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POMDA 01 Introduction — Transcript

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  1. 0:02Welcome to chapter 1 of principles of
  2. 0:05marketing for a digital age on
  3. 0:07understanding
  4. 0:11marketing. In this chapter, we'll learn
  5. 0:14the answers to the following questions.
  6. 0:16What has been the evolution of marketing
  7. 0:18over time? In what ways has marketing
  8. 0:21shifted in response to consumer demands?
  9. 0:24What is marketing and what are the core
  10. 0:26concepts of marketing? What are the
  11. 0:28elements of the marketing mix and what
  12. 0:30can be marketed? How are the
  13. 0:33technologies of industry 4.0
  14. 0:35revolutionizing marketing and the
  15. 0:37customer
  16. 0:38experience? What is martekch and how
  17. 0:40does it support marketing in the age of
  18. 0:42marketing
  19. 0:48convergence? Marketing is a part of
  20. 0:50daily life for people and organizations
  21. 0:52everywhere. Perhaps more so than any
  22. 0:54other business discipline. We turn to
  23. 0:56markets to find, evaluate, select and
  24. 0:59buy solutions to meet our needs. Sellers
  25. 1:02bring their offers to market to reach
  26. 1:04prospective buyers. In fact, this view
  27. 1:07of marketing as facilitating exchanges
  28. 1:09among buyers and sellers goes back to
  29. 1:12ancient times. But as a discipline,
  30. 1:14marketing is relatively young. It
  31. 1:16developed with the first industrial
  32. 1:18revolution, grew in recognition and
  33. 1:20relevance with the second, and
  34. 1:22experienced substantial changes during
  35. 1:24the third. The figure shown on the slide
  36. 1:26illustrates these stages. The fourth
  37. 1:29industrial revolution called industry
  38. 1:314.0 is now at hand and with it has
  39. 1:34become a new era of marketing known as
  40. 1:37marketing
  41. 1:39convergence. Each marketing era's
  42. 1:42orientation mirrors the stage of the
  43. 1:44industrial revolution stage it follows.
  44. 1:47Industry 1.0 introduced mechanization
  45. 1:50and factories powered by steam capable
  46. 1:52of efficiencies in production.
  47. 1:55Demand outstripped supply in many
  48. 1:57product categories and marketing's
  49. 1:59production era followed a production
  50. 2:01orientation that emphasized functional
  51. 2:04benefits and offered little in the way
  52. 2:05of
  53. 2:06alternatives. The moving assembly lines
  54. 2:08of industry 2 2.0 increased supply and
  55. 2:12resulted in more competition. This
  56. 2:14brought on the selling era of marketing
  57. 2:18marked by marketers adoption of a
  58. 2:20selling orientation which value
  59. 2:22persuasion as a way to push products and
  60. 2:24convince prospective buyers to buy.
  61. 2:27Industry 3.0 saw the development of
  62. 2:30computers and robotics and marked an age
  63. 2:33of information. This is where the
  64. 2:35marketing concept era began. The
  65. 2:38marketing concept is a philosophical
  66. 2:39orientation focused on achieving
  67. 2:41organizational goals by identifying and
  68. 2:44meeting the needs of target markets and
  69. 2:46doing so better than
  70. 2:49competitors. After this stage, we
  71. 2:52entered several other orientations of
  72. 2:54marketing that coincided with the
  73. 2:57marketing concept error and we'll
  74. 2:59discuss those on the next slide. But
  75. 3:02currently, we're in the stage of
  76. 3:03industry 4.0 O or the era of marketing
  77. 3:07convergence. We'll also be covering this
  78. 3:09in more depth on the following
  79. 3:16slides. With the marketing concept era,
  80. 3:19several other types of marketing
  81. 3:21orientations developed. We still embrace
  82. 3:24the importance of identifying and
  83. 3:26serving customer needs. But in the
  84. 3:281970s, demand for services increased and
  85. 3:31thought leaders recognized society as a
  86. 3:34marketing stakeholder. The result was
  87. 3:36the societal marketing concept and
  88. 3:38several related marketing approaches
  89. 3:40including social marketing, cause
  90. 3:43marketing, cause related marketing,
  91. 3:45corporate philanthropy, and corporate
  92. 3:47social responsibility.
