Prepositions of Place: AT, IN, BY, INTO, OUT OF - Common English Mistakes — Transcript

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3. 0:08Hi everybody, and welcome back to EnglishClass101.com's Youtube channel.
4. 0:12My name is Alisha, and today I'm going to talk about prepositions of location
5. 0:29and movement.
6. 0:31So let's get started!
7. 0:32Okay, so the first preposition of location I want to talk about is “at.”
8. 0:37We use “at” to talk about exact specific locations, so some examples of this are “at
9. 0:44the supermarket,” “at the table,” “at her desk,” this means a person or an object
10. 0:50is at that specific place.
11. 0:53So, for example, I'm at work right now.
12. 0:57I'm at the office.
13. 0:59These are specific points where people or objects can be located, so please use “at”
14. 1:06to talk about a specific location.
15. 1:08Okay, so let's go on to the next preposition of location for now, “in.”
16. 1:14We use “in” when we want to talk about enclosed locations, so locations which are
17. 1:19surrounded or when we're surrounded by something else, something else is all around this, or
18. 1:26we are enclosed within something.
19. 1:29So some examples of this are “in the pool,” we are enclosed or surrounded by the pool.
20. 1:35“In the closet,” completely enclosed by the closet.
21. 1:39“In your bag,” your items are enclosed by your bag.
22. 1:43And “in the water,” so when swimming in the ocean, for example, we say in the water;
23. 1:48I'm in the water, for example.
24. 1:50Now, I'm in the office, I'm in a room, I'm in my home city, for example.
25. 1:57So these are different ways we can use the word “in” when we are enclosed or surrounded
26. 2:01by something.
27. 2:03Please also remember that “in” is used for countries and cities.
28. 2:06I live in Bangkok, I live in Europe, for example.
29. 2:12So please remember to use “in” for countries and cities as well as for locations that are
30. 2:18enclosed or when you're surrounded by something else.
31. 2:22Okay, so let's talk about the next preposition of location, the next preposition is “by.”
32. 2:28We use “by” when we want to express something is near something else, near or close to something
33. 2:35else.
34. 2:36So, for example, by the park, or by the coffee shop, by your computer, by the table, these
35. 2:43mean near something else.
36. 2:45We don't know exactly is it maybe next to, in front of, behind, we don't know, but it
37. 2:51means simply near something else.
38. 2:54So, for example, I'm by the whiteboard right now, I'm by a chair, I'm by a table, these
39. 2:59are ways we can use "by" to express near or close to.
40. 3:04Okay, so the next preposition I want to talk about is a preposition of movement, actually,
41. 3:08the next two are prepositions of movement.
42. 3:11The first one is "into."
43. 3:12So "into" is something we use to express movement from an open location to a more closed location.
44. 3:20So, for example, into the bank, walk into the bank, or into the refrigerator, put food
45. 3:26into the refrigerator, or into the suspects home, the police moved into the suspects home.
46. 3:34In each case, "into" shows moving from an open location to a more closed location.
47. 3:41So because "in" is here you can imagine we are moving to an enclosed location, we could
48. 3:47say jump into the pool, for example, or go into the closet, put something into your bag,
49. 3:55or go into the water.
50. 3:57So in this way, we can kind of think of "in" and "to" being closely related, but "to" shows
51. 4:04us the movement, the relationship that there's some movement happening there.
52. 4:09Okay, so let's talk about the opposite then, of "into," which is "out of."
53. 4:14So because we use "into" to talk about movement from a more open place to an enclosed space;
54. 4:20"out of" is used to talk about movement from an enclosed space to a more open space.
55. 4:27So, for example, out of the house, or out of the washing machine, taking clothes out
56. 4:32of the washing machine; out of your purse, take something out of your purse.
57. 4:38So moving yourself, moving a person, or moving an object from something that is enclosed
58. 4:44to a space that is more open, we use "out of" in this case.
59. 4:49Okay, so now we know about five new prepositions of location and movement, let's try some example
60. 4:54sentences.
61. 4:56Okay, the first one, she's sitting _____ the table.
62. 5:00The table, so here we have the table, I talked earlier about this, at the table with "at,"
63. 5:05yeah.
64. 5:06However, we can use "by" the table as well.
65. 5:09At the table and by the table have slightly different meanings, though both are correct.
66. 5:15At the table means she is sitting in a chair directly in front of the table, she's sitting
67. 5:22at the table.
68. 5:23By the table, however, could mean she's next to the table or she's just near the table.
69. 5:29"By" is a little bit less clear, "at" is very clear here.
70. 5:33To be very clear, say she's sitting at the table; to be less clear, maybe she's somewhere
71. 5:39near the table, used "by."
72. 5:41Okay, so the next example sentence is our company's headquarters is _____ LA.
73. 5:47LA meaning Los Angeles here, so we have a city name, yeah?
74. 5:51A city name, Los Angeles, we know that we should use city names with "in," so the answer
75. 5:57here is "in," in LA.
76. 6:00Okay, the next one, he lives _____ the supermarket.
77. 6:05So the supermarket is a place, and here we have the verb "lives," he lives, we know it's
78. 6:09not "in," because people do not live in supermarkets, probably not "at," he lives at the supermarket
79. 6:17also doesn't make any sense, people do not live at supermarkets.
80. 6:21However, we can use "by."
81. 6:24So he lives by the supermarket, to mean he lives near the supermarket.
82. 6:30Okay, so next one, when we walked _____ the bank, it was raining.
83. 6:36Okay, so here we have the verb "walked" and we have the bank, so there's a motion happening,
84. 6:42yeah?
85. 6:43Walking, and then the bank, the preposition we should use here is probably "into," though
86. 6:50"out of" could also be possible.
87. 6:54When we walked into the bank, it was raining.
88. 6:56When we walked out of the bank, it was raining.
89. 6:59Both sentences are okay, in this case, it just depends on the action you want to communicate.
90. 7:04Okay, next one, I need to run _____ the supermarket for milk.
91. 7:10Okay, so here, there's an objective "for milk," this person wants to buy milk, so they need
92. 7:17to run _____ the supermarket.
93. 7:21So let's use "into," moving from outside the supermarket to inside the supermarket, a more
94. 7:28enclosed space, "into," into the supermarket.
95. 7:32Okay, next one is I have to be _____ the office until 6pm.
96. 7:38So here we have the specific location, the office.
97. 7:43So "office" is an enclosed space, yes?
98. 7:45Which means we can use "in," I have to be in the office until 6pm.
99. 7:51But with work and office spaces, we can also use "at," it's an exact location.
100. 7:58I have to be in the office, or I have to be at the office until 6pm, both are correct
101. 8:03here.
102. 8:04Okay, next, I forgot to take my phone _____ your bag.
103. 8:09Okay, so take this take motion here is a really good hint, there's an action happening.
104. 8:16So there's a very good chance we are moving something from an enclosed location to a more
105. 8:24open location.
106. 8:25So, I forgot to take my phone out of your bag, out of your bag is the correct answer
107. 8:31here.
108. 8:32Finally, I want to get _____ town.
109. 8:36So town is, yes, it's a location, like, in my town or at my town; however, a big hint
110. 8:44here is "get," we use "get" to reflect movement sometimes, and this phrase is a good one to
111. 8:53remember, get out of town.
112. 8:56Get out of town.
113. 8:57So get out of town means leave town, go to a different place outside of town, so I want
114. 9:03to get out of town is the correct answer here.
115. 9:06Okay, so those are a few prepositions of location and movement.
116. 9:11I hope that this was useful for you, if you have any questions, please be sure to leave
117. 9:16them in a comment below this video.
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