YT YouTube2Text

YouTube2Text → Transcripts → Social Movements - Advanced Training Debate Workshop: Week 8

Social Movements - Advanced Training Debate Workshop: Week 8 — Transcript

by Manchester Debating Union · 9,613 words · 1,651 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

Open in transcriber Summarize with AI Download SRT/VTT

Full transcript

0:00okay um so hi everyone uh welcome to
0:03next advanced training session so
0:04today uh we're gonna be doing another
0:07one that's about actor analysis
0:09we're going to be moving a bit up uh
0:12from the very micro individual analysis
0:15that we did last week
0:16to a bit more macro so we're going to
0:18talk about social movements
0:20um as you might have noticed maybe if
0:22you did oxford iv
0:24uh you probably saw that social emotions
0:26are quite popular so you run into them
0:27in competitions quite often
0:29so i hope it's going to be useful in
0:31kind of having an idea on how to deal
0:32with them so
0:33um i'm going to do broadly three things
0:36so first
0:37sort of how you should think about
0:38social movements in terms of
0:40characterizations what questions you
0:42should be asking yourself
0:43when debating them um two we're gonna
0:46practice
0:46one of the most common clashes um so you
0:49are able to deal with
0:51i would say like 90 of social movements
0:53motions really quick
0:54and then we're going to go through a
0:55couple other important characterization
0:58arguments and kind of figure out
0:59practice them cool
1:01so uh next slide
1:05okay synonyms of characterization of
1:07social movement
1:08um so i think the common mistakes that
1:10people often do when they
1:12talk about social movements is that they
1:14one treat the movement as a monolith so
1:17um when they talk about feminist
1:19movement they
1:20discuss it in the same way as it was an
1:22individual person
1:23so they talk about goals of feminist
1:25movement incentives of feminist movement
1:27but it sounds as if
1:28um there was just one like brain or
1:31feminist movement that has very clear
1:32vision
1:33which is obviously not the case or the
1:36second mistake is that people tend to
1:38characterize
1:39all movements in the very same way so
1:41they do not make any distinction between
1:43say very radically different movements
1:45like again
1:46feminist movement or like extension
1:48rebellion or
1:50you know civil rights movement all of
1:51these movements have big differences
1:53between how they are organized what
1:55toxic they use
1:57um who rep is represented in them etc
2:00etc
2:00um so in terms of how to get nuanced and
2:03how to kind of overcome this
2:05um i think there are a couple things
2:07that you can try considering when you
2:08are
2:10figuring out your analysis about
2:11movements the first one is to consider
2:14movement
2:14that's made out of always keeping in
2:17mind that there are different groups
2:19within movements and those groups can be
2:21divided on a range of different levels
2:24so for example it can be in terms of the
2:26level of commitment
2:28so depending on how say hierarchical the
2:30movement is
2:31you can have for example a leadership or
2:34some sort of central you know more
2:36bureaucratic organization
2:37you can have the core base so the people
2:39who turn out the protests who donate etc
2:41you can have these sympathizers who like
2:43you know maybe uh will share something
2:45on the social media will turn
2:47up for something once or twice or just
2:49like generally sympathetic but don't do
2:51much
2:52um so again keeping this in mind can
2:55help you when you're analyzing you know
2:57what
2:57goals of the movement because um who has
3:00a say in
3:01for example formulating the goals is it
3:03more of the core base
3:04is it more based on what he sympathizes
3:06the broad public things
3:08uh there can be differences in terms of
3:10ideology um
3:12so i think common example is the
3:14feminist movement
3:15so there are very different types of
3:17feminism that often contradict each
3:19other
3:19say radical feminism versus the kind of
3:22liberal lean in feminism or choice
3:23feminism
3:24um so again this we take into account if
3:28you're analyzing that movement
3:29specifically
3:30or say having radical subgroups within
3:33movements
3:34uh when i say radical i do not mean bad
3:36um what i mean
3:37is uh that you tend to have groups that
3:40maybe want to go a bit further
3:41in terms of the tactics that they are
3:43using so maybe groups who are
3:44more willing to use a violence or
3:48like similarly visual tactics etc
3:53and thirdly i think also in terms of
3:55capital and resources so you're going to
3:57have
3:57members of the group that might have
4:00bigger like
4:01more of social privilege more political
4:02influence more money
4:04than people who are perhaps more
4:05disenfranchised so again
4:08um that can have an influence in them so
4:11who gets to control what the goals of
4:12the movement are
4:15second i think you should consider
4:19different positions that these movements
4:21have within society
4:23so you can have movements that are very
4:24fringe who have very few sympathizers
4:26versus women who are very large very
4:28mainstream most people are in favor of
4:30it
4:30we're going to talk about it later and
4:32you can use it to
4:34kind of explain what tactics are good or
4:37bad for those specific movements so kind
4:38of tweak the characterization to
4:40fit the mechanism that you are proposing
4:43and lastly you should also consider the
4:45ways in which movements are organized
4:47so there is a great variety in it um so
4:50you should ask yourself is that some
4:51sort of concrete leader some sort of
4:53leading organization a hierarchy so for
4:56example say the civil rights movement
4:58had like sort of hierarchy had some sort
5:00of big you know concrete figures
5:02uh at the top of it uh you might not
5:05have the same way
5:06same thing for example with black lives
5:07matter um
5:09when it comes to how it is organized
5:11it's much more decentralized
5:12um and also um it can be organized in a
5:16way
5:16what kind of spatially transcends so if
5:19it's a global movement or more a local
5:21movement
5:22um so again uh say for example
5:26lgbt movement is much bigger than say a
5:28local movement that represents someone
5:29from
5:30uh from just a specific specific area so
5:33that can also influence the way that
5:35movement can act
5:36okay uh so if this makes sense
5:40uh i will move to the next one
5:44so the moon clashes
5:48so luckily uh unlike with
5:51most other topics where you have a lot
5:54of lot of different clashes
5:55that you have to kind of go through most
5:58oh sorry
5:59uh is mdu a social movement uh it soon
6:02will be
6:03um i guess so um
6:07unlike in other topics most social
6:08movement debates boil into one
6:10common clash um and that is that one
6:13side
6:14has to defend a movement that is broad
6:17and inclusive but kind of less committed
6:21versus the other side is defending a
6:23movement that is small
6:25but is very committed and very
6:26ideologically pure
6:28so most motions that has to be social
6:32movements boil down into
6:33one side defending that and one side
6:36defining the other
6:37to illustrate how prominent this is i'm
6:39just giving a couple of examples of sort
6:41of
6:41sub topics for it so for example
6:45uh motions that are about whether
6:47movement should be conformist or
6:48movement should be
6:50radical um
6:53so um for example the motion and this
