Scopes Trial — Transcript

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1. 0:00all right here I am again same thing
2. 0:03same shirt look at that here we are
3. 0:07so I went up on the 1920s I love the
4. 0:101920s it's kind of my favorite time of
5. 0:12History you know as a history person
6. 0:14people always ask you so what's your
7. 0:16favorite time of History you like to
8. 0:17study I really like the 1920s I like the
9. 0:201920s because so many things come
10. 0:22together in the 1920s that are just like
11. 0:23today right I mean the 1920s you don't
12. 0:25really have a big event in the
13. 0:271920s uh but but you have a lot of the
14. 0:31things that we we like today you have
15. 0:33this you you have this kind of this
16. 0:36modernism versus conservatism fight you
17. 0:39have economics economic growth like
18. 0:42crazy for a large portion of the the
19. 0:45population you have sports for the first
20. 0:48time becoming a major major deal Babe
21. 0:50Ruth in the 1920s was a major sports
22. 0:52icon right you have the radio
23. 0:54transmitting stff the radio was made for
24. 0:56baseball right I mean it's such an
25. 0:59important way to transmit baseball it's
26. 1:02just it's just it's a perfect thing for
27. 1:04baseball and so you you you have movies
28. 1:06you have the talking movies I love the
29. 1:07movies my gosh I run to the movies to
30. 1:11flee my family okay so I've got kids now
31. 1:14I mean I've always had kids since they
32. 1:16were born but so my kids now are old
33. 1:18enough so where I can I can go to the
34. 1:19movies with them so this is great stuff
35. 1:22so this means now that no longer do I
36. 1:24have to go see Dory that fish that has a
37. 1:28bad memory I love Dory and I just can't
38. 1:30remember the name of the movie but I'm
39. 1:31not going to restart this video 12 times
40. 1:34I've seen
41. 1:35Frozen so much that I have started to
42. 1:39root for the villain really like I'm not
43. 1:41kidding because of a 5-year-old so just
44. 1:44the importance of movies and how
45. 1:45important movies are in just bringing
46. 1:48people together and by the way I don't
47. 1:49know if I'm going to talk about this in
48. 1:51class really until Modern Times And this
49. 1:53whole technological craziness where
50. 1:56where we all have entertainment at our
51. 1:57fingertips you wish you had real
52. 1:59entertain at your fingertips right
53. 2:02now but where you know there's a thous
54. 2:05400 script to dramas or whatever and you
55. 2:07know people AR going into the movies as
56. 2:08much these days I still love going to
57. 2:09the movies that's a way big tangent and
58. 2:13so the 1920s are really interesting so
59. 2:15with the 1920s you you also have uh this
60. 2:19this real fight between conservative
61. 2:21conservatism and modernism you have real
62. 2:24fears about changes that are happening
63. 2:28in the country you have 1920s the
64. 2:30Resurgence of the KKK it was it was an
65. 2:32organization in the 1920s that basically
66. 2:34hated everyone unless you were a was
67. 2:36white angle sex and Protestant they were
68. 2:38anti-catholic they continued to be anti-
69. 2:41African-American they they they fought
70. 2:43bootlegging and prohibition and birth
71. 2:45control this contined to be a racist
72. 2:47organization in the 1920s um you have uh
73. 2:51immigration quotas that keep actually
74. 2:53keep people out of the country you have
75. 2:57uh and you also have the rise of
76. 3:00fundamentalism and fundamental
77. 3:02fundamentalism now is kind of it's kind
78. 3:03of seen as a negative word but back then
79. 3:05there they were just seen as these
80. 3:06different fundamentals to the Christian
81. 3:08faith like fundamental beliefs like the
82. 3:10Virgin birth of Jesus from Mary uh the
83. 3:13return of SEC SEC the uh the return of
84. 3:17Christ right the
85. 3:19resurrection and so in in some ways
86. 3:21these were kind of like almost like
