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Rise & Consolidation of British Power in India | బ్రిటిష్ ఆధిపత్యం | APPSC Group 1 & Group 2 History — Transcript

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0:02Hi friends, welcome to Warrior Choice
0:04Academy APSC Group Prelims Complete
0:06Revision Series, we have uploaded
0:07videos on our YouTube channel
0:09explaining the sub-topics in Indian
0:11History so far. In this video, the next
0:19topic is Rise and Consolidation of
0:21British Power in India, which means
0:23that if we look at the topics mentioned
0:25in the syllabus, we are explaining each
0:27sub-topic from an exam point of view.
0:37That is, the rise and consolidation of
0:39British power in India, changes in the
0:41administrative, social and cultural
0:43sectors, this is the same topic as in
0:45our syllabus copy. In this, how did the
0:53British invade each region in India? In
1:00Bengal, Mysore, Punjab, Sindh, how did
1:02they invade these regions? What changes
1:07were introduced in terms of
1:09administration and society in this
1:10video? Let us explain the topics in
1:13this video. Those who are watching our
1:15YouTube channel for the first time,
1:16please subscribe to our YouTube channel
1:18. Similarly, we have a quick revision
1:25of each topic in the syllabus, its
1:27sub-topics, from an exam point of view,
1:29where we can ask questions about the
1:31focus areas, and after each topic is
1:33over, we are uploading videos with MCQs
1:35and explanations. If anyone has not
1:43subscribed to our YouTube channel, I
1:44would like to inform you friends that
1:46they should subscribe. Okay, look, here
1:52we see the Rise and Consolidation of
1:55British Power in India in Modern
1:56History. This is a topic mentioned in
2:03the syllabus. How did the rise and
2:07consolidation of British power in India
2:09affect the social and cultural sectors?
2:16We have been explaining about the 1850
2:1957 Sepoy Mutiny and the Karnataka Wars
2:21in the previous class. In this video,
2:28we are going to tell you how the
2:30British Empire was established in India
2:31and how they came to occupy each region
2:33. Okay, look, the British rule in India
2:47did not come all at once. The East
2:54India Company, which first came as a
2:56commercial company, gradually expanded
2:58its power in India through military,
3:00political, diplomatic and economic
3:02means. First, we have Captain Hippon
3:09arriving in the court of Jahangir when
3:11Jahangir was the Mughal king on a ship
3:14called Globe; then we have Sir Thomas
3:16Roe arriving, and the East India
3:17Company was formed on December 31, 1600
3:20as a commercial company; then after the
3:29other Europeans, the Portuguese and the
3:31Dutch sent them, finally we have talked
3:33about the wars that took place on
3:35Indian territory between the French and
3:37the English, the Anglo, Carnatic Wars,
3:39and the Carnatic Wars. After that, the
3:46main thing is that the British Empire
3:49was established in India, that is, the
3:51Battle of Plassey took place in Bengal
3:53on June 23, 1757. If we look carefully
4:04here, the Battle of Plassey takes place
4:06between Siraj-ud-Daulah and Robert
4:17Clive. Robert Clive, we have already
4:22mentioned the Arcot Feud. In this
4:25Battle of Plassey, the last independent
4:28Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah, the
4:30last ruler of Bengal, is defeated.
4:34After his defeat, he is exiled. The
4:39victory achieved through this battle
4:41laid the foundation for the
4:42establishment of the British Empire in
4:44India, that is, establishing the empire
4:46means that they are the ones who
4:48appoint and remove the Nawabs, and then
4:49occupying each area in a different way.
4:55After that, the battle that
4:56strengthened the British Empire in
4:58India is the Battle of Buxar. This
5:01Battle of Buxar was fought between Mir
5:03Kasim Shuja Uddavala II. If all of them
5:06were an alliance and the British were
5:08an alliance, the British would win. The
5:10outcome of this battle completely
5:14strengthened the British Empire in
5:16India. Then in 1765, the Treaty of
5:23Allahabad was signed, and for the first
5:25time, they got civil rights, which
5:27means they got the power to collect
5:29taxes from our land. In this way, they
5:37occupied each area in a different way.
