🥇 SISTEMA URINARIO (Aparato EXCRETOR) en 12 Minutos!!. ¡Fácil y Sencillo! — Transcript

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1. 0:00Hello hello my dear anatomy students, how are you? Welcome to a new
2. 0:04anatomical video on this channel: easy anatomy by Juan José Sánchez. Today I bring you an
3. 0:11anatomical account about the generalities of the urinary system, see that in my videos I already
4. 0:17talked to you about the anatomical account of the cardiovascular system, we talk about the respiratory system,
5. 0:22we talk about the endocrine system and we talk about the digestive system; So let's say the fifth great system that
6. 0:29we are going to talk about is the urinary system, of course this is an anatomical account to
7. 0:33introduce you into the world of this great system. Very well, the Nephro-urinary system,
8. 0:41also called the urinary system, urinary system or in some cases known as the excretory system,
9. 0:48is the set of organs - remember that all systems are a set of organs that
10. 0:54have related functions - then in the case of the Nephro-urinary system - urinary we can define it
11. 0:59as the set of organs and cells that are responsible first for the production,
12. 1:06second for the storage and subsequently for the excretion of urine, which is what
13. 1:14the nephro-urinary system does. In general, of course we are going to see that there are certain organs such as
14. 1:19the kidneys that can have several functions apart from the function of urine formation,
15. 1:24but let's say that this is what this great system is in charge of and what is urine itself? ? Why
16. 1:30do we need to get rid of urine? Urine is simply nothing more than a liquid that
17. 1:37is formed by ultra filtration, that is, a filtration that occurs at the level of the kidneys of
18. 1:42the blood, specifically what is filtered from the blood is the plasma because the
19. 1:48cellular components that They are the red blood cells, the white blood cells, the platelets, which under normal conditions
20. 1:54should not pass into the urine, the only thing that passes in the urine is the plasma but clearly filtered. What do
21. 2:01I mean by ultra-filtered? simply that not all particles are going to be filtered into the
22. 2:07urine, simply some particles that the body needs to get rid of, among them
23. 2:12the most toxic are nitrogenous substances such as urea, such as creatinine, for example,
24. 2:19that is why you see When it comes to asking or wanting to measure
25. 2:24a patient's kidney function, we ask that urea and creatinine be used in the blood chemistry laboratories,
26. 2:28since these are substances that our body produces but that when accumulated
27. 2:34in high concentrations is very toxic to the body and that is why the kidney gets rid of them,
28. 2:40of course if I do a blood test on a person it has elevated urea and
29. 2:45creatinine, what I have to think is that the kidney lost the ability to eliminate these
30. 2:50substances through urine, of course it is not the only cause of the increase in these substances
31. 2:54but more or less so that you understand this. So urine is the way or one of
32. 3:00the ways that the body has to get rid of those metabolites that are toxic, for what
33. 3:05purpose does the nephro-urinary system do all this? As I am explaining to you, simply that
34. 3:11these nitrogenous components, not only them, also contain a certain amount of sodium,
35. 3:17a certain amount of potassium and other minerals that when they are in high concentrations in the
36. 3:23body are eliminated in the urine, also certain certain medications, metabolites.
37. 3:28Substances that have already been metabolized are eliminated and excreted through this
38. 3:35urine. Now, how would the anatomical count of the nephro-urinary system begin? We are going to
39. 3:40see that here the most important organ, we are going to start from the most proximal to the most distal,
40. 3:45from top to bottom they are the kidneys, that the kidneys are paired organs, if you want to delve even
41. 3:50further into what the kidneys are and which one is They are anatomy, I invite you to search the channel for the videos of
42. 3:56kidney 1 and kidney 2. So these kidneys are paired organs more or less the size of a
43. 4:01closed fist that are found on each side of the deepest part of the abdomen in an area Called
44. 4:08the retroperitoneum, what function does the kidneys have? Well, these kidneys precisely receive blood
45. 4:14through an artery, which is the renal artery. They receive that blood, apart
46. 4:19from being nourished because they are an organ, they ultrafilter it into the plasma and through this
47. 4:25ultra filtration is that they then form urine, microscopically the kidney is made up of
48. 4:31units called nephrons, these nephrons are precisely in charge of this
49. 4:36ultra filtration process, it is a true process that is quite complex that is
50. 4:42well studied in physiology, Apart from this function of urine formation that the kidney has,
51. 4:48it is not just forming urine to eliminate toxic waste, also according to the amount
52. 4:53of liquid that I contribute to the formation of urine, I will reduce the volume and Therefore, the
53. 5:01kidney is also responsible for regulating body fluids. If we have excess fluid in the
54. 5:05body, the kidneys will try to eliminate it and if we lack it, the kidneys will save and
55. 5:10decide not to form urine, okay? Then they have to do also with the water balance of the
56. 5:17body, also with the electrolyte balance because certain electrolytes such as sodium, potassium,
57. 5:21magnesium, calcium, can be excreted in the urine when they are in high concentrations and can
58. 5:26be excreted in the urine when we are rather deficient because the kidney tries to
59. 5:31save them, we are also going to see that the kidney has an important endocrine function first
60. 5:36with the activation of vitamin D through an enzymatic pathway and second it produces an important
61. 5:41hormone called renin, okay? This renin has to do with the angiotensin aldosterone system,
62. 5:48which is a mechanism by which the kidney can regulate blood pressure, so see that it
63. 5:53also provides a function of regulating blood pressure, there is a second important hormone that