6:56house believes that lgbt community
6:58should embrace stereotypes
6:59one side might be proving that if you
7:03embrace sterotypes you can
7:04kind of strengthen the core group and
7:06then you are proving why small and
7:09ideologically pure
7:10movement is good the other side might be
7:12saying no we should instead kind of
7:14pander or the oh yeah i'm going to
7:16answer that in a sec chris
7:18um as the other side is saying that
7:22maybe
7:22instead we should kind of not embrace
7:25stereotypes to be able to appeal on a
7:27broader
7:28on the broader society and then they
7:29defend the more broad
7:31inclusive but like less kind of less
7:32committed less pure movement
7:34um similarly um this is about motions
7:38that are about inclusion of say
7:39centrists conservatives versus committed
7:41progressive group
7:42so uh motion that i've seen set a lot is
7:45the motion this house regrets the
7:47ideological dominance of the left in the
7:49feminist movement
7:50so again on one side you're going to be
7:52like ah
7:53we would like to have conservative women
7:56and
7:57say capitalist women in the movement so
7:59you are
8:00from like defending broad inclusive but
8:02like less committed
8:04uh on the other side you would rather
8:06have like very you know
8:07purely leftist movement being able to
8:09kind of push for the leftist policies
8:12so that's going to be the other side uh
8:14oh yeah the side
8:15all the side be christians that is uh
8:17people who kind of decide not to
8:20uh act on the on on the homosexuality so
8:23again it's the same kind of
8:25kind of motion that is should we be
8:27including people who perhaps are not
8:29going to be as ideologically committed
8:31maybe be a bit judgmental in some
8:34situations
8:35but the movement can help them or should
8:37we just keep it ideologically pure
8:39um in terms of violent and peaceful i'm
8:42gonna talk about it later so just
8:43broadly again
8:45violent movements maybe more
8:47ideologically pure
8:49smaller because a lot of people might
8:51get kind of disintense disincentivized
8:53to join
8:54peaceful movements might have broader
8:56appeal so again same clash
8:58or the last one that i have is carrot
9:00versus stick so
9:01a lot of emotions that i've seen
9:02recently for example this house
9:05suppose the shaming of individuals as a
9:07tactic for social movements to catalyze
9:09change
9:10so again one side is going to be like
9:13we should do this because then they're
9:15going to be more committed we're going
9:16to have
9:17more ideological cure movement but it's
9:19obviously going to be slightly smaller
9:20because some people might
9:22be kind of discouraged as a result of
9:24the shaming the other side will be like
9:26no
9:26instead we would like to have more
9:28positive encouragement and then we're
9:29going to have
9:30broader movement um even though it might
9:33be slightly less
9:34committed so i hope this kind of makes
9:37sense in terms of
9:38how i arrive to the same clash in all of
9:40these instances
9:41um if it is not clear or anyone needs to
9:44clarify any of this like
9:46uh put a message in the chat or to
9:48unmute yourself
9:54no cool good then i assume it was
9:56hopefully clear
9:58so um given this
10:01the case construction kind of framework
10:03that you can use
10:04in most of these social movements
10:06debates
10:07is you look at it and you first ask okay
10:10is this motion centered around the broad
10:12and inclusive versus a small and
10:14committed clash
10:15um sometimes it might not be
10:18uh i think that's the minority of cases
10:20uh but like
10:21in most cases you will be lucky it will
10:23be second you just find out that tends
10:26to be quite intuitive
10:27which side of that class you will be
10:28defending thirdly
10:30i think that's the most difficult part
10:32is you find have to find mechanisms
10:34unique to the emotion
10:35which get you to the impact of either
10:37having the broader inclusive movement or
10:39the small and committed
10:41so you always need to do kind of
10:42separate leg work for each specific
10:44motion
10:45to get the stocky um stocky impact that
10:48you want to get
10:49so for example with that this house
10:51believes that lgbt communities should
10:52embrace stereotypes
10:54um you have to do the legwork
10:55mechanistic leg work explaining
10:57how embracing throat up strengthens the
10:59core group and then you can just
11:01run the stocky analysis about why we
11:03like small and committed movements
11:05or um you have to do the legwork about
11:08explaining why more conformance
11:09strategies would lead to more buy-in and
11:11then again you can do the stocky
11:13benefits of the broad and inclusive so
11:17um that is uh i want to do it
11:20you're gonna impact the benefits or
11:22harms of your side of the clash
11:24and then lastly you just wait up so in
11:27the same way as you would do with any
11:28argument
11:30cool so hopefully this makes sense as
11:32well
11:34and
11:38if it does then what i want to do now
11:41is to do an exercise to let you think
11:44about
11:45it by yourselves so i'm going to split
11:48you into two breakout rooms uh
11:50where one of them is going to have rhys
11:52and one of them is
11:53have ari who i uh gave
11:57the the role of kind of being able to to
12:00facilitate the discussion so what i
12:03wanted to do
12:04if you are in breakout room one i want
12:07you to think about
12:08what if you had to defend the broad and
12:10inclusive movement
12:12what would be the benefits of a movement
12:14with a large
12:15hetero heterogeneous support base on the
12:18expense of commitment
12:19and how would you try to weigh up these
12:21benefits against the benefits of a
12:23much smaller but more committed movement
12:26in the second room um
12:30i want to you to figure out what would
12:32be the benefits of a
12:33movement with a committed and
12:34ideologically homogeneous support base
12:36but on the expense of size and how would
12:39you try to weigh up these benefits
12:40against the benefits of a bigger
12:42but less committed movement cool um
12:45i hope that this is
12:48um that these questions are clear
12:52i forgot to take a picture of them so
12:56um maybe especially if you are ari
12:58police just take pictures of them and so
13:00you can
13:00um refer back to them once you are in
13:02the breakout room because you won't be
13:04able to see it in the breakout room
13:06so i will now do those breakout rooms
14:00so
14:11okay cool um so i hope that everyone
14:13should
14:15[Music]
14:16oh oh my god are you had the yeah so i'm
14:19going to give you 10 minutes to do this
14:21i'm going to time 10 minutes
14:22uh and then i'm going to call it back so
14:25i will open the rooms now
14:27let's see uh which which am i doing and
14:29which is really oh yeah uh you will be
14:31seeing it based on what the breakout
14:33room number is but uh rhys is going to
14:34break out from one and he will break out
14:36from two
14:37cool okay i'm opening the rooms now
14:45it's recording again cool cool okay
14:47great
14:48um so uh i don't know if you haven't
14:51been here last time
14:52when we did the similar exercise the
14:54characterizations
14:56um so if i can get uh probably the
14:59two people who are leading the groups
15:01but also if anyone else wants to do it
15:03to just uh give broadly like report on
15:06what you came up with so
15:07uh in the breakout room that talked
15:10about the
15:11larger broader inclusive movement
15:17i guess that is me i was just organizing