  93. 3:49Marketing guru Philip Cutotler advocated
  94. 3:51for a shift to the societal marketing
  95. 3:53concept, stating, "The organization's
  96. 3:56task is to determine the needs, wants,
  97. 3:58and interests of target markets and to
  98. 4:01deliver the desired satisfactions more
  99. 4:04effectively and efficiently than
  100. 4:06competitors in a way that preserves or
  101. 4:08enhances the consumers and society's
  102. 4:11well-being. In an effort to better
  103. 4:13capture marketing's comp competing
  104. 4:16priorities, Cutotler and Keller later
  105. 4:18proposed the holistic marketing concept,
  106. 4:20which includes four marketing
  107. 4:22dimensions: relationship marketing,
  108. 4:24integrated marketing, internal
  109. 4:26marketing, and performance marketing.
  110. 4:29The table on the slide features
  111. 4:31definitions of these and other types of
  112. 4:33marketing that have since developed.
  113. 4:35Many of these remain important in our
  114. 4:38study of marketing.
  115. 4:44Today marketers face change, complexity
  116. 4:46and challenges unlike any era prior. We
  117. 4:49have entered the era of marketing
  118. 4:51convergence. Convergence occurs when two
  119. 4:54or more things come together to form a
  120. 4:56new hole. Bull mastiffs, for example,
  121. 4:59were created by converging the bulldog
  122. 5:01and mastiff dog breeds. IBM fused
  123. 5:04machine learning and the internet of
  124. 5:06things technology to create its
  125. 5:08artificial intelligence platform known
  126. 5:10as Watson
  127. 5:11innovation. Technological convergence is
  128. 5:14a major driver for the advanced
  129. 5:16innovations of industry
  130. 5:184.0. Tesco's delivery robot, Amazon's
  131. 5:21drones, self-driving cars, virtual
  132. 5:24reality headsets. All of these and more
  133. 5:26were created by fusing or converging
  134. 5:29individual technologies. What's more,
  135. 5:31innovation is a process. An innovation
  136. 5:34born of technological convergence may
  137. 5:36converge with another technology device
  138. 5:39or context producing yet another
  139. 5:41innovation and so on. It was through
  140. 5:44this cycle of ongoing convergence and
  141. 5:46innovation that industry 4.0 came to
  142. 5:49influence marketing as technological
  143. 5:51convergence generated new products and
  144. 5:54product convergence led to industry
  145. 5:56level innovations.
  146. 6:04In the era of marketing convergence, we
  147. 6:06see marketing and technological elements
  148. 6:09combine to create new forms of
  149. 6:11marketing. For example, digital
  150. 6:14networks, social interactions,
  151. 6:16advertising, and public relations have
  152. 6:18converged to create social media
  153. 6:20marketing. Digital advertising and
  154. 6:23direct marketing have converged to
  155. 6:25create clickable display advertising.
  156. 6:28and e-commerce has converged with social
  157. 6:31media marketing to create social
  158. 6:33commerce. What other examples of
  159. 6:35marketing convergence can you
  160. 6:41identify? When you think of marketing,
  161. 6:44what do you think it means? What words
  162. 6:46or phrases come to mind as you consider
  163. 6:48what marketing is? Let's take a look at
  164. 6:51some common definitions of marketing.
  165. 6:54The American Marketing Association
  166. 6:56defines marketing as the activity set of
  167. 6:59institutions and processes for creating,
  168. 7:03communicating, delivering and
  169. 7:05exchanging, offering that have value for
  170. 7:08customers, clients, partners and society
  171. 7:11at large.