87. 3:23these different things people would
88. 3:25entrench Behind these different belief
89. 3:26systems because there were new beliefs
90. 3:28this is the age when
91. 3:31um uh Darwin and evolution was becoming
92. 3:35much more popular this is the age when
93. 3:37Freud tell me about your mother and his
94. 3:41whole ideas of sexual oppression were
95. 3:43were were becoming more open uh this is
96. 3:46the day and age when parents were losing
97. 3:48control of their kids with the
98. 3:51automobile right the automobile someone
99. 3:54you know okay my daughter I have a
100. 3:55daughter who has not yet started dating
101. 3:57but I already have my plan I've I've my
102. 4:00plan when the guy show up right to date
103. 4:02my daughter right I I will have my
104. 4:04certificate of ninja in one hand right
105. 4:08um and I don't know what else I'll be
106. 4:10doing something crazy I mean I'm really
107. 4:12it's
108. 4:14horrifying so the car represented
109. 4:17freedom for these adolescent so there's
110. 4:18all these different things going on so
111. 4:20the 1920s the the trial that really
112. 4:22symbolized this now this is kind of a
113. 4:24trial much to do of nothing it doesn't
114. 4:26have long-term consequences either way
115. 4:29but the trial symbolize this fight and
116. 4:32this is the Scopes trial in 1925 in
117. 4:34Dayton Ohio Dayton Dayton Tennessee not
118. 4:36Dayton Ohio dayon Tennessee that has to
119. 4:39do with the teaching of evolution in
120. 4:41public schools there's a interesting guy
121. 4:43named William there's an interesting guy
122. 4:44named William JS Bryan will James Bryan
123. 4:46has run for president three times and
124. 4:48lost he was a Secretary of State under
125. 4:50Wilson and he resigned because he was a
126. 4:53pacifist it is hard to be a pacifist
127. 4:55when you're a secretary of state because
128. 4:56you don't really have any options well
129. 4:59so you're going to take that territory
130. 5:01we're going to really be disappointed in
131. 5:04you if you do that like we're going to
132. 5:06be sad for you like what is you're if
133. 5:08you're a pacifist and you don't believe
134. 5:09in armed combat um and so but here he's
135. 5:14a he's a he's a strong believer is
136. 5:16William jings Bryan and William jings
137. 5:18Bryan uh he believed that Evolution you
138. 5:21should not teach in public schools and
139. 5:22his reasoning is interesting he said
140. 5:24that the most of the tax dollars and
141. 5:26again he's not doing this for the
142. 5:27country he's going state by state it's a
143. 5:29state state deals not federal state deal
144. 5:32most of the money is being spent by
145. 5:36taxpayers who are against this the vast
146. 5:38majority of the 1920s don't want
147. 5:39evolution in Tennessee and these
148. 5:41Southern States so if the taxpayers are
149. 5:44funding these schools and most of them
150. 5:46don't want this then they shouldn't be
151. 5:48allowed to do this he also said this is
152. 5:50interesting make it illegal but don't
153. 5:52enforce it just put it on the books it
154. 5:54was more of a of a of of a symbol than
155. 5:56anything however Tennessee puts
156. 5:58enforcement to it they make it illegal
157. 6:01and they enforce it right they're going
158. 6:02to enforce it I think it's a $100 fine
159. 6:05which pretty good fine even today $100
160. 6:07fine I would be happy with um that's
161. 6:09what my daughter daily findes me with
162. 6:11just for being her dad hey dad I need
163. 6:13more money for
164. 6:15this I'll be right back okay so you have
165. 6:18this going on here and so basically the
166. 6:22ACLU actually advertised for for this to
167. 6:25be broken so the trial Could Happen
168. 6:27Dayton Tennessee feares it's being
169. 6:29passed Fierce is being bypassed
170. 6:31industrially so you have these important
171. 6:34leaders in Dayton get together and they
172. 6:35say hey why don't
