¿Qué es el ROMANTICISMO? literatura, música, pintura y arquitectura — Transcript

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1. 0:00Romanticism was an artistic and cultural movement that emerged at the end of the 18th century
2. 0:04in Europe and lasted for most of the 19th century. During this period,
3. 0:10artists and writers looked to the natural world and popular cultures for inspiration,
4. 0:15rather than ancient Greek and Roman wisdom. Romanticism manifested itself in a variety of
5. 0:21disciplines, including literature, architecture, music, and theater.
6. 0:26The main themes addressed by the romantics were nature, love,
7. 0:31death, freedom and revolution. They often explored darker themes, such as
8. 0:37madness and death, and sought to establish a more emotional bond with the audience.
9. 0:41It was characterized by a greater importance given to the individual, subjectivity and feelings,
10. 0:47as well as a reaction against the neoclassicism and rationality that prevailed at that time.
11. 0:55The romantics believed that true human experiences could not be
12. 0:59fully explained by reason, but also required imagination and feelings.
13. 1:06Origin and historical and social context of Romanticism
14. 1:09Romanticism developed in Europe as a response to the Industrial Revolution, which had
15. 1:15caused disappointment in some circles, who viewed the values ​​of the Enlightenment,
16. 1:20related to permanent rationalization, with despair. It arose from the 18th century, after
17. 1:27the French Revolution of 1789, at a time of important social and
18. 1:32cultural changes in Europe, which also influenced other regions of the world.
19. 1:36Based on the revolutionary ideals of freedom, fraternity and equality, the
20. 1:42romantic movement originally sought to highlight the deepest emotions and the irrational world.
21. 1:47In the environment of the time, various ideologies clashed: the absolutist, which refuses to
22. 1:54disappear; the Enlightenment, based on the ideas of the French Revolution; and Romanticism,
23. 1:59with a reaction to the two previous ones. Nationalist ideas began to develop
24. 2:05based on the idea of ​​the "spirit of the people", especially in central Europe,
25. 2:09which was fed by almost mythological sources, from a glorious past.
26. 2:13Characteristics of Romanticism Interest in ordinary human beings
27. 2:20and in their childhood, beyond their positions or their political weight in a historical context.
28. 2:26Deep sense of emotions, individual ideas and feelings of artists.
29. 2:32Amazement at nature and interest in reflecting the sublime nature of natural phenomena, focusing
30. 2:38not only on their beauty, but also on their possibility of devastation and their magnitude.
31. 2:43In opposition to neoclassicism, Romanticism highlighted freedom as a rebellion against
32. 2:51established rules. Freedom was the ideal and the beginning of the romantic movement.
33. 2:57Elements such as imagination, mystery and passions became
34. 3:02central motors of artistic creation. The themes explored were
35. 3:06extremely varied, including landscapes, religious themes, revolutionary ideals, and
36. 3:12non-traditional approaches to beauty. The guide for much of the
37. 3:19romantic creations was the state of mind of the artist or creator.
38. 3:24Themes of Romanticism Revolution and Democracy:
39. 3:28The motto of the French Revolution became a theme of its own for Romanticism,
40. 3:33and became a political ideal for many Romantic artists.
41. 3:39The power of imagination: the individual personality was essential for the
42. 3:44romantic creators, who turned to go beyond the traditional limits,
43. 3:47imagining and describing different ways to cross the known borders.
44. 3:54Nature: various authors turned to contemplate nature, redirecting
45. 4:00the emotions they felt, during this observation exercise, towards their creations.
46. 4:05Rejection of traditional religious beliefs: different romantic artists spoke out
47. 4:12against the most entrenched religious traditions, and, in contrast, sought to recover the
48. 4:17natural links with their own environment. Human nature: in writing
49. 4:23much was said about the qualities of humans and the goodness that dwells in each person,
50. 4:27reflecting optimistically on the nature of humanity.
51. 4:33Romanticism in literature The literary romantic movement continues
52. 4:38to influence writers to this day, and was characterized by its focus on individuals,
53. 4:43with a unique perspective on each character, guided by impulses, emotions, and feelings.
54. 4:49It can be considered that it was a way of reacting to the social changes that
55. 4:54were taking place at that time, including the French and American revolutions,
56. 4:58which gave way to democratic governments. It spanned from roughly 1750 to 1850,
57. 5:06and its premise was to celebrate nature, revolutionary ideals, and a
58. 5:12personal perspective on creation, involving individual ideas and experimenting with pain,
59. 5:17melancholy, and isolation. Representatives of romantic literature
60. 5:24Emily Brontë (1818-1848): novelist and poet, author of the famous novel Wuthering Heights,
61. 5:33full of imagination, passion and hatred, which is set in the moors of Yorkshire,
62. 5:38a county in the north of England. Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849): short story writer,
63. 5:46poet, critic, and publisher, renowned for his macabre and suspenseful stories. The
64. 5:52modern detective novel began with his story The Murders of the Rue Morgue, from 1814.