  172. 7:13The Chartered Institute of Marketing
  173. 7:15defines marketing as the management
  174. 7:17process for identifying, anticipating,
  175. 7:20and satisfying customer requirements
  176. 7:24profitably. But the definition that I
  177. 7:26prefer was one that was published in the
  178. 7:29Oxford English Dictionary in 1922 and it
  179. 7:33rings true today. That dictionary said
  180. 7:36that marketing means to bring to market
  181. 7:39or to produce an offer to be sold in the
  182. 7:41market. So we could say that marketing
  183. 7:44means going to market. And this simple
  184. 7:47definition is really the best. In other
  185. 7:49words, marketing encompasses all of the
  186. 7:51decisions and activities related to
  187. 7:54bringing an offer to market to a market
  188. 7:56of prospective buyers and successfully
  189. 7:59selling that offer to customers.
  190. 8:05Let's take a look at some of the core
  191. 8:07concepts related to marketing. We'll
  192. 8:10begin with the concept of a market. A
  193. 8:13market is the aggregate of all prospects
  194. 8:15and customers with an unmet need and the
  195. 8:18ability to buy. As such, markets can be
  196. 8:21identified by type of buyer, type of
  197. 8:24seller, product category, industry,
  198. 8:27geographic region and so on. One
  199. 8:30typology of market is based on the type
  200. 8:33of seller and the type of buyer targeted
  201. 8:35and this is shown in table
  202. 8:381.2. COC markets are sometimes called
  203. 8:41P2P markets or
  204. 8:43peer-to-peer. Mobile pay apps like Apple
  205. 8:46Pay and Venmo are especially beneficial
  206. 8:48for COC markets. C2B markets include
  207. 8:52freelancers and independent contractors
  208. 8:54who provide services to business
  209. 8:55clients.
  210. 8:57Most commonly in marketing, we talk
  211. 8:59about BTOC markets and B2B markets. BTOC
  212. 9:03markets target individuals and
  213. 9:05households and products for personal
  214. 9:06use. BTOC markets utilize traditional
  215. 9:09shopping venues like shopping malls,
  216. 9:11grocery stores, and department stores,
  217. 9:13as well as e-commerce via online stores
  218. 9:16and
  219. 9:17marketplaces. B2B markets focus on
  220. 9:20products needed for business and
  221. 9:21professional use. Government
  222. 9:23organizations may also be grouped into
  223. 9:25this market or considered as a separate
  224. 9:27type of target market. Vertical B2B
  225. 9:30markets refer to one specific industry
  226. 9:33segment such as healthcare or education
  227. 9:35and horiz horizontal B2B markets refer
  228. 9:39to products that are valued across a
  229. 9:41range of different industries such as
  230. 9:43information technology and office
  231. 9:45equipment.
  232. 9:46Sometimes we can have a different type
  233. 9:49of market entirely and this is evidenced
  234. 9:52by a new type of market called
  235. 9:54platforms. Platforms are two-sided or
  236. 9:57multi-sided markets. Airbnb and are
  237. 10:00examples of platforms. They
  238. 10:04include both buyers and sellers.
  239. 10:12Other core concepts of marketing that
  240. 10:14you should be familiar with include the
  241. 10:16concept of exchange, needs, and
  242. 10:22utility. Marketing is critical to the
  243. 10:24success of any business. In fact, Peter
  244. 10:27Ducker said, "The purpose of a business
  245. 10:29is to create a customer, and customers
  246. 10:32are created when they choose to exchange
  247. 10:34something of value for the
  248. 10:36organization's offer. Therefore, we can
  249. 10:39say that exchange is a transfer of value
  250. 10:42between buyer and
  251. 10:44seller. A need is something that is
  252. 10:47wanted or required to bridge a gap
  253. 10:49between an actual state and a desired
  254. 10:52state. The most famous framework for
  255. 10:55understanding need states is that of
  256. 10:57maslo's hierarchy of needs, which we'll
  257. 10:59discuss on the following slide.