5:42First of all, Bengal was the only one.
5:48If we look at it, the British, who came
5:50as a trading company, took advantage of
5:52the local conditions and established a
5:54strong empire. Since we did not have a
6:00strong king, they took advantage of
6:02that opportunity and established a
6:04kingdom. Okay, look, especially trade,
6:09military victory, political dominance,
6:11territorial conquest, this is how the
6:13establishment of their empire happened.
6:17The Battle of Plassey is very important
6:19for us. In 1757, the British first
6:25established an empire in Bengal. The
6:32main reason for all this is that
6:34Aurangzeb died in all places. In 1707,
6:38Aurangzeb was a strong Mughal king. He
6:42was not a 21-year-old. After his death,
6:45the remaining local areas declared
6:47their independence. Murshid Puli Khan,
6:55Murshid Khan, established independence
6:57in Bengal and established a region
6:59called Murshidabad. After that,
7:08Alivardi Khan, Alivardi Khan's
7:10son-in-law Sirajuddaula, Sirajuddaula,
7:12the last independent Nawab of Bengal.
7:18Bengal means not only the present-day
7:20West Bengal, but also a very large area
7:22, West Bengal, West Bengal, Bihar and
7:31Orissa. We call all these areas Bengal.
7:38Okay, what will Sirajuddaula do?
7:43Sirajuddaula will attack the English,
7:45that is, when Sirajuddaula is here, we
7:47will have the Third Anglo-Carnatic War.
7:52The Third Anglo-Carnatic War will take
7:55place from 1756 to 63 due to this
7:57seven-year period. At that time, the
8:03French in Bengal had Chandranagore,
8:05Chandranagore, Kashi Bazar, Calcutta,
8:07and these areas, and they were building
8:09defensive walls to prevent attacks on
8:11those areas. When they were building
8:19defensive walls in his territory, he
8:21got angry and said, "Who is building
8:23defensive walls?" Sirajuddaula said in
8:26Udham. After Sirajuddaula said in Udham
8:28, the French listened to him but the
8:30British did not listen. When he did not
8:33listen, he got angry with Sirajuddola.
8:35The British started a fight. The fight
8:37became worse than that. On June 20,
8:421756, at that time, 1756, the Calcutta
8:46Dark Room Incident. What is the
8:58Calcutta Dark Room Incident? The
9:02Calcutta Dark Room Incident is a story
9:04about a British man named Halwell who
9:07says that if he imprisoned all the
9:09British, about 146 people, in a small
9:11room measuring 18 x 10 x 14, only 23 of
9:14them survived. That is, he locked 146
9:22British people in a small room, out of
9:28which only 23 survived. This is called
9:31the Calcutta Dark Room Incident. After
9:34that, the treaty of Ali Sagar was
9:36signed between Sirajuddola and the
9:38English, and Calcutta was named Ali
9:40Sagar. All these things happened. In
9:46the context of all these conflicts,
9:48these disputes and quarrels between
9:50Siraj-ud-Daulah and the English, the
9:52Battle of Plassey was fought on June 23
9:54, 1757. The Battle of Plassey was
9:57fought between Robert Clive and
9:58Siraj-ud-Daulah. Look, the date is
10:05important to us: Where did it take
10:07place on June 23, 1757? Plassey in
10:11Bengal. Robert Clive, the Nawab of
10:16Bengal, represented the British. There
10:22were conflicts especially over the
10:24Company's abuse of commercial rights,
10:26strengthening of forts, political
10:27interference of the Company, and
10:29differences between Siraj-ud-Daulah and
10:31the Company. It would have been better
10:35if the Company had looked only at
10:36business; what happened to the Company?
10:38It became politically involved.
10:40Siraj-ud-Daulah was defeated in this
10:43war. Siraj-ud-Daulah's general, then
10:48his president Mir Jafar, betrayed his
10:50trust and as a result, he was defeated.