173. 6:37we have this trial in our town let's get
174. 6:40John Scopes popular teacher uh to teach
175. 6:44this and so Scopes EV was playing tennis
176. 6:46they said hey Scopes would you would you
177. 6:47do this Scopes this year whatever guys
178. 6:49and so they decided to do this so again
179. 6:51the whole trial it's not like this oh
180. 6:53I've going to fight this evil Evolution
181. 6:55the trial was like Hey if the trial's
182. 6:57going to happen
183. 7:00why not here in day and so Scopes is
184. 7:04arrested there are questions whether or
185. 7:06not he even broke the law he's
186. 7:07immedately
187. 7:08released um and income two really
188. 7:11high-profile individuals the guy who's
189. 7:13going to prosecute Scopes is none other
190. 7:15than William Jennings Bryan who feels
191. 7:17compelled to do this even though he
192. 7:18didn't want this to happen he feels
193. 7:19compelled to use this as a platform to
194. 7:23fight Evolution the guy who going to
195. 7:25really and there's more than one guy but
196. 7:26these are the principal individuals the
197. 7:28guy that's going to F scop there a guy
198. 7:30named Clarence darl darl is one of the
199. 7:32biggest lawyers of the day and age now
200. 7:34we don't really have famous lawyers
201. 7:36today right if I said who is the most
202. 7:38famous lawyer today unless you're
203. 7:41watching afternoon television between
204. 7:43Judge Judy you with judge the
205. 7:45commercials and Judge Judy you're not
206. 7:46going to really know a lawyer a famous
207. 7:49nationally known lawyer um and today in
208. 7:5420 whatever I'm not going to tell the
209. 7:56year so I can reuse this video down line
210. 8:00so so basically uh they
211. 8:04don't so it's clear and sterile very
212. 8:06popular very famous lawyer so he's gonna
213. 8:09defense d darl by the way is is is an
214. 8:11atheist he his dad is an atheist they
215. 8:14he'd ask questions about Christianity
216. 8:16for a long period of time so again you
217. 8:18have these two forces and this the radio
218. 8:20is there this becomes a major major
219. 8:23event in 1925 and it kind of backfired
220. 8:26for Dayton they kind of got some
221. 8:28negative press treatment with get
222. 8:29backfired on them now it doesn't
223. 8:31backfire I think every summer Dayton
224. 8:33reenacts a trial and I plan on one
225. 8:35summer taking my family there buying
226. 8:37Dayton stuff staying in Dayton hotels
227. 8:40eating at Dayton restaurants so
228. 8:43hey it's a winner for those guys so they
229. 8:46have this trial and and everyone is
230. 8:49expecting these fireworks but they're
231. 8:50doing two different things so William J
232. 8:52bran is like pushing this whole of
233. 8:56majoritarianism uh darl wants to
234. 8:58litigate evolution
235. 9:01and this really not meeting in fact
236. 9:04William jings Bryan is is Def fiding
237. 9:06every single expert that Daryl wants to
238. 9:09bring so some of the press get so tired
239. 9:12of this whole mess they decide to leave
240. 9:13and then Daryl does
241. 9:15something I think it's crazy he decides
242. 9:18to make William Jennings Bryant one of
243. 9:20his leading Witnesses so think about
244. 9:22this the prosecution the prosecuting
245. 9:25attorney is going to be a lead witness
246. 9:28for the defense that is crazy they have
247. 9:31this this interaction
248. 9:33outside um and in fact one of the videos
249. 9:35I'm want to also put up is just a kind
250. 9:37of a short documentary of It kind of
251. 9:39it's gonna explain it better than I can
252. 9:40but I'm G to try to explain it anyway so
253. 9:43the outside is hot so it's super hot
254. 9:45it's the summertime they were afraid the
255. 9:46floor might cave in in the courthouse
256. 9:48there so they're outside there and Daryl
257. 9:50begins to question Williamton bran but
258. 9:52instead of questioning him on Evolution
259. 9:54he begins to question him on the
