🥇 SISTEMA ENDOCRINO en 12 Minutos!!. ¡Fácil y Sencillo! — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:00Hello, hello, my dear anatomy students! How are they? Welcome to a
2. 0:04new anatomical video on this channel, Easy Anatomy, by Juan José Sánchez. Today I bring you
3. 0:09the video of the generalities of the endocrine system, this wonderful system that is
4. 0:16very unknown to most, but that plays a very important role in our body.
5. 0:22Since this endocrine system produces a series of substances that are essential
6. 0:28for life, essential for development. Ok, then, well,
7. 0:32come with me then to see this wonderful system. What is the endocrine system?
8. 0:37Surely you may have heard it, but you don't know what it is, what it does.
9. 0:42Well, the endocrine system, like any system or device, but I haven't read it as much as the
10. 0:49endocrine system. Although it would be good from a semantic point of view, let's say that it is
11. 0:53the set of organs, every apparatus system is a set of organs, as I have told you
12. 0:57in the previous videos, that this set of organs are called glands and that these
13. 1:03glands produce a series of substances that are released directly into the bloodstream.
14. 1:09These substances that are released by the endocrine glands, in this case,
15. 1:13are called hormones. Then, the set of organs that is responsible for releasing substances
16. 1:19that go directly into the blood are called: the organs of the endocrine system
17. 1:25as such. And you will say, why do they release substances into the blood, for what purpose? Well,
18. 1:31I explain to you, these substances that are released into the blood are called hormones.
19. 1:36A hormone is nothing more than a chemical messenger, it is the way in which the different organs of the
20. 1:45human body can communicate with each other through substances. Why is it released into the
21. 1:51blood system? because through blood, like blood in the circulatory process,
22. 1:55it will go around the entire organism. If I send a substance directly into the blood,
23. 2:00I can probably communicate with the entire body through that substance.
24. 2:05So, see how wonderful this communication system is that the
25. 2:10endocrine system and many organs of our body have that function only if another tells them what to do,
26. 2:17when to do it and how to do it. So, the endocrine system is this, it is the stimulation
27. 2:21that an organ can give to some cell or to some other organ that is very far away from
28. 2:26it to tell it to do an action or even to stop doing an action. That is very important.
29. 2:33Now, for what purpose do we study the endocrine system or why does the human body
30. 2:39have an endocrine system? Well, from what I am explaining to you,
31. 2:42imagine that I am the growth hormone that is secreted by a gland
32. 2:46called the pituitary gland. I give you an example at the level of the brain and this
33. 2:50growth hormone has to stimulate the growth of all the other structures of the body.
34. 2:54So, the way the body has to be able to tell all the cells,
35. 2:59all the bones, all the muscles, all the organs, that you have to grow, is through
36. 3:04this substance called growth hormone. So, see that they are messengers,
37. 3:08we absolutely depend on the endocrine system for our proper functioning.
38. 3:14Now, glands in general, when we look for the concept of gland, it is said that a gland
39. 3:21is any organ that is responsible for creating and secreting a substance. Now,
40. 3:29according to this, we can divide glands into endocrine glands and
41. 3:35exocrine glands. What is an endocrine gland? Good! An endocrine gland is that gland, see,
42. 3:41that the cellulite that forms more or less so that, so you can see,
43. 3:44the endocrine glands are those glands whose secretion product goes directly into
44. 3:48the blood and is called a hormone, the product directly into the blood. When
45. 3:52an organ secretes a substance and this substance goes into the blood,
46. 3:56it is considered an endocrine organ. Okay, now exocrine glands are those
47. 4:02glands that also have secretion products, see the example here.
48. 4:05This is an example of a sweat-producing gland, for example, sweat, but the
49. 4:10secretion product of this gland does not go into the blood but goes through a duct. Generally
50. 4:16through a duct to the outside, such as the pancreatic juices of the
51. 4:22pancreas, such as the bile ducts, such as the ducts of the salivary glands,
52. 4:27such as the ducts of the sweat glands. Ok, they are substances that do not go
53. 4:31into the blood but rather go outside or into some body cavity. That is the
54. 4:36difference between endocrine and exocrine gland. The only ones that are part of the endocrine system
55. 4:42are the endocrine ones, of course, the exocrine ones are not part of the endocrine system. Let's
56. 4:49see then, what are the organs and more or less their function, those that make up the
57. 4:53endocrine system? But first, no, don't take off from the video. [Music] It is vitally important that
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61. 5:28from which university, so I can have an overview of where my audience comes from.
62. 5:35So, well, we had been talking about the organs of the endocrine system,
63. 5:39more or less what the system consists of. So we are going to go from top to bottom,
64. 5:45from the most cephalic to the most caudal. Let's start first with the central,
65. 5:50literally the central of the endocrine system, which is the hypothalamus.
66. 5:54The hypothalamus is an organ found within the brain, which is the one that commands the entire
67. 6:00endocrine system, or rather most of it. There are certain glands that escape the control
68. 6:05of the hypothalamus, but the hypothalamus is in charge. It is a small structure that is located
69. 6:10at the level of the diencephalon and that, apart from having nervous functions, has the function of creating
70. 6:16hormones. OK? That stimulate the gland that is just below it, which is the pituitary gland.
71. 6:23Ok, there is another set of hormones that are from the hypothalamus that do not stimulate the pituitary gland,
72. 6:29but can directly stimulate other body organs, but in itself,
73. 6:32the hypothalamus is in charge. It is like a military hierarchy, the endocrine system,
74. 6:35as if this were the general and he commands the captain who has less command than him,
75. 6:40that the captain would be the gland that is just below, which is the pituitary gland.