10:56If Mir Jafar's son Miran captures
10:58Sirajuddo and hands him over to the
11:00British, Sirajuddo will also be exiled.
11:04Okay, then Mir Jafar is appointed as
11:06the pro-British Nawab. Mir Jafar, Mir
11:10Jafar is succeeded by Mir Qasim. See,
11:14through the Battle of Plassey, the
11:16British became the decisive force in
11:18the political affairs of Bengal. That
11:22is, to the point of removing a Nawab
11:23and appointing a Nawab, to the point of
11:25changing the Nawab, from intervention
11:27to domination, the battle that laid the
11:29foundation for the establishment of the
11:31British Empire in India is the Battle
11:33of Plassey. Then the Battle of Buxar,
11:36which is also important for us. Date:
11:38October 22, 1764 This took place in a
11:41place called Buxar. British leader
11:45Hector Monroe, this alliance is also
11:47very important. Look at what will
11:50happen, Siraj Uddaula, this Siraj
12:04Uddaula will die, after his death, Mir
12:07Jafar will come, Mir Jafar will be
12:09replaced by Mir Qasim, the removal of
12:11Mir Jafar is called the 1760 revolution
12:13, Mir Jafar will be removed and Mir
12:16Qasim will be replaced. This Mir Qasim
12:24is a capable ruler who thinks that the
12:26British should not interfere in his
12:28rule, he also changes his capital from
12:30Murshidabad to Manghir. Who is Mir
12:35Qasim, what will he do after that, he
12:37will give a statement that none of the
12:39Bengal traders need to pay taxes. The
12:43English will be angry with that
12:45statement, what are the English, only
12:47the British should not pay taxes,
12:48English traders think, but what will he
12:50do, he will say that everyone does not
12:52need to pay taxes. As a result, they
12:58had their quarrels, he was defeated in
13:00small battles, after his defeat, Mir
13:02Kasim went to Awadh, in Awadh, he and
13:05Shuja ud-Daulah similarly formed an
13:07alliance with us, and in 1764, the
13:09Battle of Buxar took place. In this
13:14battle, the British again won. This is
13:17also very important. Who participated?
13:26British leader Hector Monroe Mir Kasim
13:28from Bengal against the British Mir
13:30Kasim Nawab of Awadh Suja ud-Daulah
13:33Mughal emperor then If we look at the
13:35Mughals, Aurangzeb died in 1707, after
13:38Aurangzeb died in 1707, those who ruled
13:40from 1707 to 1858 were the Mughals
13:42again, then in 1764, the second and
13:45third Shaham Mughal emperor, the
13:47British won this war. That is, if we
13:58look here, the Battle of Buxar and the
14:00Battle of Plassey laid the foundation
14:02for the British Empire, strengthened it
14:04and established their power even
14:05stronger. The Battle of Buxar was
14:12fought between Robert Clive and the
14:18Second Sultanate of Bengal. Through
14:23this, the Company got the civil rights
14:25of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. They got
14:31very important civil rights. They had
14:36the power to collect taxes for the
14:37first time. The Allahabad Treaty was a
14:43political event. The Battle of Buxar
14:48laid a strong foundation for political
14:50dominance. See also: Dual Government in
15:00Bengal After the Battle of Plassey,
15:02their dominance increased greatly and
15:04they brought dual rule in Bengal in
15:06India. It was introduced by Robert
15:16Clive and abolished by Warren Hastings.
15:20In this dual government, the income
15:47came to the company, but the
15:48responsibilities came to the Nizam
16:04Nawab, the Nawab of Bengal, the Nawab
16:23Next, we have talked about the Carnatic
16:25Wars in the previous class. These
16:28Anglo-Carnatic Wars were fought between
16:30the British and the French. Okay, the
16:35wars fought between the British and the
16:37French for supremacy in India ended
16:39with the First Carnatic War at Exla
16:40Chapel. The Second Carnatic War ended
16:48with the Treaty of Pondicherry. The
16:51Third Carnatic War ended with the
16:53Treaty of Paris. In this, the Battle of
16:56Vandiwash and the Battle of 100 Vasi
16:58took place. The French lost their
17:01influence after losing this Battle of
17:02Vandiwash. The Dutch were defeated in
17:05the Battle of Chinsurah Bedura in 1759.