15:20notes so this might get a little messy
15:21towards the end because people said a
15:23lot
15:23but sure um so firstly on the first
15:25question of benefits i think five
15:27broad lines of benefits that we got out
15:29of this room uh the first is just in
15:31terms of
15:32broad political support just in terms of
15:33having more people who are willing to
15:34vote for your policies
15:36uh at the times where they come to
15:37elections to the point where you're
15:38flagging them as good but also in terms
15:40of politicians being more likely to
15:41table policies if it's clear that you're
15:42a larger movement
15:43and therefore more likely to be kind of
15:46a good targeted audience for them
15:48secondly there are claims about getting
15:49more media attention for example
15:52at the point where you're a larger
15:53movement you're much able for example to
15:54attract both mainstream media but also
15:56to reflect the media attention you get
15:57on social media in effect giving these
15:59signal boosts to their core group of
16:00members and whatever they're doing
16:01uh making them more efficacious in that
16:04thirdly claims about why you're likely
16:06to get less fatigue against harassment
16:07i.e
16:08if you're a smaller group and you have
16:09therefore less people supporting you it
16:11is easier to get tired of your movement
16:12especially when
16:13uh for example the state or whoever is
16:16harassing you
16:17uh and so that's less likely to happen
16:18to us uh fourthly
16:20uh the claim that to get committed
16:21members in the first place you simply
16:23need to get
16:24members and therefore having a larger
16:26movement that attracts more people is
16:27actually a good way of having a larger
16:29committed core group
16:30you may well not be trading off finally
16:32the claim that you may well be getting
16:34uh to be more representative people who
16:36might well be driven out by the core
16:38group of committed members who may be
16:39more radical
16:40and why this representation might be
16:42good for people
16:43even without the claim to political
16:45change in terms of weighing the pit i
16:47took
16:48fewer notes for uh and so will be
16:49slightly less messy i think a couple of
16:51things to say here
16:52uh one it is often unlikely that small
16:55committed groups actually manage to make
16:56feasible political change is something
16:58we flagged because you really need to go
16:59through political structures and larger
17:01groups even if you are able to make
17:02maybe
17:02less radical change are often able to
17:04compromise on some core ideals
17:06that you can identify in the debate and
17:08therefore you win on kind of political
17:10change
17:10uh secondly representation is in of
17:13itself for good in that for example
17:15catering to people's experiences and
17:16making them feel better about those
17:17experiences where they would otherwise
17:19be driven out of the movement
17:20is also good for them uh
17:23thirdly uh there's a broad set of claims
17:26about why we just get more donations
17:28both because we have more members and we
17:29are more palatable to elite
17:31like people who are privileged in
17:33society uh
17:35because we've kind of sanitized
17:36ourselves and given that political
17:38change is somewhat unlikely
17:39being able to spend money both on
17:41litigation and actually just setting up
17:42charitable foundations that support the
17:44people that the movement is meant to be
17:45campaigning for
17:46is often far more important than
17:47anything committed members managed to do
17:49uh in terms of uh seeking political
17:52change given that those members often
17:53lack the comparable financial capital
17:56um i think that weighs everything we
17:59said hopefully i didn't forget anything
18:02i know this is really good cool so can i
18:04have
18:05uh the second room so the more smaller
18:07entry
18:08sure yeah uh this will probably be
18:10shorter because i am
18:12worse at writing notes uh but people
18:14also said a lot
18:15so first thing we did was characterize
18:17what is unique about more small and
18:18committed
18:19movements as in what are the unique
18:21characteristics we can exploit so one
18:23is for example that you have a pure
18:25incense ideal
18:27beliefs because you just have fewer
18:29members who are more ideologically
18:31assigned which also means you have two
18:32less infighting in terms of
18:34now when you are displayed as a movement
18:37entirely you have a more palatable
18:39message because there is less confusion
18:40about specifically what you stand for
18:42because the core group is more right
18:44just more ideologically or not
18:46so what that means is given the things
18:48that we care about
18:49what a social movement wants to be able
18:52to do
18:52things such as a being able to be a
18:55space safe to
18:56particularly vulnerable groups b to be
18:58palatable to
19:00general people for uh for reasons
19:03and those reasons being a just in terms
19:05of how they treat you and be
19:06in terms of politic just like
19:09politically and the mechanism you get
19:11people to buy into your group
19:12is through the media so in terms of safe
19:15spaces
19:16just some short discussion as to why you
19:17have a dilution of safe spaces when you
19:19try and be more broad and inclusive
19:21so it acts less as a safe space even if
19:23you're providing that quote-unquote safe
19:25space to more people
19:27uh in terms of media just why you're
19:29better able to control your
19:31control your message as in generally
19:32oftentimes it is things like resource
19:34allocation
19:35or things that people might not want
19:36specifically for you if you're abroad
19:39inclusive the media has every incentive
19:41in order to ensure
19:42that you are to some extent demonized
19:44when you have things like infighting or
19:46inconsistent messaging is easier to
19:48portray yourself as rash
19:49irrational which means you specifically
19:51mobilize people against you so even if
19:53you're
19:53incorrect people will vote against you
19:55because they simply dislike you
19:57while you get less media exposure as a
20:00small and committed group
20:01you have more control over what that
20:03media exposure looks like and it's more
20:04likely to be positive which means you're
20:06actually getting
20:07net positive change as opposed to just
20:09mobilizing people who are against you as
20:11well
20:11uh and then we had like a last second
20:14edition of why when when you are
20:16more radical and extremist i guess it
20:18makes other groups more palatable
20:20which was which we didn't really discuss
20:23because it was the last 10 seconds
20:25cool yeah no this is really good as well
20:27so um
20:28i made some notes about couple things um
20:32i think i actually came up with um some
20:34more stuff
20:35um so yeah i think broadly in terms of
20:38the benefits i think you
20:39all kind of covered exactly what i wrote
20:42down
20:43um i also made couple notes on the on
20:45the ebay
20:46um so one of those that we mess we were
20:49talking about or both
20:50groups talked about is the idea of the
20:52message so how
20:54um obviously the small and committed
20:55movement can kind of count on being able
20:57to win the idea of being able to
20:59formulate their goals more clearly
21:01so for example if you have to defend the
21:04broader inclusive movement and you have
21:06to defend
21:06sort of watered-down message you can
21:09still
21:09overcome this by explaining why even the
