The EXPERT'S Guide to Understanding the Quran's Authorship — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:00[Music]
2. 0:17welcome back everyone to unveiling
3. 0:19Islam right now we're taking you
4. 0:22through a bunch of issues related to the
5. 0:25Quran we've talked about what the Quran
6. 0:28is a lot of people brother rashed don't
7. 0:32know how the Quran was compiled I've
8. 0:36even seen Muslims say that the Quran was
9. 0:37put together into an entire book during
10. 0:40the time of Muhammad and got his stamp
11. 0:42of approval and this was passed down and
12. 0:44so on and you don't that's not even in
13. 0:46their own sources their their own
14. 0:48sources completely contradict that so
15. 0:51what do you think about how the kurran
16. 0:55was uh revealed and and put together
17. 0:59what are the what do the sources
18. 1:00actually say so according to Muslims all
19. 1:04Scholars they agree that uh it was
20. 1:07revealed through 23 years and then um
21. 1:11bunch of verses here and there I don't
22. 1:15think even suras were revealed
23. 1:18completely except the the very few short
24. 1:21ones but the rest it just compettion so
25. 1:24just to be clear you take a long chapter
26. 1:26that was originally a bunch of indiv
27. 1:29idual pieces revealed on different
28. 1:31occasions as different questions arose
29. 1:34they're getting little pieces of it
30. 1:35Muhammad uh receives a revelation
31. 1:38somehow he delivers it to his followers
32. 1:41his scribes he has a few scribes that
33. 1:43write after him they write on different
34. 1:46pieces for example bones or flat Stones
35. 1:50anything that is available leaves and
36. 1:53then they put them somewhere and they
37. 1:55start reciting some of them during
38. 1:58prayer of course you can imagine how
39. 2:00much um things happened during these 23
40. 2:03years they had Wars they had raids they
41. 2:07had problems they had all kind of stuff
42. 2:09and the material was not that abundant
43. 2:13and so and also he had some problems
44. 2:16with his scribes one of them actually
45. 2:18ran away to Mecca and he said I knew he
46. 2:20was not a
47. 2:21prophet uh because Muhammad was letting
48. 2:24him make changes to the oh the guy he
49. 2:27Muhammad
50. 2:28says like God oh omnicient
51. 2:31and all powerful and then the guy the
52. 2:34guy say well probably wise and uh omnis
53. 2:39he would be like yeah that's how it was
54. 2:41revealed to me and then that's the guy
55. 2:42who he blurts out while Muhammad is
56. 2:45Muhammad is delivering a
57. 2:46revelation he blurts out yeah uh this is
58. 2:50Abdullah IB abis he blurts out so
59. 2:53blessed be Allah the best of creators
60. 2:55and mhamad says mam says in there and he
61. 2:59actually apostatized over that left
62. 3:01Islam because he said wait if I'm the
63. 3:03one who delivered that and Muhammad says
64. 3:05he got it that means I would be a
65. 3:06prophet too and I know I'm not a prophet
66. 3:08he was he was going to kill him this is
67. 3:10just to finish the story who was going
68. 3:12to kill him when he went back to Mecca
69. 3:15uh except otoman which was one of the
70. 3:18the main followers of Muhammad because
71. 3:20he was his
72. 3:22um his cousin so he said please can you
73. 3:25he plead he pleaded for Muhammad please
74. 3:27can you forgive him please can you
75. 3:29forgive him that's how he was forgiven
76. 3:31um he he didn't kill him just because
77. 3:33ofman but he was going to be killed
78. 3:35anyway to go back to the story how the
79. 3:37Quran was compiled this is how it com
80. 3:40was compiled when Muhammad died actually
81. 3:42the Quran was not people didn't know if
82. 3:45it was done Revelation because he died
83. 3:47suddenly nobody expected him to die he
84. 3:50just died suddenly the Quran is not
85. 3:53finished they have stuff with ha stuff
86. 3:57with Abdullah stuff with his followers
87. 4:01and and his wife
88. 4:04and had and and they had differences
89. 4:07among them MH they didn't even agree on
90. 4:09the chapters How many yeah some of them
91. 4:12have less than 114 some of them has more
92. 4:14than 114 and there was a big
93. 4:16disagreement and
94. 4:18even the first sentence we start each
95. 4:21chapter with it uh they they disagreed
96. 4:24was it part of the Quran or just a
97. 4:26sentence we we start with it and there
98. 4:29were there were there were interesting
99. 4:30reasons for some of the disagreements um