17:08The French were defeated in the Battle
17:11of Vandiwash in 1760. Look at that. The
17:14Treaty of Paris dealt a severe blow to
17:20French political dominance in India.
17:26Next, if we look at the British
17:27struggle with Mysore, after the Mughals
17:29, the Wodeyar dynasty ruled Mysore and
17:31the Wodeyar in the Karnataka region.
17:38There was Krishnaraja Wodeyar in this
17:39Wodeyar. He had brothers, and those
17:44brothers used to rule. Haider Ali, who
17:50was only named, was a common soldier in
17:52it, and was the commander of a region
17:54called Dundigal, and with his amazing
17:56military skills, he occupied and ruled
17:58this region. This Haider Ali's son was
18:04Tipu Sultan. Who was the first
18:07nationalist, Tipu Sultan? Look around,
18:12Haider Ali was ruling the Mysore
18:14Kingdom. As Haider Ali gradually
18:28developed, differences arose between
18:29the British on one side, the Marathas
18:31on the other side, and the Nizams on
18:33the other side. Because Hyder Ali is
18:45developing well, he is developing and
18:47occupying small areas, so the British,
18:49Marathas and Nizam form an alliance
18:51against the Hyder Alis. Initially,
18:58Hyder Ali wins the first Anglo-Mysore
19:00war. In the second war, he wins the
19:04first but dies. In the middle, he falls
19:07ill. Then, when it comes to the third,
19:10Tipu Sultan comes. When it comes to the
19:14fourth, Tipu Sultan dies. Okay, look,
19:19Mysore is also an important obstacle to
19:21the British expansion. Hyder Ali, Tipu
19:27Sultan, First, First war, Second war,
19:30Third war, Four wars are fought in
19:33total, the first two wars are fought by
19:36Hyder Ali, then three, four by Tipu
19:38Sultan, the first is 1767 to 69, the
19:41second is 80 to 84, the third is 90 to
19:4492, the fourth is 1799, then Tipu
19:47Sultan dies. Okay, look at the Treaty
19:51of Madras, the Treaty of Mangalore, and
19:54then the Treaty of Srirangapatna. These
19:57are the treaties, they all come to us.
20:00In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, the
20:03Treaty of Srirangapatna, Srirangapatna,
20:06we have 1799. Tipu Sultan dies. With
20:10this, British dominance in South India
20:12was strengthened. Okay, next, if we
20:17look here, Tipu Sultan is a member of
20:19the French Jacobin Club. He is a
20:26nationalist, releases new coins and
20:28calendars, and he also launches rockets
20:30. He plants the Tree of Freedom in
20:36Srirangapatna. Okay, we have Tipu
20:38Sultan next. Wars with the Marathas.
20:41There were three major wars between the
20:43British and the Marathas. Anglo Maratha
20:47War First 75 to 82 Second Anglo Maratha
20:50War 1803 to 1805 Third Anglo Maratha
20:52War 1817 to 1880 After 1818, the
20:55Maratha political dominance was almost
20:57over and the British also emerged as
21:00the main political power in India.
21:07After that, the Subsidiary Alliance See
21:09the Military Cooperation System The
21:11military cooperation system means that
21:13the British provide an army and the
21:15king bears the cost of that army, that
21:17is, a region Now first we have the
21:18Nizam agreeing to the military
21:20cooperation agreement. When agreed, the
21:27responsibility of protecting the
21:29Nizam's territories goes to war with
21:31the Erewa, the British army comes to
21:32support the people who signed this
21:34agreement. That is the military
21:37cooperation system. Okay? That is, why
21:40do those who do it with the British,
21:41that is, the weapons, technology,
21:43discipline, skill that the British have
21:45, all these are why we give them an
21:47Arcot video? If there were only 500
21:49people, they had enough technology at
21:51that time to defeat even 10,000 people
21:53from that side. Therefore, the
21:57subsidiary alliance was mainly related
21:59to Lord Wellesley, the Indian king
22:01should keep the British army in his
22:03kingdom. Who should bear the cost of
22:08that army, the king should bear it.