21:12message that is voted down is still very
21:13useful
21:14so for example it very hap often happens
21:16if for example feminism just pointing
21:18out even if you do not have like very
21:20leftist feminism
21:21even general goals such as like
21:22anti-domestic violence can be
21:24kind of rallied behind by
21:28most women from most kind of um
21:33like no matter if you are rich or poor
21:34or along ethnic lives etc etc
21:37um but you can also if you are on this
21:40side of small and committed you can be
21:42ver you can massively weaponize the fact
21:43that you are the unique one who can have
21:45clearly formulated goals for example
21:47by explaining why the watered-down
21:49version would be completely useless
21:51so we use this often in debates for
21:53example at climate change or about
21:55humane animal farming in terms of animal
21:57rights movements
21:58so for example explaining why sort of
21:59the nice like mitigatory climate change
22:02policies that you
22:03like craft with corporations very often
22:06just do nothing because how watered down
22:08they are
22:09um and you did mention this vulnerable
22:11people being alienated as a result i
22:12think that's very good
22:14um and
22:17i do think that the the the the weigh-in
22:20about the popular support is also was
22:23done so i don't want to repeat it
22:25so it's obviously going to be on the
22:26slides so if you want to go back to it
22:28um as well as in the recording you can
22:30go back to the explanations by ari
22:32panries
22:33and check it so um given this i think if
22:36you
22:36gonna see a social movement motion this
22:38is the kind of stocky analysis and
22:40stocky weighing that you can use for
22:42basically all of them
22:43um and do well um basically no matter
22:47what you have to debate
22:48um cool i have any questions in regards
22:50of this framework and this
22:52clash or is everyone clear what it asks
22:55you to do how to do the weighing etc
23:01good okay looks like everyone knows
23:05so uh moving on the last part
23:08so we're going to talk about useful
23:10characterizations and useful arguments
23:12that you're probably going to be
23:14using quite often when um talking and
23:17debating social movements
23:18so i'm going to talk about how to
23:20characterize how society engages with
23:23social movements
23:24why people join such movements how what
23:26are the different tactics social
23:27movements can use to affect change
23:29and then to broadly kind of more
23:32extraneous about
23:33violence favor and against and the sort
23:35of hierarchical versus horizontal
23:36structure and how to be able to defend
23:38both sides
23:39so let's start with how society
23:41perceives social movement
23:42and i think this is particularly
23:44important and i think this is one of the
23:45characterizations that matters a lot a
23:48lot
23:48in your in social media and people often
23:51do not do it
23:52so if you are the team that does it and
23:53you do it correctly and tweak it to what
23:55you are trying to defend
23:57you tend to be able to win the room
23:58quite easily so
24:00where does this characterization matter
24:02number one
24:03in terms of true choice of mobilization
24:06strategies
24:06so for example if the motion asks me to
24:09prop some sort of conformist strategy
24:12i want to paint the perception of my
24:14movement in the society as mostly
24:16negative so people are kind of averse to
24:19me for some reasons meaning that i
24:20need to have a conformance strategy
24:22because anything radical
24:24would probably make the backlash big
24:26against me and that would be a bad thing
24:28if i'm going to if i need to prop
24:30something more radicalizing
24:32i want to paint it as more of a positive
24:35so i want to say look people already
24:36kind of listen to me people
24:38already kind of hold the mindset i
24:39wanted to hold if i'm telling them to be
24:41more radical
24:42they're going to listen they're going to
24:43do it second
24:45it can help in terms of the choices of
24:48strategies to affect
24:49change so for example if the motion asks
24:52me to defend using
24:53chords um it can help if i say
24:56look there is no other choice because
24:58the perception in society
25:00is so negative and it's unlikely to
25:01change that no one's gonna like
25:04uh support me enough to ever have
25:05electoral pressure
25:07meaning that i need to go through courts
25:09need to go through that lobbying because
25:10i just
25:11won't have the critical mass to do it
25:13other way and
25:14obviously it can be used to impact slash
25:16mitigate backlash arguments
25:18so if you want to run backlash um you
25:20want to make sure that you are
25:21explaining what the society looks like
25:24to say
25:25look this is why the backlash is going
25:26to be so bad or
25:29mitigate the other side's backlight
25:30saying look like no one's actually got a
25:32backlash no one actually hates you that
25:33much
25:34so um the way society engages with
25:37movements slash the particular movement
25:39you are talking about can be analyzed on
25:40two fronts
25:41the first front is the culture one so
25:44that is
25:44what's the current attitude of ordinary
25:46people so if i'm gonna
25:47go to the average joe on the street and
25:49tell them about my issue what is likely
25:51that the joe is thinking
25:53so that can go in three broadways so
25:55number one it's the
25:56idea that it's mostly kind of negative
25:59so that is
25:59individuals hold some sort of
26:01pre-existing beliefs that are
26:03contradicting your message
26:04so you need to flip them they are right
26:06now they are averse and you need to flip
26:08their ideas so um for example
26:11i think very obvious examples are things
26:13like like racism
26:14etc uh but even more maybe more subtle
26:18is for example the fact that
26:19um feminist messaging can often make men
26:22some men feel emasculated because you're
26:24asking them to do things that they were
26:26socialized kind of not to do because of
26:28a socialized like always like a gear
26:30more you know
26:31um macho etc or the idea of like
26:34american dream can often prevent you
26:36from being able to
26:37push forward like very leftist socialist
26:40policies because people do not want to
26:41lose the
26:42the feeling that they have agency over
26:44how they change you know the economic
26:45destiny they want to feel like they
26:47might be able to like once become rich
26:49in like
26:49uh jeff bezos etc um second
26:53it can be apathetic so people just don't
26:56know about the issue
26:57and you can run different mechanisms
26:58about why is it that people just don't
27:00know
27:01so for example um we run it quite
27:03recently at one of the oxford motions
27:05um just talking about why um you know
27:08people tend to be
27:09somewhat content with like the basic
27:11needs that they have met
27:12meaning that they just stop caring at
27:14that point about other issues
27:15or the fact that there are incentives
27:17for example from governments to
27:19kind of hide the issues and not talk
27:21about them because they
27:22don't want to you know like for example
27:24how governments don't talk about
27:25race issues because they are scared of
27:27kind of alienating their water bases
27:29so they instead just like kind of push
27:31it under the carpet
27:33um so that is um
27:36ways that you can explain why the
27:37society is apathetic in order
27:39to be able to push a policy that maybe
27:42would be very public