100. 4:32Muhammad so Muhammad supposedly during
101. 4:34his time said uh if you want to learn
102. 4:37the Quran from anyone learn it from
103. 4:38these four people on the top of his list
104. 4:40yeah was IB masud IB masud had 111
105. 4:43chapters in his Quran because and he
106. 4:46pointed out which actually makes sense
107. 4:47he said look sah 1 sah 113 and sah 114
108. 4:51are prayers This Is Us speaking to Allah
109. 4:54the Quran is Allah speaking to us why
110. 4:57are we putting us speaking to Allah as
111. 4:58part of the Quran these are just prayers
112. 5:00isn't that strange the first chapter in
113. 5:02the Quran is disputed mhm the last two
114. 5:06chapters in the Quran are disputed among
115. 5:09the first followers is not nowadays
116. 5:11nowadays everybody accepts it but among
117. 5:14the first followers and then when
118. 5:17Muhammad died the calip they're fighting
119. 5:19over Authority he's going to take over
120. 5:22Abu Bakr the first cff tried to do first
121. 5:25compilation he he he tried his best but
122. 5:29still es were um among their their
123. 5:32followers so when Omar came and then
124. 5:36after that otan came then he said you
125. 5:40know what this is going to cause a lot
126. 5:42of trouble I have to eliminate all other
127. 5:46copies and keep just one so he burned
128. 5:48all the Quran Quran burning is not is
129. 5:51not really recent in Sweden it started
130. 5:54the first that was the original Quran
131. 5:56burn exactly so he burned all the other
132. 5:59vers the other versions and then he said
133. 6:03they said he he made copies uh and he
134. 6:06sent them all um to the places where the
135. 6:10main cities of Islam in Egypt and
136. 6:13Baghdad and Syria and other places the
137. 6:16problem we don't have even that today we
138. 6:19don't have that copy that otan said this
139. 6:22is the main copy we have copies of the
140. 6:26copies all manuscripts we have today
141. 6:29they are for a later time almost uh
142. 6:33almost a century after the the the after
143. 6:37Muhammad or even more and this is
144. 6:40actually I mean it's actually pretty
145. 6:42simple to get for people to get their
146. 6:44minds around the the big picture of how
147. 6:46this is working here and what's amazing
148. 6:50is it's difficult to find Muslims who
149. 6:53aren't Scholars who actually know about
150. 6:55this but you know we look at the Quran
151. 6:57we think book it's a book
152. 7:00um they early on according to their
153. 7:02sources viewed it as something to be
154. 7:04recited when you talk about the Quran
155. 7:07being written down on flat stones and
156. 7:10Bones yeah I'm not thinking oh that's
157. 7:12pages of a book They're not writing this
158. 7:14down as pages of book they're writing
159. 7:15this down as aids to memory this is to
160. 7:17help you memorize it right in other
161. 7:18words the Scribe writes it down then
162. 7:21someone has it in their home and they
163. 7:23can actually you know keep reciting it
164. 7:25if you for people who uh the people who
165. 7:27could actually read could recite it
166. 7:29whether and then they could actually
167. 7:30memorize it so the Quran they're not
168. 7:32even thinking of the Quran as this
169. 7:34physical book it's just something to be
170. 7:36memorized and then it's uh it's the
171. 7:39people who died in battle after
172. 7:41Muhammad's death then Abu Bakr is
173. 7:43sending out people to fight the the
174. 7:45apostate Wars and a bunch of people who
175. 7:47had parts of the Quran memorized die and
176. 7:51then Abu Baker says we need a physical
177. 7:52copy we need a physical copy so we don't
178. 7:54keep losing more and more of the Quran
179. 7:55so what's amazing the entire reason the
180. 7:57Quran was put together as a physical
181. 8:00book was because so much of it was being
182. 8:03lost when the people were dying and and
183. 8:05I'm sure that the Quran we have today is
184. 8:08uh probably uh not even as close as to
185. 8:12what was back in the days because even
186. 8:15during the time of Muhammad Muhammad
187. 8:17will be walking and he hears somebody
188. 8:19praying and then he's memorizing a a
189. 8:22certain verse and he say oh U God have
190. 8:25mercy on him because he reminded me of
191. 8:28certain verses that I I mean this is
192. 8:30amazing this is in their own sources
193. 8:31that Muhammad is forgetting the verses
194. 8:33we forgetting so imagine the other ones