22:11They should not have independent
22:12relations with other foreign powers,
22:14they should not make war or treaty
22:15without British permission. There was
22:18also a British resident in the kingdom.
22:21That is, depending on the circumstances
22:23at that time, they thought about the
22:24neighboring kingdoms. But we were not
22:28all united and wanted to drive them out
22:30first. That is, think of the Nizams who
22:33were next door, the Marathas who were
22:35next door, Karnataka who were next door
22:37...that is, they looked at this and
22:39that. They looked at their geographical
22:42area but did not think broadly. That is
22:45, if a military cooperation agreement
22:47is signed, what is the point here
22:49indirectly? We should not even have
22:52independent relations with other
22:54foreign powers, then we should not
22:55fight without British permission, we
22:57should not even make agreements, all
22:59these are there. What happened to the
23:03independence of the Indian princely
23:05states? It has gradually decreased.
23:08Okay, the next doctrine of succession.
23:14Look at how they annexed the area when
23:16there were no legitimate heirs.
23:23Basically, Lord Dalhousie's theory of
23:25succession is the theory of succession
23:27of the princely state, in which the
23:28British government in some cases did
23:30not recognize the adopted heir in the
23:32princely states where there was no
23:34natural heir. What was the first one
23:40taken? Satara. This is important for us
23:42. Appa Saheb dies, Appa Saheb has no
23:45children, no heirs on his behalf. Then
23:47this area is taken over. Then Jhansi
23:50and Nagpur are all these. We also think
23:53of Avadh, but Avadh is a misgovernment,
23:55the reason why the British Empire is a
23:57villain. Avadh was a villain in 1856
24:04due to the misgovernment, but not under
24:07the doctrine of lapse, the doctrine of
24:09lapse, Lord Dalhousie, next Punjab, if
24:12we look at Punjab, the Punjab region
24:14was a tribe, there were 12 tribes in it
24:16, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, he all came,
24:19the Anglo-Sikh wars took place, see,
24:21after the two Anglo-Sikh wars with the
24:23Sikhs, Punjab was annexed to the
24:25British Empire in 1849. When was Punjab
24:28, 1849, next British victory? What were
24:39the reasons for political reasons,
24:40military reasons, economic reasons,
24:42diplomatic reasons? There was no unity
24:45among the Indian states. The first
24:48point is whether we have unity or not.
24:51They were put in the context of the
24:52conditions in which we are. There are
24:54mutual differences. They have British
24:57diplomacy, modern weapons militarily.
25:01They have a trained army, efficient
25:03military leadership, if we lean the car
25:05in the Anglo-Mass wars, they will lead
25:07us in the fourth. Then economically,
25:11control over Bengal's income, economic
25:13strength as a commercial
25:14institution-all these are diplomatic
25:16reasons. Subsidy reliance, exploitation
25:19of differences between institutions-all
25:21these are now seen in administration.
25:23What changes have come to
25:24administration? The Regulating Act was
25:26brought (1773). Regulating means
25:28control. The Regulating Act was the
25:32first significant control that the
25:33British Parliament started over the
25:35administration of the company in India.