27:43uh you know like mobilization strategies
27:45that would make that
27:48this is how you can explain why it's
27:49necessary and the third way just
27:52describing that the
27:53the society is already quite sympathetic
27:55so you can use it by for example
27:57pointing
27:58the the fact that the activism and the
27:59establishment culture is quite prominent
28:01it's
28:02like already social media can make
28:04people engage with social movements
28:05quite often meaning that a lot of people
28:07are already kind of sympathetic already
28:09know about a lot of issues etc etc
28:12so this is how you can characterize the
28:14cultural
28:15attitude of ordinary people and again
28:18you can use any of them so kind of tweak
28:20them depending on what you need to
28:21what you need to defend chances are the
28:23other side is not going to contest it
28:25and then you're going to be playing the
28:26debate on your
28:27um on your play field and you're likely
28:30gonna win
28:31secondly in terms of uh political
28:34opportunity windows so this is how the
28:35system how the institutions the politics
28:38engages with you so this can exist on
28:40kind of a spectrum between closed and
28:42open
28:43so when it comes to closed that can be
28:45maybe authoritarian regimes where it's
28:47very
28:47hard for you no matter how big you are
28:50to maybe get some sort of legislative
28:51change
28:52because uh maybe voting is not fair
28:56or it can be you can describe why the
28:59state is
29:00actively has active incentive to kind of
29:03discourage you or um or um
29:06not take you into account for example
29:08with movements that kind of threaten the
29:09base of the state
29:11so maybe movements that are very very
29:15radical in terms of redistribution or
29:17very socialist movements
29:19probably are not going to get the best
29:21like reception from a state that
29:24obviously works on a basis that doesn't
29:26really um like that sort of policies
29:28uh on the or the opposite side it can be
29:30very open political opportunity windows
29:32so that's why the politicians actively
29:34try to pander for your votes as a
29:36movement
29:36um or as a voting bloc um yeah so
29:40again you can characterize the political
29:42opportunity window your movement has
29:44to be able to again push whichever of
29:47the mobilization strategies the
29:48motion asks you to defend um
29:52i hope this makes sense uh just a little
29:54bit abstract i'm gonna just give an
29:56example
29:57so this is one of the oxford iv motions
29:59this was in round one um the motion was
30:01this house believes that contemporary
30:02social movements
30:04um should focus on class differences
30:06rather than on identity based
30:07differences
30:08so like gender race religion etc so we
30:10were opening
30:11up and the way we try to
30:14minimize um og and beat og was by
30:17explaining
30:18why a class difference based movement
30:21would be not successful both on the
30:23cultural
30:24and in terms of the political
30:25opportunity window front so for example
30:28we explained why culturally
30:30people tend to be very normalized to the
30:32idea of capitalism people tend to
30:34have the idea that they have agency in
30:36terms of how they can escape
30:37poorly they think that maybe in three
30:39years you know they're going to be rich
30:41meaning that they do not want to waste
30:43time like no fighting for
30:45improving the the like their conditions
30:47right now because they still have the
30:48belief that this is not a static
30:50condition
30:51comparatively then you would have um you
30:54are probably quite aware that you
30:56uh can't change your race you can't
30:58change your gender it's going to
30:59something that's going to statically
31:01meaning that people are much more likely
31:02to to to to try to improve their
31:05conditions
31:06plus um maybe the effects of it are even
31:09more visceral and you are less likely to
31:10be normalized to them so like for
31:12example i cut calling
31:13um and secondly we also talk about a
31:15protocol opportunity window so we set by
31:17class-based movement is probably going
31:19to be less
31:20recepted by the state given that um
31:23you are probably asking for things like
31:24big redistribution and given that the
31:26state is kind of dependent on big
31:28corporations and
31:29the tax revenue it gets from them you
31:31are much more threatening to it
31:33than maybe you would be if you were
31:35organizing on the basis of identities
31:37where maybe
31:38both political parties can technically
31:40um get some of your votes so they are
31:42more likely to pander on you
31:43also on the other side if you have a
31:45class-based movement you are basically
31:47locked to one party that's more leftist
31:50so this is an example of how you can
31:52kind of
31:53use that characterization in a debate i
31:55hope this makes sense if anyone has any
31:57questions on this
31:58uh but in the chat
32:01is there a way to communicate a sense of
32:03urgency in terms of the opportunity
32:05window
32:06so uh if i understand it correctly
32:10so yes there is for example
32:13if you need to prop that some change
32:16or something needs to be done by the
32:18movement right now
32:20you can do a characterization explaining
32:22that maybe the political opportunity
32:24window tends to be closed in the
32:25majority of cases
32:27but right now for xyz
32:30factors it's open so this is often the
32:33case in autoit and regimes so maybe you
32:35can point out like look
32:36um i don't know saudi arabia right now
32:39has issues
32:39economically because of like i don't
32:41know oil prices and covet
32:43and there is some extra other factors
32:46meaning that
32:47in an otherwise very close political
32:48opportunity it now became quite open
32:51meaning that now it's the chance of you
32:53know social movements to come
32:54and do some sort of change i don't know
32:56if that was what you asked
32:58um or if i missed interpreting
33:02the the question yeah that's it cool
33:05great yeah so yeah that's a very good
33:06question yeah sorry and if i could add
33:08on that i think like uh to
33:10i think summarize basically three cheat
33:13ways of
33:14like communicating a sense of urgency in
33:16terms of opportunity window
33:18tends to be always like three things so
33:19it's either um emerging trends so for
33:22example a growing discontentment for
33:23example in saudi arabia
33:24people who maybe want to liberalize the
33:26administration so it could be emerging
33:28social trends
33:29um it could also be secondly
33:31administration so for example
33:32if it's a specific administration that's
33:34constrained to maybe a four year term
33:35just be like hey
33:36we only have a four year time window in
33:38which you do this um and so we should
33:39take the opportunity now or something
33:41like that
33:41um or the finally it's just a specific
33:44event
33:44um so for example if it's something like
33:46the shooting of brianna taylor just say
33:48that
33:48you know social awareness about things
33:50like police brutality
33:51is so unusually high and it's likely
33:53going to fade over time
33:55as the news cycle has no incentive to
33:57continue pandering to this
33:58and so just say because of the specific
34:00event localized in time this is our
34:03prime opportunity window we cannot let
34:04it go to waste
34:05so it's either administration event or
34:07emerging trends
34:09yeah uh yeah i think that's that's good
34:11so hopefully that helps