195. 8:35yeah he also says that Allah made him to
196. 8:37forget that's that's that's one ofir
197. 8:40thing so he has to come up with a way to
198. 8:43justify it if you are the prophet of
199. 8:45Allah and you're forgetting your own
200. 8:48Revelation how are you going to explain
201. 8:49it to me as a follower so you have to
202. 8:51come up with certain justification you
203. 8:53say well God made me forget it because
204. 8:55he was going to erase it then why he
205. 8:58then this guy then this guy still
206. 9:00doesn't forget it oh yeah he
207. 9:02he Allah just uh erased it from your
208. 9:06thumb drive but he forgot that t drve
209. 9:08yeah and so Allah's I mean Allah's
210. 9:11making the Muslim Community forget a
211. 9:13verse but one guy's memory is too strong
212. 9:15he him and Muhammad is thankful towards
213. 9:17him for for remembering that the problem
214. 9:20is why he revealed it if he's going to
215. 9:22erase it
216. 9:25yeah first place so all to say that
217. 9:30through history the Quran went through
218. 9:33many uh phases and we lost certain
219. 9:38chapters we lost verses we lost even the
220. 9:44the some of the the context of certain
221. 9:47verses probably they were attached to
222. 9:48others and they were just separated
223. 9:51because this guy had some the other one
224. 9:53had some even repetition in the Quran
225. 9:55was caused because of that because some
226. 9:57verses are identical
227. 9:59to other ones and they exist in
228. 10:02different chapters because you gathered
229. 10:04them to a certain order I gathered them
230. 10:06to a certain order so when we compiled
231. 10:08everything we have repetitions we
232. 10:10couldn't go through everything and
233. 10:12eliminate the repetitions so they just
234. 10:14put them together that explains why the
235. 10:16Quran is just
236. 10:18chaos um in in a book and that's um when
237. 10:23you put it
238. 10:24together you've got Muhammad he's
239. 10:26delivering these Revelations a bunch of
240. 10:28them get written down on Stone and so on
241. 10:30and people have them memorized but it's
242. 10:31just a big jumble Muhammad dies they
243. 10:33assemble it the best they can um as far
244. 10:36as like you know order of their
245. 10:38recitations and so on bunch of people
246. 10:40are dying in battle Abu Baker says we
247. 10:42need a physical copy but that's not to
248. 10:44to be distributed that's just so they
249. 10:47have a physical copy and then but Islam
250. 10:51is expanding rapidly and you end up with
251. 10:53Muslims in different parts so that now
252. 10:54they need now they're making their own
253. 10:56copies of the Quran so that they have
254. 10:58them in their
255. 10:59but they're ending up with all these
256. 11:00differences andman says bring them all
257. 11:02together we need to burn them to to uh
258. 11:05to cover up all these different ways of
259. 11:06reciting the Quran and then I'm giving
260. 11:07you an official one and somehow Muslims
261. 11:10look at this and say it's a it's a
262. 11:11miracle even after even after that they
263. 11:14call them readings but there are
264. 11:16differences even after that after what
265. 11:18otoman said there are certain words they
266. 11:21are read or written differently in
267. 11:24Morocco we don't have the same one as
268. 11:27Saudi Arabia we have
269. 11:29wor and they have HS and certain words
270. 11:32they are totally different from both
271. 11:35muss we have different mus so this is to
272. 11:39say that um the Quran is not what
273. 11:41Muslims believe as as a kid I believe
274. 11:43that the Quran stayed always the same
275. 11:45didn't change so as if the book was
276. 11:48revealed to Muhammad he gave it to his
277. 11:50companions and then we got it today
278. 11:52that's not really what happened not what
279. 11:54happened at all and and uh I can just
280. 11:56close with uh with the words of
281. 11:58Muhammad's companion IB Umar who saw in
282. 12:01the next generation of Muslims that
283. 12:02people were claiming to have memorized
284. 12:03the Quran and he said let none of you
285. 12:05say that you have memorized the entire
286. 12:07Quran how do you know what most of it is
287. 12:10when so much of it has been lost that's
288. 12:13Muhammad's companion so when modern uh
289. 12:15dises preachers come to you and say
290. 12:18otherwise you might want to correct them
291. 12:22[Music]