  258. 11:03A utility is the state of being
  259. 11:05beneficial and benefits are advantages
  260. 11:08or desirable
  261. 11:10outcomes. In the context of marketing,
  262. 11:12products benefit customers by providing
  263. 11:15utilities that meet customer needs. From
  264. 11:17the customer's perspective, utility
  265. 11:20could relate to any need state,
  266. 11:22functional, physical, emotional, social
  267. 11:24and so on. Marketers consider utility in
  268. 11:28terms of providing the right product
  269. 11:30which is form utility at the right time
  270. 11:33which is time utility in the right place
  271. 11:36which is place utility at the right
  272. 11:39price which is possession utility and
  273. 11:41communicating this offer to the market
  274. 11:43which is information utility.
  275. 11:53A need is something that is wanted or
  276. 11:55required to bridge a gap between an
  277. 11:56actionable state and a desired state.
  278. 11:59And this is one of the key concepts that
  279. 12:01we need to understand in order to
  280. 12:04understand how to be successful
  281. 12:06marketers. Maslo's hierarchy of needs is
  282. 12:09perhaps the most famous framework for
  283. 12:11understanding need states. According to
  284. 12:13Maslo, physiological needs are first,
  285. 12:17then followed by security needs,
  286. 12:19followed by social needs, self-esteem
  287. 12:22needs, and lastly, self-actualization
  288. 12:26needs. Examples of physiological needs
  289. 12:28include hunger and thirst. Examples of
  290. 12:32safety needs include protection and
  291. 12:34security. Examples of social needs are
  292. 12:37relationships, love, and friendship.
  293. 12:39Examples of esteem include achievement
  294. 12:42and recognition. And examples of
  295. 12:45cognitive needs include the the need for
  296. 12:47knowledge and
  297. 12:48curiosity. And then we also have
  298. 12:50aesthetic needs which is knowledge
  299. 12:52through beauty, form and design. Lastly,
  300. 12:55we have the need for
  301. 12:57self-actualization, which is the need
  302. 13:00for inner
  303. 13:02fulfillment. A key principle is that
  304. 13:04only an unmet need can motivate.
  305. 13:07So we need to consider what is an unmet
  306. 13:11need in order to identify what it is
  307. 13:14that we want to bring to market as an
  308. 13:17offer. This is why understanding the
  309. 13:19needs and motives of prospective buyers
  310. 13:21in the market is a marketing core
  311. 13:25competency. Organizations also have
  312. 13:27needs and this is reflected in the blue
  313. 13:31uh diagram.
  314. 13:34Organizations have needs that work much
  315. 13:36the same way as individual needs.
  316. 13:39Instead of physiological needs though,
  317. 13:41we have operational needs which would be
  318. 13:43our core business model, our operations
  319. 13:45and our systems functionality.
  320. 13:48Organizations also have safety needs.
  321. 13:50These include security, risk management
  322. 13:52and
  323. 13:53compliance. There are also social social
  324. 13:56needs that organizations seek to meet.
  325. 13:58These are seen in organizational
  326. 14:00culture, teamwork and customer
  327. 14:02relationship
  328. 14:03management. Organizations have esteem
  329. 14:06needs. They seek to develop good re
  330. 14:09reputations to achieve their goals and
  331. 14:12to establish brand equity. They also
  332. 14:15have cognitive needs. This can be seen
  333. 14:17in organizations work to establish
  334. 14:20thought leadership training provided to
  335. 14:23employees and in their investments in
  336. 14:25research and development.
  337. 14:27Organizations also have aesthetic needs
  338. 14:29which we can see in their construction
  339. 14:32and acquisition of knowledge and design.
  340. 14:34And lastly, organizations may seek to
  341. 14:37become organizationally
  342. 14:40actualized. This can be seen in their
  343. 14:42attempt to achieve the organization's
  344. 14:45vision and focus on corporate social
  345. 14:47responsibility.