34:12um so unless there are any other
34:13questions i'm just gonna
34:15go to the next one so the next one is
34:18why people join social movements
34:20so the common mistake that sometimes
34:22people make is that they assume that
34:23once they explain that there's some sort
34:25of collective
34:26grievance or some sort of discontent it
34:28automatically means mobilization
34:30that is not the case uh because like i
34:33can be discontent about many things
34:36it doesn't mean i'm also going to go
34:37tomorrow and like protest on a square
34:39right
34:40given that there is a opportunity cost
34:44of joining a social movement so you have
34:46to give your time you sometimes
34:47do your money you sometimes have to risk
34:50your
34:50health because sometimes protests are
34:52being cracked down upon
34:54people need more than just being
34:56discontent about something
34:58to be able to join so there are a couple
35:00of things that you can
35:02or a couple of reasons that people might
35:04have to join social movements that you
35:05can use
35:06again um to to justify maybe your choice
35:09of messaging
35:10so the first one i think basic is sort
35:12of cost benefit analysis
35:14so you've been aggrieved so much that
35:16it's worth it over the alternative
35:18so like you are just being oppressed
35:21enough that you are willing to risk
35:23things
35:23uh to to change it because otherwise you
35:26just can't suffer through it
35:27um second uh i think the other ones are
35:30more
35:30uh maybe less less intuitive
35:34uh in terms of identity construction so
35:36very often people
35:38don't join social movement just because
35:39they are discontent about something but
35:41because they want to feel like they are
35:42being part of something
35:44so they want to kind of construct the
35:47identity
35:48around fighting for a thing so you want
35:50to feel
35:51like you are saving the planet because
35:53you're an environmentalist so you get
35:54the catharsis from kind of knowing that
35:56you are like a big part of the thing
35:58and you have a proximity to a
36:00like-minded social group so like also
36:02like social movement
36:03is like people perceive a social
36:04movement in a same way they would
36:06perceive any other community or any
36:08other group of um
36:10you know friends so you go there because
36:12you want to be with people that you like
36:13that you feel like you can relate to et
36:15cetera et cetera
36:16so this is also a reason why people join
36:18social movements not just because they
36:19are angry
36:20um thirdly it can be empathy so let's
36:23for example if you are explaining
36:24involvement of allies um sometimes
36:28people tend to be quite cynical about it
36:29but i think it's true
36:30that people just are often empathetic
36:33and if they see
36:34that a group is suffering and is being
36:36oppressed and they can relate to the
36:37pain
36:38often especially they can see the pain
36:40very viscerally
36:41so that can be also like a like a spark
36:44that forces people to join
36:46or i think the more cynical one is the
36:48kind of virtue signaling
36:49um so people joining because they want
36:51to make themselves look better um
36:54this is obviously probably not the best
36:56reason but you can also still capitalize
36:58on it and explain why even people
37:00doing good things for the reason of
37:02virtue signalling can be
37:03a good thing because you know at least
37:06they are not being
37:06like at least they are contributing to
37:08some way so those are things broadly
37:11the four um four reasons you can join
37:14the where it matters is often for
37:16example choices of messaging so
37:20the uh the motion that
37:23um we debated i'm not sure where it was
37:26i think it was dog's bridge
37:27last before before summer was this house
37:30supports the shaming of individuals as a
37:32tactic for social movements to catalyze
37:34change
37:34so uh even opening up and in addition to
37:38the
37:39to the characterization of how society
37:41looks like previously
37:43we explained why if on our side we are
37:46going to do
37:46more of a positive encouragement so do
37:48like positive sort of messaging
37:51you are more likely to pander to people
37:53who are joining
37:54movements because of the identity
37:56construction so we
37:57claimed that people joined movements as
38:00because of identity construction mainly
38:02um and we said look uh people want to
38:05feel like they are the heroes or
38:06something like they want to
38:08have that feeling and if you give them
38:10this
38:11as a as a sort of encouragement sort of
38:12incentive you're more likely to join
38:14um rather than if you're going to make
38:16them feel bad about themselves at the
38:17start
38:18um yeah which is how they are then going
38:20to get the cohesive et cetera
38:21um and it kind of did work so um yeah so
38:24that's that's
38:25for example one way i hope this makes
38:27sense as well uh again
38:29drop a message in the chat if you need
38:31more to explain
38:35cool if nothing let's go to change of
38:38action
38:39so how can movements affect change again
38:42common mistake people focus on electoral
38:45change
38:46and assume that nothing can be done
38:48without like being a voting bloc
38:50i think there are a few other abilities
38:52that you can use
38:53that don't necessitate the ability to
38:55like have a big voting role that can
38:57vote the politician out or like
38:58etc so the first one is sort of cultural
39:00change there's the winning hearts and
39:02minds
39:03but note that this is not important just
39:05because then you can vote
39:06um just changing people's hearts and
39:09minds can be good
39:10because you for example can make can get
39:13them to
39:14have behavior change so for example in
39:17case of like
39:17feminism or lgbt movement they maybe
39:19they will be doing less microaggressions
39:21they just go treating people around them
39:23better
39:24or you can create further pressure so
39:26think about as like an immunity
39:28so once enough people buy into something
39:30they are more likely to kind of pressure
39:32or judge people for not buying into it
39:34so it becomes harder say to be sexist on
39:36twitter
39:37if more people have their mind changed
39:40they're more likely to counsel you
39:41so even like the sexist will just be
39:42less likely to be awful because they
39:44don't want to get canceled
39:46so that's one way to kind of impact
39:47cultural change outside of electoral
39:50um direct action for example
39:52volunteering a lot of stuff can be done
39:54by i don't know the activists going and
39:56i don't know setting up a
39:58homeless shelter etc again you don't
40:00need politics
40:02um to be able to do that effectively or
40:04um
40:05affecting cooperation sometimes this
40:08requires somewhat less people than
40:09politicians because maybe corporations
40:11have smaller
40:12um you know markets meaning that even
40:14just part of their market might be
40:16pushing on them
40:17they might be willing to change behavior
40:18and then you can just explain why
40:20corporations have a lot of power
40:22as well um so that's another way to
40:24avoid political action
40:25but if it comes to political action i
40:27think there are again a couple things
40:29you can use
40:30outside of just the voting bloc which is
40:32the first way but the second
40:34you can you can talk about
40:37uh forcing politicians out of silence so
40:40sometimes
40:40it is enough to make politicians make a
40:43statement
