The Big Five Components of Language — Transcript

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1. 0:00The big five components of  language by Rosie Setina.
2. 0:05The big five components of language help us  in many ways. They help us to break down and
3. 0:10explain how and why words work. They help us to  understand the meaning of words as well. Looking
4. 0:16at the big five components of language can help us  with word meaning, usage, and comprehension. The
5. 0:21big five components of language include syntax,  morphology, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics.
6. 0:33In order to understand the way we read we have to  understand the way we interpret language. Language
7. 0:39can be organized into three categories; form,  content, and use. Form is the connection between
8. 0:46sounds and symbols. Content is the meaning.  And use is the way in which we use the words.
9. 0:53With relation to our big five, form covers  syntax, morphology, and phonology. Content covers
10. 1:00semantics. And use covers pragmatics. Syntax is  how language is organized. Syntax refers to the
11. 1:09organizational rules that specify word order,  sentence organization, and word relationships.
12. 1:14For example word, phrase, and clause order, or  the relationships among words, word classes,
13. 1:20and other elements. Syntax is how sentences  are organized into their overall function.
14. 1:26This includes declarative, interrogative,  exclamatory, and imperative sentences.
15. 1:34What is the difference between the following  use of the word dance? The dance was attended
16. 1:39by nearly all the students. And the children  will dance to learn to earn money for charity.
17. 1:46In the first sentence the word dance is  used as a noun. The dance is a place or
18. 1:51event. And in the second sentence the word  dance is used as a verb, it is an action.
19. 1:58We just covered syntax and now  we will look at morphology.
20. 2:06Morphology. Morphology is an aspect of language  concerned with the rules governing change and
21. 2:12meaning at the intra-word level. In other words  morphology is the internal organization of words.
22. 2:19A single morpheme is the smallest grammatical  unit of a language and is indivisible without
23. 2:24violating the meaning or producing meaningless  units. Let's break this down. Looking at the
24. 2:30chart picture to the right what would happen  if we added the suffix ly to quick. It becomes
25. 2:39quickly. Making this word an adverb. Also  indicating something has been done quickly.
26. 2:46What happens if we add the inflectional s  to the word boy? It becomes boys. Meaning
27. 2:54there is more than one boy. We just covered  morphology and now we will look at phonology.
28. 3:02Phonology is the aspect of language concerned with  the rules governing the structure distribution and
29. 3:08sequencing of speech sound patterns. Basically a  phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound
30. 3:14that can signal a difference in meaning. We  write using graphemes looking at the chart
31. 3:20pictured on the right. Let's break down the word  spoon. The grapheme s creates the phoneme /s/.
32. 3:30the grapheme p creates the sound /p/.
33. 3:36and the graphemes double o  (oo) create the sound /u/.
34. 3:42and the graphing n creates the sound /n/.
35. 3:48Blend these sounds together  and we get the word spoon.
36. 3:52We just covered phonology and now we will  look at pragmatics. Pragmatics is the aspect
37. 4:02of language concerned with language use within  a communication context. Pragmatics is concerned
38. 4:09with the way language is used to communicate  rather than the way language is structured.
39. 4:15Pragmatics includes communication intentions,  and recognized ways of carrying them out,
40. 4:21conversational principles or rules, and types  of discourse such as narratives and jokes,
41. 4:28and their construction. An example of pragmatics  would be when we use English it is considered
42. 4:33rude to stare at someone when communicating. We  just covered pragmatics, let's take a look at our
43. 4:40last of the big five, semantics. Semantics is the  aspect of language concerned with rules governing
44. 4:47the meaning or content of words or grammatical  units. Semantics deals with word knowledge. Word
45. 4:53knowledge is an individual's autobiographical  and experiential understanding and memory of
46. 4:59particular events. Word knowledge contains word  and symbol definitions and is primarily verbal.
47. 5:07What do you think of when I say the word move,  do you think of a change in place a push, to
48. 5:14pull or carry, or to stir emotion? These are all  semantics. Language is devised into many parts.
49. 5:23The more we work to understand the parts of a  language the better we can understand how, why,
50. 5:29and when it works. Today we learned syntax is how  language is organized grammatically, morphology is
51. 5:35the parts of a word broken down, phonology is the  sound parts of a word broken down, pragmatics is
52. 5:42the social context in which we use our words,  and semantics is the meaning of our words.