streaming
344. 11:08it we don't think about it and it just
345. 11:09works what would need to be true from a
346. 11:11capability standpoint in AI for that to
347. 11:14be the case what what does it need to
348. 11:16enable
349. 11:17>> I think it's already happening because
350. 11:19it's coming all the time in a way that
351. 11:21we just assume that it works so um you
352. 11:24know that that's why we're working on
353. 11:26all this foundational work all the
354. 11:27foundational work on understanding the
355. 11:30AI and new models so that actually these
356. 11:33capabilities once they're getting into a
357. 11:36certain threshold of trustworthiness and
358. 11:39effectiveness and helpfulness, we just
359. 11:41embed it in in our life and we just take
360. 11:43them for granted. Uh by the way, this
361. 11:45reminds me that talking reflecting back
362. 11:47I remember when my son Michael who I
363. 11:50think is somewhere here uh was in school
364. 11:54uh
365. 11:54he was came to me one day and said, "Hey
366. 11:56dad, what's going on with your translate
367. 11:58thing? I just actually translated this
368. 12:00page and one line was actually not very
369. 12:02good." And I thought to myself just a
370. 12:04few years earlier this was actually
371. 12:05science fiction to even have a
372. 12:07translation. In fact, you had to send it
373. 12:09to translators to do the work for you
374. 12:11and now this became kind of in a way
375. 12:13assumed that you just do it right. So, I
376. 12:16think the same applies for practically
377. 12:18everything that we do. A lot of stuff
378. 12:20that today we expect um a lot of hard
379. 12:22work or experts etc. is going to be
380. 12:25facilitated with technology. We're just
381. 12:26going to use it and then ask the next
382. 12:28question.
383. 12:30I expect us to be as busy as we are
384. 12:31today because just our goals and targets
385. 12:34are going to uh we're going to raise the
386. 12:36bar of what we're trying to do.
387. 12:38>> One thing that's interesting, I'm really
388. 12:40curious to to to see how many people
389. 12:42would consider themselves a data
390. 12:43scientist at Google uh because that term
391. 12:45that role wasn't invented until 2008
392. 12:48after the data revolution from the last
393. 12:50general purpose technology, the
394. 12:51internet.
395. 12:52So, what types of roles or skills do you
396. 12:56think you would be hiring for in the
397. 12:57future that maybe don't exist today?
398. 13:01>> Yeah, the question for all is quite
399. 13:02interesting because if I try again to
400. 13:03reflect on roles today and how do they
401. 13:05compare to what we expected before, I
402. 13:07think they're quite different. Um
403. 13:10I think that the opportunity for
404. 13:12builders is going to be huge, but what
405. 13:14does it mean to be a builder is changing
406. 13:15all the time because of the knowledge,
407. 13:17the tools, the capabilities to do that.
408. 13:20You how to build, but also how to do
409. 13:21research is going to be important and
410. 13:23more important than ever. So, I would
411. 13:24advise
412. 13:25uh you know, how you do that these are
413. 13:27part of the skills, but it's in a way
414. 13:28also part of the role. Because what are
415. 13:30we actually looking for when we are
416. 13:33working with others? We're looking for
417. 13:35colleagues and workers that can actually
418. 13:37ask the right questions. That uh that
419. 13:40can actually then identify the
420. 13:41opportunities, that can use technologies
421. 13:43to the best possible way to actually
422. 13:45build things that matter. Now, what's
423. 13:48also
424. 13:49going to be more important than ever is
425. 13:51the is the how, is the capabilities that
426. 13:54sometimes we call them soft skills, but
427. 13:56they're skills, right? It's how to
428. 13:57communicate, how to listen. Because
429. 14:00really, if you want to ask the right
430. 14:01questions, you need to understand what
431. 14:03matters. You need to apply judgment. Uh
432. 14:05and and you also to apply the right
433. 14:08judgment on the ethics of how to do it
434. 14:10in the right way, how to be sensitive to
435. 14:13what are the trade-offs. So, I think all
436. 14:15these if if I try to then translate it
437. 14:18to what we really we should expect and
438. 14:20how we should actually want the next
439. 14:22generation to grow into, we want them to
440. 14:24be skillful to ask questions, to be able
441. 14:26to do research, to use technologies, and
442. 14:29importantly to know how to adapt and how
443. 14:32to learn, because the pace of change is
444. 14:34such that in any given moment what we're
445. 14:35doing is going to change. Now,
446. 14:38we also should recognize that we're now
447. 14:40in kind of a transition because there
448. 14:42are all these very powerful technologies
449. 14:44and there's a lot of chatter about oh, I
450. 14:46can just use it to solve problems, but
451. 14:49there's a certain friction in using
452. 14:50them. But, I think we should assume that
453. 14:52much of the friction that we
454. 14:54uh see around us is actually going to go
455. 14:56away because somebody is going to help
456. 14:59actually collectively we're going to
457. 15:01reduce this, and therefore what we're
458. 15:03going to remain with are these
459. 15:05empowerment and use it. So, it's really
460. 15:08I don't think we're going to be in lack
461. 15:10of problems that we need to solve. And
462. 15:13how we're going to solve them is going
463. 15:14to change all the time. So, being able
464. 15:16to adapt to that is going to be quite
465. 15:18important.