25:38What did it do in this? The Governor of
25:41Bengal was changed to the Governor
25:43General of Bengal. First, Warren
25:46Hastings 'Regulating Act, Charter Acts,
25:48Council Acts, all these came later. See
25:51the Supreme Court was established in
25:54Calcutta under the Act of 1753, and the
25:56Supreme Court was established in 1773
25:58under the Act of 74. The British
26:00Parliament's supervision over the
26:02administration of the company also
26:04increased. Pitt's India Act To examine
26:08the shortcomings in the regulating law,
26:10the then British Prime Minister Pitt
26:11brought the Pitt's India Act named
26:13after him. According to it, the Board
26:16of Control and the Court of Directors
26:18came into being. With the Board of
26:20Control, the British government's
26:22control over the political affairs of
26:23the company's commercial affairs was
26:25strengthened. Okay, the next charter
26:31acts we have are 1813, 1793, 1813, 33,
26:3453, all of them are charter acts. 1793,
26:421813, 1833, 1853, all of them are
26:48charters, meaning an agreement. After
26:50that, the Sepoy Mutiny of 18 took place
26:53. On November 1, 58, the Allahabad
26:54Proclamation, the Government of India
26:56Act. After that, we get the Council
26:59Acts. Since the Council is formed, we
27:02get the Council Acts. Minto Mala's
27:04reforms, the corruption of words, all
27:06these come to us in politics. Look, the
27:09Chapter Act of 1813 was a big blow to
27:12the company's commercial monopoly. The
27:18Company's monopoly on trade with India
27:20was largely abolished. However, the
27:23Company continued to have exclusive
27:25rights over the tea and China trade,
27:27which meant that the Company's monopoly
27:29was abolished. Except for tea and China
27:35trade, it paved the way for Christian
27:37missions to operate in India. A target
27:42was set for education per year. One
27:44lakh rupees per year was set for
27:46employment. When did the 33 Governor
27:48General of Bengal do? After the Charter
27:54Act of 1813, the Governor General of
27:56Bengal was changed to the Governor
27:57General of India. What does India mean?
28:05Not only Bengal, but also the rest of
28:06the country came under the Governor
28:08General of India. The Governor General
28:11of India was effectively established.
28:13The first Governor of India was Lord
28:15William Benting. William Benting
28:17completely put an end to the Company's
28:19commercial activities. The
28:21administration of India became more
28:23centralized. Legal reforms also came.
28:27After that, in 53, it was extended
28:29every 20 years, which led to its
28:31closure. There was some separation
28:34between legislative and non-legislative
28:36duties. An open competitive examination
28:38route was established in the civil
28:40service. Then came the Government of
28:46India Act of 1858, which was the first
28:48thing that happened, which ended the
28:50Company's rule. The administration of
28:54India came under the control of the
28:56Crown and we went under the British Raj
28:58. The post of Secretary of State for
29:03India was created. The Council of India
29:08was formed. The Governor General of
29:11India was also changed to Viceroy. When
29:13explaining what Viceroy is with the
29:15native princely states, it is called
29:17Viceroy. The first Viceroy was Lord
29:20Canning. Evolution of administrative
29:23institutions. Regulating Act. First
29:26Limitation Control. 84. 1784. Board of
29:29Control. 1813. A blow to monopoly.
29:321833. Governor General of India. 53.
29:35The way for competitive civil surgeons.
29:37Crown Rule. 1858. What changes came in
29:41the social field? Ban on Sati. Sati's
29:44association. 1829. Lord William brings
29:48a child. In 1829, the practice of Sati
29:52was legally banned. Raja Rammohan Roy
29:55also led a strong social culture for
29:57the abolition of Sati. Raja Rammohan
30:00Roy fought for the abolition of Sati.
30:04As a result, in 1829, William Bentong
30:07brought the Sati Prohibition Act. Okay
30:12Next Widow Remarriage Act 1856 Ishwar
30:19Chandra Vidyasagar prominently
30:21supported widow remarriage. Ishwar
30:34Chandra Vidyasagar passed the Hindu
30:36Widows Remarriage Act in 1856. Later,
30:38female infanticide was banned, if we
30:41look at it, if the fetus in the womb is
30:43known to be female, it means killing it
30:45, removing it. The British government
30:52has been taking legal steps at various
30:53times to stop female infanticide. Later
30:55, Western education was brought in. Due
30:57to that, we have increased knowledge.