  346. 14:53So, we said that marketing means going
  347. 14:56to market. And with what do we go to
  348. 14:58market? Well, we go to market with an
  349. 15:01offer. And an offer is made up of the
  350. 15:04marketing mix. Organizations design
  351. 15:06offers that are made up of all of the
  352. 15:08components in the marketing mix as
  353. 15:10depicted in the figure shown on the
  354. 15:12slide. The classic marketing mix
  355. 15:15includes what is known as the four Ps.
  356. 15:18product, price, place, and promotion.
  357. 15:21But the mix expanded to accommodate
  358. 15:24services with three additional Ps. These
  359. 15:27include people, process, and presence.
  360. 15:30Presence was traditionally referred to
  361. 15:32as physical environment. But because of
  362. 15:35our emphasis on digital marketing, we
  363. 15:37now use presence to capture the tangible
  364. 15:40cues that can be present in either
  365. 15:43virtual or physical environment. We'll
  366. 15:47be looking at these seven Ps as we go
  367. 15:50through the
  368. 15:51course, spending um approximately a
  369. 15:55chapter on product, price, place, and
  370. 15:58promotion, and then a chapter on people,
  371. 16:00process, and presence. But let's briefly
  372. 16:03review what these seven Ps mean. Now, a
  373. 16:08product is an entity offered for sale.
  374. 16:10Its form makes manifest a core benefit
  375. 16:13or utility of value. Products may be
  376. 16:16tangible or intangible. In essence,
  377. 16:19anything of value could be marketed as a
  378. 16:21product for sale, including goods,
  379. 16:23services, experiences, events, ideas,
  380. 16:28locations, organizations, people, and
  381. 16:31property. Almost anything can be
  382. 16:33marketed as a
  383. 16:35product. Theodore Levit pointed out that
  384. 16:38whether a product is tangible or
  385. 16:39intangible, customers are essentially
  386. 16:41asked to buy promises. promises that the
  387. 16:44needs motivating their purchase will be
  388. 16:47satisfied. Product decisions in the
  389. 16:49marketing mix encompass several specific
  390. 16:52areas such as what will the core
  391. 16:55benefits be that are offered with the
  392. 16:56product? What will the product design
  393. 16:59be? What features will be prevalent in
  394. 17:02the product's design? What quality will
  395. 17:05be offered? How will we package the
  396. 17:07product? What will the brand meaning be?
  397. 17:10and what product mix will we offer in
  398. 17:12our product portfolio. All of these
  399. 17:15elements are part of product decisions
  400. 17:17that we'll study as we move through the
  401. 17:20course. Price is the assignment of value
  402. 17:23required for an exchange to occur. When
  403. 17:26customers evaluate a product for
  404. 17:28possible purchase, they consider its
  405. 17:30perceived value against the asking
  406. 17:32price. Pricing decisions incorporate
  407. 17:35elasticity of demand, perceived value,
  408. 17:38price comparisons, mental accounting,
  409. 17:41costs, price strategy, and discounts,
  410. 17:44allowances, and financing options. We'll
  411. 17:47cover price further in chapter 7 of the
  412. 17:51text. Place refers to the channel of
  413. 17:54distribution used to make the product
  414. 17:56available for purchase at a time and
  415. 17:58location chosen by the prospective
  416. 18:00customer. Place decisions encompass
  417. 18:02supply chain management, decisions
  418. 18:05regarding distribution intensity,
  419. 18:07directness of channels and use of
  420. 18:08intermediaries like wholesalers and
  421. 18:11retailers, retail settings, geographic
  422. 18:14proximity to the customer, whether we're
  423. 18:16selling online or offline, multi-channel
  424. 18:19or omni channel, inventory management
  425. 18:21and fulfillment. We're going to cover
  426. 18:24place decisions in depth in chapter
  427. 18:26eight of the book.
  428. 18:28The promotional mix includes all the
  429. 18:31activities and communication channels
  430. 18:33marketers may use to communicate with
  431. 18:35prospects and customers. It includes
  432. 18:37advertising, public relations, social
  433. 18:40media marketing, selling, direct
  434. 18:43marketing, events and experiences and
  435. 18:45can utilize many forms of media.