65. 5:59Mary W. Shelley (1797-1851): writer and playwright, author of the famous novel
66. 6:08Frankenstein or the modern Prometheus, considered the first science fiction story , thus inaugurating
67. 6:14a new genre in fiction literature. Victor Hugo (1802-1885): poet, novelist and
68. 6:23playwright, considered one of the most important romantic French authors. He is
69. 6:28recognized worldwide for his novel Les Miserables.
70. 6:32Jane Austen (1775-1817): English writer who endowed the novel with a modern character, by
71. 6:41portraying ordinary people in a different way. One of his best known books is Pride and Prejudice.
72. 6:48Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870): is one of the most popular French authors. He dabbled in
73. 6:56dramaturgy, the historical novel and fiction. Two of his most famous works are The Count of
74. 7:02Monte Cristo and The Three Musketeers. Romanticism in music
75. 7:07The composers of the romantic period understood music as a means of individual expression,
76. 7:13where emotions could be given free rein. For them, through musical pieces, it
77. 7:18was possible to express the full range of emotions present in humanity.
78. 7:22They expected their works to connect deeply with the audience and, for this,
79. 7:27they told stories that could have an impact, prioritizing emotional and narrative content,
80. 7:32above form or technique. Many of the rules
81. 7:36established by classical composers were broken, although this did not mean a rejection of the
82. 7:41canons of classicism, rather they used them as a basis for new proposals.
83. 7:46Representatives of romantic music Richard Wagner (1813-1833): German composer
84. 7:54and theorist who had a great influence on Western music. Among his main
85. 7:59works are The Flying Dutchman, from 1843, Tannhäusser, from 1845, and Tristan and Isolde, from 1865.
86. 8:11Giussepe Verdi (1813-1901): is one of the
87. 8:17most outstanding Italian opera composers. His works include Rigoletto,
88. 8:22from 1851, La traviata, from 1853, Aida, from 1871 and Requiem Mass, from 1874.
89. 8:32Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849): French-Polish composer and pianist, known for his
90. 8:41solo piano pieces . Many of his works are rather brief and with them he achieved great recognition.
91. 8:48Romanticism in painting For romantic painters,
92. 8:52the role of the artist should be active and never passive, that is,
93. 8:56they did not focus solely on painting what was in front of them, but also on turning
94. 9:01towards themselves and turning to their own creation. He does not deny the existence of an objective reality,
95. 9:07but affirms that this reality can only be described subjectively,
96. 9:11taking into account the individual position of each person, so the answers that
97. 9:16art can give are always imaginative and personal. There was a great receptivity to feelings,
98. 9:22without neglecting reason, since rationality was simply sought to be a tool
99. 9:28for regulating emotions, and not to become a single perspective of action.
100. 9:34Romantic representatives of painting Théodore Géricault (1791-1824): French painter
101. 9:42and lithographer who painted the famous work The Raft of the Medusa in oil on canvas
102. 9:48in 1819. He is considered one of the pioneers of the Romantic movement.
103. 9:55Eugéne Delacroix (1798-1863): French artist who was a leader of the
104. 10:03romantic movement in his country. He was inspired by the art of Rubens, a Baroque painter.
105. 10:08One of her most famous paintings is Liberty Leading the People, from 1830.
106. 10:15Élisabeth Louise Vigée-LeBrun (1755-1842): French painter who was one of the
107. 10:24most sought-after portrait painters of her day. Currently, his work can be found in
108. 10:28different international museums. His portrait of Marie Antoinette, from 1783, stands out.
109. 10:35Francisco de Goya (1746-1828): Spanish painter and engraver, who made easel, mural and drawing. His
110. 10:45work meant a point of no return for modern art, giving way to contemporary art.
111. 10:50Two of his best-known works are The Naked Maja, from 1797, and The Clothed Maja, from 1798.
112. 11:00Romanticism in architecture Romanticism in architecture was
113. 11:05a transformative and renovating movement, focusing on building styles
114. 11:08that recalled a distant past. One of the main affinities of the romantic style
115. 11:14was with the medieval style, adding different perspectives on the exotic.
116. 11:19The main objective was to recover the basic emotions of the human being,
117. 11:23especially fear and wonder, as well as the sense of individualism.
118. 11:30Both medieval elements and designs were incorporated into Romantic Gothic architecture .
119. 11:34This type of architecture can be seen in secular buildings, such
120. 11:38as some castles, and also in sacred enclosures, such as cathedrals and churches.
121. 11:45The main features of these buildings were vaulted ceilings,
122. 11:50asymmetry and pointed spires. We have already reached the end. If you liked it
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