260. 9:56specifics in the Bible did did Jonah
261. 9:59really get swallowed by that well did
262. 10:01this did the the son really stop with
263. 10:04for Joshua basically these questions
264. 10:07again they weren't no questions like if
265. 10:10you you're a Christian you've heard
266. 10:11these questions forever right and it
267. 10:15came down to what what Daryl was trying
268. 10:17to do is how do you interpret scripture
269. 10:20how literal are you with the
270. 10:22interpretation of scripture and at one
271. 10:23point William Jennings Bryan This is in
272. 10:25your phoner text at one point William
273. 10:27Jennings Bryan says 24 hours it's not
274. 10:31necessarily he basically says that the
275. 10:34that the day and night is not
276. 10:36necessarily 24 hours so basically this
277. 10:38kind of plays into the hands of Daryl
278. 10:40saying if you can interpret that can't
279. 10:42you interpret scripture to allow
280. 10:44Evolution it's it was this major fight
281. 10:47the radio is carrying it you have the
282. 10:49people in the crowd rooting for Williams
283. 10:50Bryant you have the people listening on
284. 10:52the radio who knows who they were
285. 10:55cheering for at the end they stopped
286. 10:57this whole thing and at the end of the
287. 10:59day
288. 11:00so that's one thing the second thing
289. 11:01that happens in this trial William jings
290. 11:03Bryan has been working and working on
291. 11:04his final argument like the last thing
292. 11:07he's gonna say so he probably knew he
293. 11:09was wise he was over 80 years old he's a
294. 11:11politician he probably knew that he
295. 11:12maybe maybe didn't do the as good
296. 11:14because he was totally taken by surprise
297. 11:16he was ambushed by Daryl on understand
298. 11:19he wants to give this
299. 11:22last basically summary against Evolution
300. 11:27but in the Tennessee court at the time
301. 11:29if the def if the uh defense didn't use
302. 11:32their final argument then the
303. 11:33prosecution can use it so when the judge
304. 11:35says final arguments Daryl says the
305. 11:37defense attorney says no final arguments
306. 11:39so that means William Jennings Bryant
307. 11:41can't give his final arguments in the
308. 11:42court at the end of the day Scopes is
309. 11:44still found guilty find $100 someone
310. 11:47pays it for him this goes to the
311. 11:48Tennessee state supreme court thrown out
312. 11:50on their technicality Tennessee did not
313. 11:51want this to go to the Supreme Court
314. 11:53Tennessee was not looking for negative
315. 11:55press about a week after this so William
316. 11:58jings Bryan would go to church pulpits
317. 12:00and preach on Sundays and he goes and
318. 12:03preaches eats a big lunch basically the
319. 12:06Sunday that I have if I could have a
320. 12:08perfect Sunday except for what happens
321. 12:10to him go to church right eat a big
322. 12:12lunch and then take a nap and William
323. 12:14Jennings bran dies in The
324. 12:16Sleep uh after just this happens one of
325. 12:19the critics of this whole thing and
326. 12:21especially one of the critics of William
327. 12:22jix Bryan says God threw a thunderbolt
328. 12:25and missed Darrow and hit Brian ACD
329. 12:27accidentally now at the end of the day
330. 12:29not a lot of things Chang 1920s 1930s
331. 12:311940s really you don't see a lot of
332. 12:33litigation about teaching evolution this
333. 12:35doesn't become a big deal until the
334. 12:361960s obviously it's a bigger deal now
335. 12:39in different places it's kind of
336. 12:40different the ability to teach
337. 12:42creationism intelligent design in some
338. 12:44schools is it's but again it's what the
339. 12:47trial
340. 12:48symbolized not what it did if that makes
341. 12:51sense the trial was a tremendous symbol
342. 12:54of these two converging forces and the
343. 12:57discomfort as Society was changing uh in
344. 13:00the 1920s so that is a scop Scopes trial