30:59All these come in minutes. Logical
31:01thinking, individual freedom buildings,
31:03the concept of equality, casteist ideas
31:05, foundational writings, all these are
31:07known to us. Macaulay's Minute. This is
31:10very important to us, like the Magna
31:11Cata of the education system. We have
31:14one in English, Wood's Dispatch, see
31:17Macaulay's Minute. In 1835, 1835, he
31:21supported the policy of giving priority
31:24to Western education, especially
31:26English education. The expansion of
31:30English education, the introduction of
31:32Western knowledge, the emergence of a
31:34new educated middle class. Then came
31:36Wood's Dispatch (the year 1854 is also
31:39important). Wood's Dispatch is an
31:43important document in the development
31:45of the modern education system in India
31:47. Wood's Dispatch is English. It is
31:53often called the Magna Cata of English
31:55Education in India. What did Wood's
32:00Dispatch do in this? Establishment of
32:03educational departments, encouragement
32:05of the establishment of universities,
32:07organized education from primary to
32:09higher education, and encouragement of
32:11women's education. Woods Dispatch also
32:13gave importance to women's education.
32:15See above. Later, social reform
32:18movements took place. Among them were
32:20Raja Rammohan Roy (abolition of Sati,
32:23Brahma Samaj), Ishwar Chandra
32:24Vidyasagar (Vitanta) Premarital
32:26Marriage, Swami Dayananda Saraswati (
32:29Arya Samaj), Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (
32:31modern Muslim education), Jyotirao
32:33Phule (caste education, social equality
32:35). We will explain each of them clearly
32:38in the next video. In their social
32:43reform movements, the next printing
32:44machine and newspapers came. The
32:48printing press, John Gutenberg's
32:49printing press, newspapers increased,
32:51the spread of ideas accelerated,
32:53support for social reform increased,
32:55and political consciousness also
32:57increased. The concept of ethnicity
32:59expanded. The modern press sector has
33:04increased socio-political consciousness
33:06, especially if we look at the Samvad
33:09Kaumudi magazine, whose name is
33:10Rajaramohan Roy, Samvad Kaumudi,
33:12Mirat-ul-Akbar, this is also
33:14Rajaramohan Roy, Kesari, Balgangadhar
33:16Tilak's magazine, this is Kesari. The
33:21Hindu nationalist movement played an
33:23important role in the formation of the
33:25Hindu nationalist movement. The Hindu
33:27railway system also came into being.
33:30Railways increased connectivity. In
33:351853, the first animal train in India,
33:37Bombay to Thane, was started for the
33:39transport of soldiers, for raw
33:41materials, for market connectivity, for
33:43administrative control, all these were
33:45started with the intention of the
33:47British, but especially for regional
33:49connectivity, for the leaders of
33:50nationalist thought to move from one
33:52region to another. Connectivity also
33:58helped to increase. The telegraph was
34:01created. The telegraph also had its
34:03uses. Later, courts were formed. Indian
34:06Penal Code, IPC, CPC, and CRPC systems
34:10came. Overall, if we think positively,
34:13modern education came. Western
34:16knowledge came to us. Printing culture
34:18came. Railways came. The telegraph
34:21became a demon for social reform
34:22movements. These indirectly contributed
34:25to national consciousness. What is
34:26negative? All these were set up and our
34:30resources were diverted. Economic
34:33exploitation took place. Traditional
34:36industries declined, high pressure on
34:38agriculture, export of raw materials,
34:40expansion of the market for British
34:42goods, use of infrastructure in line
34:44with the interests of colonial rule,
34:46and use of social division politically;
34:48all these are also negative shades. If
34:54we look later, the laws we mentioned
34:55are important from the exam point of
34:57view. Now, look at the MCQ from the
35:01topics we mentioned. Battle of Plassey
35:04(June 23, 1757): Between Robert Clive
35:07and Sirajuddo. Robert Clive's victory,
35:11Sirajuddin's death. Plassey laid the
35:13foundation for the establishment of the
35:15British Empire in India. Battle of
35:18Buxar (1764): Mir Kasim, Sujauddin,
35:23Second Shah were all in an alliance;
35:26British, Hector Munro. He would win,
35:29British. Who were the British against
35:33in the next Battle of Buxar? None. You
35:36have Kasim, Sujad, Shah, Sirajuddin (
35:39then he died). When did the Bengal
35:42Diwani rights come to the Company?
