Sosialisme adalah ... | Sosialisme dijelaskan dalam 8 menit. — Transcript

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1. 0:01Imagine the world is undergoing a radical change
2. 0:05Cities grow
3. 0:06two to five
4. 0:08even ten times than before
5. 0:10Cars replace horses
6. 0:12Sending letters turn into phonecalls
7. 0:14And factories that used to produce one product a day
8. 0:16now produce 10 products an hour.
9. 0:19However...
10. 0:21You still live in a narrow house
11. 0:23of only 25 meters
12. 0:24Together with another two families
13. 0:27Above you, another three family
14. 0:29and below you, another three different family.
15. 0:32Capitalism envision a world
16. 0:34that constantly increases life standard for those who work
17. 0:37So how come such beautiful vision
18. 0:40turns into a condition where the working class has to work
19. 0:4316 hour a day
20. 0:45and still live in poverty
21. 0:47In 19th Century
22. 0:49countries in Europe experienced an unprecedented growth
23. 0:51This era is called the industrial revolution
24. 0:56However, behind the might of these cities
25. 0:59and those "growth"
26. 1:01economist realizes a growing problem
27. 1:04in capitalism
28. 1:06System that supposed to bring prosperity
29. 1:09and peace to the people
30. 1:11spreads misery
31. 1:14and poverty to the working class instead.
32. 1:17The solution?
33. 1:19Socialism
34. 1:45Unlike capitalism
35. 1:47socialism believes that it is the government that has the right to
36. 1:50allocate resources and wealth of a nation
37. 1:54socialism is a critic
38. 1:56toward capitalism.
39. 1:57One of the critics of socialism is
40. 2:00that capitalism will make the rich get richer
41. 2:03and the poor get poorer
42. 2:05Due to this sharp critics, socialism is identical with
43. 2:08left wing
44. 2:09because it seek to change the current capitalist system
45. 2:12Lous Blanc, an economist said that
46. 2:16socialism is an economic system
47. 2:18where everyone gets a job
48. 2:21and everyone is paid equally
49. 2:24to the work that they have been doing
50. 2:27Blanc feels that the government should open businesses
51. 2:29and create jobs
52. 2:31and he also coined the term "from each according to their ability,
53. 2:35to each according to their need"
54. 2:39Other than Blanc
55. 2:40Robert Owen, a rich businessman
56. 2:43also stated that capitalism is an evil system
57. 2:46He suggested companies should be transformed into cooperation.
58. 2:51German thinker J.C.L Simonde
59. 2:53is assured that capitalism will result in suffering
60. 2:56and unemployment in a large scale
61. 2:58There are also many other socialist thinkers that wish to transform capitalism
62. 3:03Socialism main assumption is
63. 3:05that there are two classes in society, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
64. 3:10bourgeoisie owns the means of production
65. 3:13While proletariat are those that did not own the capital
66. 3:16and the means of production
67. 3:18but in order to survive, they need to work on those means of production to get wages
68. 3:24bourgeoisie wants to get rich
69. 3:27so they have the tendency to oppress the workers by giving them low wages
70. 3:31so that the product can be priced cheaper
71. 3:35Moreover
72. 3:36the profit from the sales
73. 3:38will fall into the pocket of the bourgeoisie
74. 3:41And if the workers protest to get better wage or better living condition
75. 3:45Then the bourgeoisie, can just fire them and replace their position with someone else
76. 3:52Yes, there are many socialist that rejected that
77. 3:56But
78. 3:58Socialism is made popular by Karl Marx
79. 4:02Now according to Marx, socialism
80. 4:05is not just a system
81. 4:07but a process
82. 4:09to achieve an even more extreme which is
83. 4:12communism
84. 4:14Even though comunism and socialism
85. 4:17stands in the left wing of political spectrum
86. 4:19not all socialist is a communist
87. 4:23as a matter of fact, there are a lot of socialist
88. 4:25who reject communism
89. 4:28in socialist system, private property will be replaced with
90. 4:31common ownership
91. 4:33political and economic strength will be monopolized by the state
92. 4:36high taxes will be imposed and companies will be nationalized
93. 4:41however, socialism still contain elements of capitalism
94. 4:44where individual have self interest
95. 4:46and still have to work for wages
96. 4:48the concept of state and money still exist in socialism
97. 4:51but under communism, state, class difference, private ownership, even money
98. 4:57will dissapear
99. 4:58Humanity will live together as one
100. 5:02and human will work only to produce
101. 5:05goods that are necessary
102. 5:07and not to seek wages
103. 5:09Marx idea is accepted by the masses
104. 5:13Marx inspires figures like Lenin and Stalin
105. 5:16to start a revolution in Russia and establish
106. 5:18Soviet Union
107. 5:23The tension between socialism and capitalism
108. 5:26culminated in cold war between the western block and the eastern block
109. 5:29When the western block wins the cold war
110. 5:32socialism experienced a retreat
111. 5:35countries like East Germany
112. 5:37Poland, Hungary, Vietnam
113. 5:40Cambodia and others
114. 5:43started to abandon socialism
115. 5:46and embrace free market capitalism
116. 5:51In the book
117. 5:52"The End of History"
118. 5:53Francis Fukuyama said that
119. 5:55liberalism, capitalism, and democracy
120. 5:59has defeated communism in global stage
121. 6:02Does that mean socialism is extinct?
122. 6:05NO!
123. 6:06Socialism still exist in a much more
124. 6:08democratic and modern, where government
125. 6:11acts to provide welfare for the people
126. 6:13through social programs and market regulation
127. 6:16Take Scandinavian countries for example
128. 6:19where health care and education is provided for free
129. 6:22but the taxes remain high
130. 6:25It could be said that policies such as public transportation
131. 6:28State Owned Companies, and subsidies to fuel and food
132. 6:31stems from thoughts of socialism
133. 6:34Basically if a policy
134. 6:37can be enjoyed publicly
135. 6:39then the funding should be payed publicly
136. 6:43while Marx ideas and other radical socialist
137. 6:47remain to exist in this era
138. 6:49Countries that still loyal to those ideologies
139. 6:52has lost its power
140. 6:54In terms of politics
141. 6:56or popularity
142. 6:59Thanks for those who view this video
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