466. 15:19>> And what you described uh you know, for
467. 15:21for the skills of the future or who you
468. 15:23could be hiring, they have to think
469. 15:25about ethics, what questions are they
470. 15:26asking, they also have to be in somewhat
471. 15:28a builder.
472. 15:30So, that's a systems thinker and in some
473. 15:32ways it's like an organization of one
474. 15:34like that the person that you're hiring
475. 15:35has to also think like a miniature
476. 15:37company. You have all of these miniature
477. 15:39departments, you're building, you're
478. 15:40thinking about ethics, you're asking the
479. 15:42right questions, and then you're
480. 15:43continually evolving like a company
481. 15:45would, which is also a really
482. 15:46interesting way to to think about it.
483. 15:49>> Yeah, in a way it's related to earlier
484. 15:51uh we talked about scientists and I was
485. 15:53thinking about how AI can actually help
486. 15:55us be across more disciplines. So, you
487. 15:57don't necessarily need to find another
488. 15:59expert to be able to do some progress.
489. 16:01You can actually use technology in order
490. 16:03to actually work more across
491. 16:05disciplines. Similarly, in other domains
492. 16:07actually now when I hear about uh you
493. 16:11know, people with no experience with
494. 16:12coding using live coding to actually do
495. 16:14basic uh coding and therefore enable
496. 16:18empowers them to actually do more with
497. 16:20that. And similarly, when people can
498. 16:22actually uh sketch out some uh you know,
499. 16:25product design and so forth. So, this
500. 16:27notion of everyone can play roles in
501. 16:30different ways by using technology,
502. 16:32again, I think it's going to accelerate
503. 16:34and this is incredibly important. By the
504. 16:37way, it will always we looked into for
505. 16:39example uh product leaders uh as uh
506. 16:43people that would have uh computer
507. 16:46science degree or engineering degree or
508. 16:47something quite important to know how to
509. 16:50make those connections, how to build
510. 16:51those bridges. So, a lot of what we do
511. 16:53is really bringing together things and I
512. 16:55think that to your point, the ability
513. 16:57for every person to actually play more
514. 17:00roles in doing that is very empowering.
515. 17:03As is by the way, the ability to ask
516. 17:05questions and get analysis and
517. 17:07practically get uh kind of a if you
518. 17:09will, a small seminar work done on your
519. 17:13behalf with an with a with a system that
520. 17:16can give you a very quick acceleration
521. 17:18of taking decisions of
522. 17:21helping you to also decide what you need
523. 17:23to build as well as how to build it.
524. 17:26>> And I think I feel like I wouldn't do my
525. 17:27job if I didn't share a prediction with
526. 17:30you. I have a feeling so right now we
527. 17:31have electrical engineers, but when
528. 17:33something goes wrong in your house, you
529. 17:35call an electrician. So if you think
530. 17:37about this future with ambient
531. 17:38intelligence and maybe there's AI that
532. 17:39you can just talk to your wall, what is
533. 17:41that role going to be an AI-trician
534. 17:43where the person you call to fix the AI
535. 17:46embedded in your house and your device?
536. 17:48Who's that going to be? I I wonder what
537. 17:50what that world's going to look like and
538. 17:51I have a feeling we'll be hiring for
539. 17:52that.
540. 17:53>> I'm sure many here are getting calls
541. 17:55from family to fix the Wi-Fi at home. So
542. 17:57>> Yeah.
543. 17:58>> Hopefully hopefully we can solve that
544. 18:00problem at some point.