  436. 18:48Sometimes it's called integrated
  437. 18:49marketing communications or MorCom and
  438. 18:52we'll learn more about promotion in
  439. 18:54chapter 9. The people P was added to the
  440. 18:57marketing mix to address the influence
  441. 18:59of service providers on customer
  442. 19:01experiences and outcomes when buying
  443. 19:03services. But the relevance of people in
  444. 19:06the marketing mix has grown as marketers
  445. 19:08embrace internal marketing which means
  446. 19:10marketing within the organization
  447. 19:12especially to employees and the value of
  448. 19:14customer relationship
  449. 19:16management. Like people process join the
  450. 19:19marketing mix because of the unique
  451. 19:21nature of services. In traditional
  452. 19:23service settings, the consumption of a
  453. 19:25service cannot be separated from the
  454. 19:27manufacturer of the service because
  455. 19:29customers experience the manufacturing
  456. 19:31process. Process design can influence
  457. 19:34the customer experience and the customer
  458. 19:37satisfaction with their outcomes.
  459. 19:40Service marketers blueprint this service
  460. 19:42process to identify possible
  461. 19:45improvements. and research into customer
  462. 19:47journeys shows that process is also
  463. 19:50relevant to other customer
  464. 19:53experiences. Lastly, presence includes
  465. 19:55the characteristics that influence
  466. 19:57perceptions of the marketing
  467. 19:59environment. Initially called physical
  468. 20:01environment, it was added to the
  469. 20:03marketing mix to provide for tangible
  470. 20:05evidence in the form of sensory cues to
  471. 20:08support the underlying promises we make
  472. 20:10when marketing
  473. 20:11services. Digital marketing is limited
  474. 20:14to sight and sound. to marketers use
  475. 20:16design elements to suggest sensory
  476. 20:19sensory perceptions in virtual
  477. 20:21environments. The term presence captures
  478. 20:24the state or perception of being
  479. 20:25somewhere whether that somewhere is a
  480. 20:28physical or virtual location. In either
  481. 20:31case, marketers build the environments
  482. 20:33of sensory cues, including auditory,
  483. 20:36visual, kinesthetic, alactory, and
  484. 20:39gustatory by designing ambient
  485. 20:42conditions, spatial layouts and
  486. 20:44functionality, sounds, sense,
  487. 20:46aesthetics, and signs and symbols.
  488. 20:58In this book, we also explore the
  489. 21:00technologies of industry 4.0 and how
  490. 21:02they relate to marketing and the era of
  491. 21:05marketing convergence. Industry 4.0 0
  492. 21:08applies physical and digital
  493. 21:09technologies including the internet of
  494. 21:12things, advanced analytics, robotics,
  495. 21:15high performance computing, artificial
  496. 21:18intelligence and cognitive technologies,
  497. 21:20virtual and augmented reality and
  498. 21:23multissource data to manufacturing.
  499. 21:25Digitization affects the entire value
  500. 21:28chain and makes new business models
  501. 21:30possible. These technologies make the
  502. 21:32digitization of products, distribution
  503. 21:34channels, media and promotion and
  504. 21:37pricing approaches possible. And we'll
  505. 21:39explore this as we go through the
  506. 21:41course. As customers interact with
  507. 21:43brands online and offline, data is
  508. 21:46produced and when captured, stored, and
  509. 21:48used in advanced analytics represents an
  510. 21:51asset. The resulting big data can drive
  511. 21:54powerful insights into buyer behavior.
  512. 21:57An article from Deote explains it best.