40:43so for example politicians don't want to
40:45talk about issues like race because they
40:47are scared
40:48it's going to um alienate their like
40:51more conservative or like the white
40:53electorate but they are also not willing
40:55to say something explicitly racist
40:57so they are just silent and they're
40:58hoping to get away with it now if you
41:00push them to make a statement
41:02they are much more likely to have to
41:03commit to something positive
41:05because they actually don't want to say
41:08anything racist so like if they if they
41:09don't have the choice to be silent
41:11they might be they might be forced to do
41:13something positive about it so again you
41:15don't need that many people about it you
41:16just need someone to push them
41:18uh or lobbying um again um
41:22not all politicians are lizards so like
41:24there are probably some good politicians
41:26that you can approach
41:27and that then can kind of use the agenda
41:29setting power
41:30within the parliament to push your
41:32things through or push other politicians
41:34out of silence
41:35uh or maybe in specific constituencies
41:37you have more loving
41:38power than in others so it's not always
41:40like on the big national spectrum
41:42uh that like the fifty percent of
41:43population has to be in favor of you
41:45um uh to to get any change done or
41:48lastly courts
41:49um sometimes you can achieve a lot with
41:52a small number of people
41:53who can really efficiently lobby a court
41:56like very often for example in the us a
41:58lot of social movement progress is done
42:00by the supreme court making that change
42:02um
42:03outside of the electoral system at all
42:05so those are the broad possibilities
42:07um that you can use to kind of propping
42:10something that doesn't necessarily allow
42:12you
42:12to talk about electoral change um so
42:15this is ways how to avoid it
42:16uh cool any questions about this
42:22no cool so on terms of violence
42:27so um i think there are a couple
42:30mechanisms
42:32how there's one lizard politicians but
42:35they're
42:35back venture and they don't i don't get
42:39that
42:39but that's fine cool okay
42:42so mechanisms somehow you can use uh
42:45explain why why would we be in favor of
42:47violence
42:48so number one um you can talk about the
42:51fact that it
42:52can force regimes to surrender so maybe
42:54police force or military in like say
42:56authoritarian regimes are more likely to
42:58desert
42:59when you have a violent movement it can
43:02challenge the state's strongman
43:04appearance so
43:06it can create a political opportunity
43:07window so for example
43:09um you can say that if you have a
43:13very authoritarian regime where it just
43:16looks like that
43:17nothing can be ever done if you then get
43:20a
43:20violent movement that is able to
43:22somewhat deal and somewhat challenge at
43:24the really strong man appearance of it
43:27people can then become much more
43:28optimistic and they can feel like look
43:31if this happened we can maybe do more um
43:33thirdly
43:34more international media attention that
43:37can spark more
43:38international lobbying if you are
43:40violent if you are
43:41obviously more visible um that can help
43:44to get attention
43:45of media that you wouldn't maybe get a
43:47peaceful protest
43:48um lastly no not lastly
43:51one before lastly uh moderate wings can
43:54look better
43:55um so if the state is afraid of you of
43:58the violent wing
43:59they might be willing to appease the
44:00more moderate wing
44:02um so if you're scared of like the
44:04really radical communist
44:06you might be want to appeal to like the
44:08more moderate socialists and give them
44:10something to prevent them from sliding
44:13into more radicalism
44:15and lastly it's just the catharsis so
44:19people can express their grievances
44:22maybe more especially given that
44:25especially in cases where they were
44:26very oppressed and they were subjected
44:28to violence themselves
44:30um so that's more of maybe a principle
44:32claim cool
44:33um on the opposite side if you want to
44:35explain why
44:36why uh peaceful protests can be better
44:38and why violence is bad
44:40you can talk about a violence alienates
44:41many people because it's too radical
44:43but also because maybe access issues so
44:45maybe women and elderly children
44:48are unable to join us but as much and
44:50then you can impact why
44:51a broad and inclusive movement will be
44:53better by the stock that we've already
44:54discussed
44:55um you can talk about peaceful movements
44:57have higher sympathy from police forces
44:59or military
45:01uh because you are not like actively
45:02attacking them you can talk about why
45:04violence would encourage
45:06collective punishment so state is can
45:09feel justified
45:10about for example using force or like
45:11using stricter assembly laws
45:13and then nothing can be done anymore um
45:16as a result of this so not even peaceful
45:17protests can happen when the state has a
45:19legitimacy to kind of crack down on
45:21everything
45:22um and um similarly even internationally
45:24the state can legitimize
45:26excessive use of force because they say
45:27okay they started now we have to
45:29crack down on them as well and then
45:31other states
45:32are less likely to to to intervene um
45:36yeah so those are the mechanisms um
45:39and when it comes to debatable specific
45:41movements you can try to characterize
45:42the context in such way that
45:44violence will seem more and less
45:45efficient so for example if you need to
45:48prop violence
45:49you can talk about the fact that the
45:50movement operates in a context where
45:53um you have some already some stable
45:55membership base so no one is likely to
45:57get alienated as a result and you don't
45:59even need allies
46:00you already have some sort of
46:02non-legitimate state
46:04um and there are a lot of other options
46:07so violence is usually the last resort
46:10so you just want to point like you just
46:12want to explain it there's nothing else
46:13and you already have enough people
46:15that like even if you look kind of
46:17radical it really doesn't matter so for
46:18example revolutionary movements like
46:20arab spring
46:21that's an example of it on the opposite
46:23side you want to describe
46:24the membership base is kind of unstable
46:26so you need allies you can't illuminate
46:28people
46:28the state is generally seen as a
46:30legitimate so people will be fine with
46:31them cracking down on you
46:33and there are mother many other
46:35potential avenues of change
46:37um so this is the way how you can
46:39describe the context so that the
46:41violence looks better or worse
46:42um yeah example of the against violence
46:44and the extension extinction rebellion
46:47is a way uh is an example of where um it
46:49would work to
46:50to point out where violence maybe did
46:52not work as well
46:54cool any questions on this
46:58no cool so lastly um
47:02on the hierarchical versus horizontal
47:04structure
47:05so the one thing i would note is that
47:08how the movement is organized doesn't
47:10just happen
47:10by accident so it's a strategic choice
47:13in and of itself
47:14this is usually because of a signaling
47:16effect so
47:18um for example movements who are very
47:19decentralized for example say extension
47:22rebellion
47:23they do not do it just randomly they do
47:25it because they want to signal something
47:27so very often especially if it's a