64. 5:58is secreted in this For example, the kidney, which is the hormone erythropoietin, this erythropoietin is
65. 6:05a very important hormone from a hematopoietic point of view since it stimulates the formation
66. 6:10of red blood cells in the bone marrow, okay? So many times when the patient stops producing
67. 6:17erythropoietin because, for example, he or she has chronic kidney disease, we see that
68. 6:21since the patient does not have the stimulation of the formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow, we will see
69. 6:27that the patient can fall into anemia. chronic type, this is so that you understand more or less what
70. 6:31the kidneys do. So we are going to stay in the urinary part and he tells me that then the
71. 6:35kidney formed the urine through the nephron and this urine is going to pass through a series of tubes
72. 6:41that are the collecting system, that is what we call it, it is the bit of tubes that you You see that they are
73. 6:48finally responsible for carrying the urine outwards. Let's start talking about this
74. 6:53urine collection system, but first, don't leave the video [Music] aside. It is very important
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79. 7:35Don't forget to also write to me from which country you are watching me and which university you are watching me from. We had been
80. 7:40talking about the collecting system, this collecting system begins with some structures
81. 7:44that have a really cup shape that is why we call it calyx, so the first ones
82. 7:52that capture the urine that comes from the nephrons, so to speak, are the calyxes. minor,
83. 7:57these minor calyces are 7 to 14 for each kidney and they are really cup-shaped, now what
84. 8:04is going to happen when these minor calyces begin to join together? They begin to join together to
85. 8:10form larger cups that collect urine, then they bring the
86. 8:15minor calyces. These larger cups are the major calyces. They are few. For each kidney we will
87. 8:21generally find more than 56 renal calyces. They can be of three to five, three to six
88. 8:27major renal calyces specifically, then what is going to happen with these major calyces? What they are going
89. 8:33to do is join together and form a large vessel structure that we are going to call the renal pelvis. This
90. 8:40renal pelvis is the first structure that we see when we see a kidney anatomically because,
91. 8:46here because there is an anatomical section, but the kidney really It's like that in a funny way,
92. 8:52The books call it a bean, like a tangerine; So you see that what really comes out
93. 8:56is the renal pelvis. I never see the calyxes, the only way to see the calyxes is to make a cut
94. 9:00in the kidney. So this is the calyx, this is the calyx, don't excuse me, this renal pelvis, which is the only thing
95. 9:06I see, recapitulated, then each one will continue with a single duct called the
96. 9:12ureter, so that it will be a ureter on the left side and a ureter on the left side. right side,
97. 9:17what these ureters are going to do is finally conduct that urine coming from
98. 9:24the renal pelvis towards a pelvic structure that is a store, which is a receptacle called:
99. 9:31the urinary bladder, this urinary bladder is the place where urine begins. store urine,
100. 9:36because the kidneys are producing it but they are not storing it and through the ducts what
101. 9:40they do is take it to the store in the urinary bladder. Here it is stored, there are
102. 9:45pressure receptors in its walls that are what give you or take away the urge to go to the urinal,
103. 9:53when these receptors feel a lot of urine because the pressure inside the urinary bladder increases,
104. 9:59they give you the stimulus so that you have the urge to urinate, so up to this point
105. 10:06the urinary bladder is totally the same in the man and woman; Things change in the last
106. 10:10structure, which is the urethra, the urethra is a single duct, do not confuse it with the ureters, which
107. 10:15are two; This urethra is responsible for removing urine from the bladder to the outside,
108. 10:21in the case of women it is much less complicated, the urethra empties at the level of the vaginal vestibule
109. 10:30and this urethra in women is very short, measuring approximately three, squares,
110. 10:33between four and five centimeters, in fact they are what explains why a woman has
111. 10:38urinary infection more frequently because the urethra is very short, so it is easier for
112. 10:42the microorganisms to reach the bladder in a retrograde or ascending manner. urinary tract
113. 10:46and cause, for example, cystitis, okay? In men the urethra is much more complex,
114. 10:52the urethra in men can measure 13, 14, even 15 centimeters, why? Because
115. 10:57it has to go through the entire length of the penis to be able to end at the tip. What is happening? anatomically
116. 11:02, the man is a little more complex through the urethra because the urethra right
117. 11:08at its beginning is surrounded by a structure that presses the nut, this structure is the prostate,
118. 11:13it has nothing to do with the excretory system, it has to do more with the reproductive system but
119. 11:19it surrounds the urethra, so what will happen is that any prostate growth will
120. 11:24narrow this urethral duct and that is why the patient has the characteristic symptoms
121. 11:27of difficulty urinating in the case of men, this urethra, apart from being part of the system, worth
122. 11:36the redundancy, the urinary system in men is also part of the reproductive system,
123. 11:41because at this level ducts called spermatic ducts penetrate, which are the ones
124. 11:48that bring the semen that comes from the testicles and other glands. and it is in the same way that
125. 11:55the human body uses to be able to extract this product that has to do with reproduction,
126. 12:00it only passes through the urethra, which belongs to the reproductive system and the urinary system
127. 12:04simultaneously. This was then the entire quick anatomical account of the urinary system,
128. 12:10I hope you liked it, you understood it, don't forget to subscribe to the channel, like the
129. 12:14video if you liked it and you can find me on Instagram at @juan_sanchez1315