  513. 22:00It says the fourth industrial revolution
  514. 22:02is important to understand because it
  515. 22:04doesn't just touch manufacturers. It
  516. 22:06could touch all of
  517. 22:11us. Industry 4.0 includes several
  518. 22:15technologies, specifically the internet
  519. 22:18of everything, digital reality,
  520. 22:21cognitive technologies, blockchain,
  521. 22:24additive manufacturing, and big data
  522. 22:26analytics and algorithms. The internet
  523. 22:29of everything is defined as the network
  524. 22:31connection of things, people, process,
  525. 22:33and data. We most often hear about the
  526. 22:36internet of things, but over time,
  527. 22:38understanding all four components of the
  528. 22:40internet of everything will be
  529. 22:42increasingly relevant. And throughout
  530. 22:44the book, we'll look at how the internet
  531. 22:47of everything is affecting
  532. 22:49marketing. Digital reality is a term
  533. 22:53coined by Deote Consulting. It
  534. 22:55encompasses technologies that enable
  535. 22:57immersive experiences and simulations of
  536. 23:00reality, including augmented reality or
  537. 23:03AR, virtual reality or VR, mixed reality
  538. 23:07or MR, and 360 degree video. Digital
  539. 23:11reality utilizes data from sensors and
  540. 23:14cameras to create presentations,
  541. 23:16including visual and auditory elements
  542. 23:18with which users can interact using
  543. 23:20gestures and voice commands.
  544. 23:23Marketers are using these digital
  545. 23:25reality technologies to enhance the
  546. 23:28experience that their customers have
  547. 23:31with the brand and with their
  548. 23:33products. Cognitive technologies perform
  549. 23:36tasks, inform decisions, and accomplish
  550. 23:39objectives that traditionally required
  551. 23:41human intelligence, including reasoning
  552. 23:43and learning. There are several types of
  553. 23:46cognitive technologies including
  554. 23:48artificial intelligence, machine
  555. 23:50learning, robotics and automation, and
  556. 23:53language processing including voice,
  557. 23:55speech, image, video, text, and
  558. 23:58sentiment. Machine learning is a set of
  559. 24:00statistical techniques that automate
  560. 24:02analytical model building algorithms
  561. 24:05that iteratively learn from data without
  562. 24:08the need for explicit programming.
  563. 24:10Robotic automation combines artificial
  564. 24:12intelligence and automation to process
  565. 24:15data and automate processes. And
  566. 24:17language processing refers to
  567. 24:19statistical techniques that enable the
  568. 24:21analysis, understanding, and generation
  569. 24:23of human languages. Marketing
  570. 24:25organizations can use cognitive
  571. 24:27technologies to predict consumer
  572. 24:29purchases, recognize fraudulent credit
  573. 24:32card activities, and automate
  574. 24:33personalized targeting of digital ads.
  575. 24:35These are just a few examples.
  576. 24:39A blockchain is essentially a digital
  577. 24:41ledger or database of transactions and
  578. 24:44records replicated in real time across a
  579. 24:46network of computers or nodes. Because
  580. 24:49the records are copied to all of the
  581. 24:51computers in a participating network, it
  582. 24:53is sometimes called a distributed
  583. 24:55ledger. Fixed structures called blocks
  584. 24:58store the data and a block fa blockchain
  585. 25:02database links to all previous blocks
  586. 25:05and consequently maintains a complete
  587. 25:07history of all the assets and
  588. 25:09instructions executed since the very
  589. 25:11first one. This makes blockchain data
  590. 25:13secure, verifiable and independently
  591. 25:16audit auditable. These characteristics
  592. 25:19make blockchain especially valuable for
  593. 25:21financial exchanges, regulatory
  594. 25:23compliance, security applications, and
  595. 25:26the execution of smart
  596. 25:29contracts. Additive manufacturing refers
  597. 25:32to a process by which digital 3D design
  598. 25:35data is used to build up a component and
  599. 25:38layers by depositing material.
  600. 25:41Though the most relevant in
  601. 25:43manufacturing settings, 3D printing has
  602. 25:45marketing applications in product
  603. 25:47design, prototyping, research and
  604. 25:49development, quality testing, small
  605. 25:52batch customized production as well as
  606. 25:54postsale service and
  607. 25:57maintenance. Lastly, big data analytics
  608. 26:00is important for marketing and one of
  609. 26:05the technologies of industry 4.0.