47:29movement that is anti-establishment
47:31or they want to point out and show that
47:34they are the ones who are different who
47:36are radically different in the way they
47:37organize
47:38they are not like the establishment who
47:39is hierarchical and bureaucratic
47:41they are actually giving opportunities
47:44to everyone involving everyone equally
47:46so often this is the reason why they
47:49organize themselves in a way that they
47:50do
47:51in terms of arguments you can run on
47:53either side
47:54if you need to argue in favor of a
47:56concrete leader and a hierarchical
47:58movement
47:59you can do a explain why it's easier to
48:02put forward a clear coherent message
48:04i think we discussed this before about
48:06the committed movement so for example
48:08pointing out you cannot able to speak
48:10against violent subgroups because you
48:11have a clear face
48:12that can say okay this is the stance of
48:14the movement whoever is being violent we
48:16disagree
48:17and people are giving them the authority
48:19you can't do it in a more dispersed
48:20movement because you're not sure who
48:22actually is correct
48:23um second easier to be represented right
48:26so you can establish personal
48:28connections with politicians
48:29lobby access to media this often depends
48:32on trust right like if like your
48:33neighbor joe can't just like show up to
48:35the parliament and like talk to a
48:37politician uh
48:38because there is no trust between them
48:40two but like if you have one leader
48:42who's that constantly that
48:45probably make them to listen to you um
48:48thirdly
48:48uh you can mobilize the hierarchy easier
48:50because you kind of can get the commands
48:52through
48:53um full fleet respectability politics if
48:55you have a bureaucracy you might be more
48:57likely to receive funding because you're
48:58peer professional
48:59you can hire professionals um and
49:03just like politicians tend to like you
49:05more because you just look like a
49:06respectable organization to work with
49:08and economies of scale so you have
49:10know-how you have resources you can
49:12share across
49:13you can't do it as well and say like
49:14more decentralized movement
49:16where every like local bubble operates
49:18by itself on the opposite side
49:20you can talk about the fact that the
49:22leader is in risk of being easily
49:24decapitated or co-opted
49:25so either they can be just thrown to
49:27jail and then your movement is kind of
49:28without a leader
49:30or um i think this is the flip side of
49:32establishing the personal connections
49:34so um the fact that the leader has a
49:38personal connections of trust with
49:40politicians also means that politicians
49:41can do something to
49:42a piece just the leader to let them kind
49:44of drop the issues of the movement
49:46so that can be a way to cope the leader
49:48that can be problematic
49:50um second decentralized movements can
49:53probably more effectively represent
49:55specific local needs so um especially
49:58like say if you have something some
50:00divisions based on like like i don't
50:02know
50:02areas of socio-economic backgrounds each
50:05of the bubbles of the movement can have
50:07different tactics based on
50:08who they are representing and also you
50:11can also question who tends to be on the
50:13top of hierarchies
50:14so often if you have a hierarchy whoever
50:16is on the top tends to be the most
50:18privileged the most educated
50:19and especially it's respectability
50:21politics you're trying to look
50:22respectable
50:23often the places being given to the most
50:25privileged group because they are the
50:26ones who
50:27will look rational if they talk um so
50:30that can also be a bad thing that you
50:32want to avoid and lastly
50:35the decentralized movements of an appeal
50:36to your appetite against the system
50:38among activists
50:39so people want to join a movement that
50:42shows
50:42that is different than the system
50:44because they hate the system
50:46they want to go for something that is
50:48clearly different
50:49okay uh hopefully this makes sense as
50:52well
50:54good okay so just the key takeaways
50:57as the and the end i know this was a lot
51:00of lots of lot of matter
51:01i am sorry i hope that was somewhat
51:03helps the reason why i think this was
51:06fine to do a lot of mata dumping is
51:08because you tend to reuse it all the
51:09time
51:10um so if you remember all of these
51:12things in any social movement debate you
51:14will have something to say
51:15um so in terms of the very key takeaways
51:17the social moon debates are predictable
51:20they are centered around the same core
51:21clash take advantage of it
51:23learn how to run the stocking mechanisms
51:25use them over and over and you're going
51:27to be winning debates
51:28two characterization matter so top room
51:30debates
51:31will be worn on those characterizations
51:33always characterize
51:34if you see it's needed what the movement
51:36looks like what the society looks like
51:38how it currently perceives the movement
51:40in a such way that supports your
51:42mechanism tweak it in a way as i told
51:44you
51:44uh you can use different kinds of
51:46characterization depending on what you
51:47have to
51:48defend and thirdly remember that moments
51:51are not monoliths be nuanced in
51:53describing them
51:54so read about the most prominent social
51:56movements and come up with some sort of
51:57sticky characterizations and reasoning
51:59for those characterizations for both
52:01sides
52:01so for example like in half debates i've
52:05been describing feminist movement that's
52:06like really french and really powerless
52:08and then
52:09on the other half of debates i would
52:11just be like look like feminist movement
52:12is really mainstream and it can't afford
52:13to ask radical changes
52:15and for each of these i would have like
52:16three reasons to justify why it's the
52:18case
52:19so have the same for yourselves kind of
52:21try to come up with
52:23those oppositional characterizations and
52:25try to use them
52:26to make sure that you are both nuanced
52:29and kind of
52:30are able to utilize um tweak the motion
52:32to your side
52:33i hope all this made sense i think this
52:34is the end of the presentation so if
52:36there are any questions
52:38about anything that happened in it uh
52:40just
52:41put it in the chat right now
52:47um if not then i think we can stop the
52:49recording
52:50and jaclyn

About this transcript

This page contains the full transcript of Social Movements - Advanced Training Debate Workshop: Week 8 by Manchester Debating Union, generated from the public captions YouTube serves with the video. The transcript has 9,613 words across 1,651 segments, with the original timestamps preserved so you can click any line to jump to that moment in the embedded player.

What you can do with it

Use the transcript to take notes, quote the speaker, build a study guide, generate a summary with ChatGPT or Claude via the YouTube Summary tool, or export it as a timed subtitle file with YouTube to SRT. You can also re-open it in the transcriber to translate the transcript into 100+ languages.

Free YouTube transcript tool

YouTube2Text is a free YouTube transcript generator — no signup, no daily limit. Paste any YouTube link and get the full transcript instantly, with timestamps, click-to-jump, translation to 100+ languages, AI prompts for ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, and exports to TXT, SRT, VTT, or Markdown.