76. 6:43How do you send it? Because it releases hormones that, since they are very close to each other,
77. 6:49are communicated by a blood plexus, a blood vessel, I mean. These hormones,
78. 6:55leaving the hypothalamus, directly stimulate the pituitary gland below. Ok,
79. 7:01and the pituitary gland, also called the pituitary, is second in command, so to speak. It is also
80. 7:06located at the level of the brain, it receives orders from the hypothalamus so that it can release
81. 7:14another hormone in turn, which is the hormone that will stimulate the rest of the glands in the body.
82. 7:18So, the hypothalamus, for example, if it wants to tell the thyroid gland to
83. 7:23secrete thyroid, the hypothalamus cannot tell the thyroid gland directly. The
84. 7:28hypothalamus has to tell him, since he is the general, he has to tell the captain, who is the pituitary gland, and
85. 7:33the pituitary gland, please tell the thyroid gland that I need you to secrete thyroid hormone.
86. 7:38Then, the pituitary gland listens to it and releases a hormone that finally tells the
87. 7:44thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones. And thanks to the
88. 7:50stimulation of the pituitary gland, for example, the thyroid gland begins to produce hormones.
89. 7:54So, see that it is always a command mechanism, that is, one gland
90. 7:58commands the other. So, the two that are most in charge, let's say those of the military high command,
91. 8:05are those in the brain, which are the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. So,
92. 8:09since we have the glands under the neck, we are going to have the thyroid gland first. This
93. 8:15thyroid gland, a single central gland, as well as the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland,
94. 8:20which is located in the anterior part of the neck, embracing the trachea,
95. 8:23is responsible for producing thyroid hormones, which are T3 and T4, mainly .
96. 8:27These two also produce other hormones, but those are the two most important ones,
97. 8:32which are responsible for accelerating the metabolism in general,
98. 8:35which are hormones that are responsible for increasing the metabolic rate in a general way. It
99. 8:40is controlled by the pituitary gland and in turn the pituitary gland by the hypothalamus.
100. 8:45There are glands that are behind the thyroid, which are the parathyroid glands,
101. 8:49small, they look like lymph nodes. This gland is parathyroid or parathyroid,
102. 8:55they release a hormone called PTH, pth is the abbreviation of parathyroid hormone or
103. 9:02parathyroid hormone, this parathyroid hormone is the one that has an important role in the metabolism of
104. 9:08calcium and phosphorus at the level of bones and its excretion at the renal level. Now,
105. 9:13these parathyroid glands have a peculiarity in that they are not
106. 9:17governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, but rather the parathyroid governs itself.
107. 9:22They regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. OK,
108. 9:27it is not controlled by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. They escape your control.
109. 9:31The next important gland is already found at the level of the abdomen,
110. 9:35which is the pancreas in the retroperitoneum. This pancreas has a very important function from
111. 9:40a digestive point of view because it secretes pancreatic juices,
112. 9:42but from an endocrine point of view it produces two main hormones. There are several, I repeat,
113. 9:48but there are two that matter to us: one is insulin and the other is glucagon.
114. 9:52Insulin is a hormone that has to do with lowering blood glucose or blood sugar
115. 9:58levels , however you want to say it. While glucagon does the
116. 10:03opposite, glucagon is responsible for increasing blood sugar levels. So,
117. 10:08it has to do with carbohydrate metabolism. This pancreas is the organ
118. 10:13that is, for example, affected in cases of diabetes mellitus.
119. 10:17Well, then we have the adrenal glands, which are a pair of glands that are on top of the
120. 10:22kidney, but have nothing to do with the kidney. They are simply located there,
121. 10:25they gave it that name because it is there, but they are not part of the kidney. This adrenal gland
122. 10:32produces quite important hormones. First, in its most central portion, which is the spinal cord,
123. 10:36they produce the famous catecholamines, which are adrenaline and norepinephrine. Remember that these
124. 10:45are hormones that have functions from a general point of view: they increase the heart rate,
125. 10:49increase the respiratory rate, increase the force of cardiac contraction, the famous
126. 10:54adrenaline. And they also produce other hormones such as aldosterone and cortisol. Aldosterone
127. 11:01has to do with the regulation of body fluids and cortisol is a steroid
128. 11:06that we have endogenously, it has many, let's say, bodily functions. Then, we have the
129. 11:14testicles. Something I forgot to tell you is that the adrenal glands are controlled by the hypothalamus
130. 11:20and the pituitary gland, but not the pancreas. Only the pancreas and the parathyroid are the only two
131. 11:25large glands that are not governed by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.
132. 11:30Only the pancreas and parathyroid are not governed by the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.
133. 11:36The testicles, for their part, are controlled by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland. They are unique to
134. 11:42males, they are housed in the scrotal testicles and are responsible for secreting
135. 11:45a hormone called testosterone, which is a hormone that has to do
136. 11:49with the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics in men.
137. 11:53While the woman, instead of a testicle, has a pair of ovaries that are in the abdomen. These
138. 11:58are responsible for secreting two main hormones. One is estrogen, which stimulates the
139. 12:04formation of secondary sexual characteristics in women, and also produces progesterone,
140. 12:09which has several functions in the body. One of them is to maintain the pregnancy.
141. 12:13So, very good. This would be a general outline,
142. 12:17let's say, anatomical-physiological of the endocrine system. Don't forget to subscribe to the channel,
143. 12:22'like' the video if you liked it and you can find me on Instagram at @juan_sanchez1315