35:44Diwani rights came after the Treaty of
35:47Allahabad in 1765. Who introduced the
35:49dual government in 1765? Dual
35:52government was introduced by Robert
35:54Clive. It was abolished by Warren
35:57Hastings. Subsidiary Alliance
36:05Subsidiary Alliance is the name of Lord
36:08Welly Docton of Laps Laps is the reason
36:10why Dalhousie made Avadh a will in 1856
36:12Avadh Avadh is a misgovernment due to
36:14which war is the defeat of Next Tipu
36:17Sultan related to 1799 i.e. the Fourth
36:19Anglo Mysore War Next What happened
36:21after the end of the Third Anglo
36:23Maratha War What happened i.e. British
36:25rule expanded after the Maratha Wars
36:27Regulating Act 1773 Pitts India Act If
36:38we look at this Pitts India Act 1784
36:40Board of Control was formed. What is
36:45the main result of the Charter Act 1833
36:47i.e. the post of Governor General of
36:48India was brought in. Okay Next India
36:57who is William Benting The main result
36:59of the Government of India Act 1858
37:01According to the 1858 Act, the
37:03Company's rule ended and the Crown
37:05administration began, the British did
37:07not come to power. India's first
37:12Viceroy Lord Canning Lord Canning Who
37:14banned the practice of Sati in 1829?
37:20William Benting Widows Remarriage Act
37:23Esu Chanda Vidyasagar Lord Dalhousie OK
37:251856 Remember the Macaulay Minute.
37:31Macaulay Minute came in 1835, Wood's
37:34Dispatch 1854 1835 Macaulay Minute,
37:37Wood's Dispatch 1854 Those two are
37:40important to us. On which route did the
37:44first passenger train run in India?
37:46Bombay Baita Taane (1853). If we look
37:49at the correct pair, Wellesley: Dock of
37:52Laps. No Dock of Laps not Dalhousie
37:55Subsidies not William Benting Sati
37:57Avyashan Sati cohabitation ban happened
37:59during William Benting's time. Next,
38:02what is Wood's Dispatch commonly called
38:04? Magna Cata of Indian Education System
38:07. Woods Dispatch is like Magna Cat in
38:10Indian education system. Why were
38:12railways and telegraphs developed
38:14mainly during British rule? Why were
38:16they developed? They were not for
38:18tourism, but for military and
38:19administrative control. S, Answer B. 24
38:23B: Which of the following is correct?
38:28Battle of Buxar. Look, what did these
38:32four give? Battle of Plassey (June 23,
38:381857), First Plassey, then Buxar in
38:411764, Diwani rights (Treaty of
38:44Allahabad 1765) and then Crown Rule.
38:52Crown Rule is 1858. We have to look at
38:57this from this perspective. Before
38:59Buxar it was not. Plassey (C) Parasi,
39:0257 Adar Buxar (64), Diwani (65). S,
39:06This is correct. B for 25th. Okay, we
39:14have explained the important points in
39:16the exam point of view chapter wise
39:18behind each one, the topic related to
39:19this from each sub-topic in the exam
39:21point of view. Those who are watching
39:29our YouTube channel for the first time,
39:31subscribe to our YouTube channel, then
39:33keep a copy of the syllabus close while
39:35you study and if we study the points in
39:37the syllabus first according to the
39:38next syllabus topic, we will have a
39:40chance to score more marks. In the next
39:46class, we will explain the topic of "
39:48Social and Religious Reform Moments in
39:50the 19th and 20th Century"-how the
39:52social and cultural movements were in
39:54India in the 19th and 20th centuries.
39:58Those who are watching our YouTube
39:59channel for the first time, subscribe
40:01to our YouTube channel in the same way.
40:03Similarly, all the topics mentioned so
40:05far are also in the playlist, check
40:07them out too. Thank you, thank you very
40:10much.

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