545. 18:01>> think I work in IT, so
546. 18:04>> There you go.
547. 18:06>> [laughter]
548. 18:06>> So if we're to to move to the present
549. 18:10for a second with all of this, it feels
550. 18:12pretty cool what's in the pipeline, what
551. 18:14will be possible, the problems that
552. 18:16we'll be able to solve, the systems
553. 18:17thinkers that we're training. What would
554. 18:20be keeping you up at night in this
555. 18:21moment?
556. 18:24>> Uh
557. 18:25>> [snorts]
558. 18:25>> you know, it's
559. 18:27the the one thing that I think is is
560. 18:29really because the opportunity is so
561. 18:31vast and so broad and practically
562. 18:35everything that we look around there's
563. 18:36something we can do it to make it
564. 18:38better.
565. 18:39I think that the biggest thing on my
566. 18:40mind is how do we make sure that we're
567. 18:42really meeting the moment and taking the
568. 18:44right opportunities to work on and to
569. 18:46tackle.
570. 18:47There's huge variability on what we can
571. 18:49do. We can use now technology and you
572. 18:51know, we have an amazing talent that
573. 18:54every project, every effort, everything
574. 18:56that we do can make a difference. The
575. 18:58question is how do we do the biggest
576. 19:00difference that we can? And again, if I
577. 19:02think about the opportunity that we have
578. 19:04today to take
579. 19:06societal problems, anything from health
580. 19:08care to crisis resilience to education
581. 19:11to energy development.
582. 19:14In all of those, there's an opportunity
583. 19:16to actually to have an opportunity that
584. 19:18can make impact on so many people in
585. 19:21such a profound way.
586. 19:23And making the right choices of how to
587. 19:25actually go after the right opportunity
588. 19:28is to me one thing that I think
589. 19:29everybody should worry about or think
590. 19:31about because of the urgency.
591. 19:34And again, I'm incredibly optimistic
592. 19:36about how we can actually use innovation
593. 19:38and technology and working together in
594. 19:40order to actually address and
595. 19:43give a positive impact on on people's
596. 19:46lives, daily life, business, but also
597. 19:49importantly on all the societal
598. 19:50challenges that we have. Think about
599. 19:52health care.
600. 19:53That's huge opportunity for us to
601. 19:55actually save lives, improve lives, and
602. 19:57we're already seeing good progress on
603. 19:59that. So, that's actually the main
604. 20:01question on my mind is how do I actually
605. 20:03get the fastest and the most effective
606. 20:05way?
607. 20:06And also, because there are so many
608. 20:08opportunities when I as when I think
609. 20:11about the Google research organization
610. 20:13and what we're doing and the teams, the
611. 20:15amazing talent that we have, one
612. 20:17question that we're constantly asking,
613. 20:19on the one hand, we can have a lot of
614. 20:21impact here and now and very soon. On
615. 20:24the other hand, actually an important
616. 20:25mission that we have is really to look
617. 20:28into what's on the horizon, what's
618. 20:29around the corner, what are the new
619. 20:31innovation or things that nobody was
620. 20:33thinking about yet that are going to
621. 20:35make big impact into the future. A lot
622. 20:38of the things that currently were
623. 20:40working on, actually, were not were not
624. 20:42on the radar just a few years ago or
625. 20:44sometimes a few months ago. So, what are
626. 20:46the next things that we can uncover, we
627. 20:48can actually make the next big jumps in
628. 20:50every area that we have? I think the
629. 20:52opportunity is exciting and is there,
630. 20:55and it's something, by the way, that we
631. 20:56encourage. We actually spent here a few
632. 20:58days now asking what are the big
633. 21:00questions that we need to ask in all
634. 21:02levels, and importantly, how can we
635. 21:04bring everybody in collaboration so as
636. 21:07to we can focus on the next big
637. 21:09questions and have the biggest possible
638. 21:10impact.
639. 21:11>> I think
640. 21:13the bigger the questions become and the
641. 21:14more advanced technologies that we get
642. 21:16to to solve these problems with, I think
643. 21:18we're all going to be up later. I think
644. 21:20that that's what the future looks like
645. 21:21too. Everybody working all night with
646. 21:23their agents. Yoav, see it's been a
647. 21:25pleasure. Thank you all so much.
648. 21:26>> Thank you so much.
649. 21:28Thanks, Renee.
650. 21:29>> Thank you all.
651. 21:29>> [applause]
652. 21:30>> All right.