  610. 26:08Big data is data of a very large size,
  611. 26:11typically to the extent that its
  612. 26:12manipulation and management presents
  613. 26:14significant logistical challenges. It's
  614. 26:17also been defined by its properties, the
  615. 26:19three Vss, volume, variety, and
  616. 26:23velocity. But importantly for us, big
  617. 26:26data provides an asset for use in
  618. 26:29analytics that we can use for marketing
  619. 26:31purposes.
  620. 26:36The combination of digital technology
  621. 26:38and marketing is known as martekch.
  622. 26:40Companies may develop capabilities
  623. 26:42inhouse and or work with partners to
  624. 26:45develop the set of digital technologies
  625. 26:46it will use to conduct and improve its
  626. 26:49marketing activities. The field of
  627. 26:51martekch applications and vendor
  628. 26:53partners has grown rapidly in recent
  629. 26:55years. And while it may include a number
  630. 26:58of different types of capabilities, we
  631. 27:01can summarize the major categories of
  632. 27:04Martekch
  633. 27:06by six different categories. Those are
  634. 27:10advertising and promotion, content and
  635. 27:13customer experience
  636. 27:14delivery, social media management and
  637. 27:18relationships, commerce and sales, data
  638. 27:22and
  639. 27:30management. Table 1.4 4 lists the most
  640. 27:33popular areas of martekch as well as
  641. 27:35specific applications in each area as
  642. 27:38well as exemplar vendors that are
  643. 27:41providing solutions in each of the
  644. 27:43areas. Some companies offer enterprise
  645. 27:46marketing software suites or
  646. 27:48EMss which incorporate many marketing
  647. 27:51system capabilities from a single
  648. 27:53provider. EMS providers include Adobe,
  649. 27:57IBM Watson Marketing, Oracle,
  650. 28:00Salesforce, SAP, SAS, and Marquetto. You
  651. 28:04can learn more more about Martekch by
  652. 28:06visiting chief
  653. 28:08martekch.com. And while you're there,
  654. 28:10check out the graphic depicting the many
  655. 28:12martekch categories and its many
  656. 28:14vendors.
  657. 28:20Redwing Shoes provides a great example
  658. 28:23of a company that is using what is known
  659. 28:26as the Martekch stack very effectively.
  660. 28:29Redwing Shoes is a leading brand of
  661. 28:31occupational safety boots used by
  662. 28:34workers in construction and industrial
  663. 28:36settings. The brand began in response to
  664. 28:39an unmet need in the marketplace.
  665. 28:41workers needed safety boots that were
  666. 28:43durable and comfortable. And it became
  667. 28:45the go-to brand for oil fil workers with
  668. 28:48the introduction of a handmade but
  669. 28:49durable boot designed specifically for
  670. 28:51the harsh conditions common to the oil
  671. 28:54industry. Now, Redwing shoes are sold in
  672. 28:57more than 100 countries around the
  673. 28:59world. The brand is more than 100 years
  674. 29:02old, but you wouldn't guess that from
  675. 29:03its innovative adoption of digital
  676. 29:05technology, particularly for marketing
  677. 29:08purposes. The company uses marketing
  678. 29:10technology for a wide range of marketing
  679. 29:13activities. Martekch is used to operate
  680. 29:15its e-commerce website and to promote
  681. 29:17the brand and manage customer
  682. 29:19relationships, whether to end consumers
  683. 29:22or businesses who purchase the brand for
  684. 29:24their employees or franchises for its
  685. 29:26retail stores. Not surprisingly, the
  686. 29:29company uses big data and analytics in a
  687. 29:32variety of ways. For example, Redwing
  688. 29:34worked with IBM Watson advertising to
  689. 29:37build brand awareness and drive store
  690. 29:39traffic by analyzing the weather
  691. 29:41conditions coinciding with customer
  692. 29:43purchase patterns in its retail stores.
  693. 29:45They identified weather conditions that
  694. 29:47were likely to trigger a spike in work
  695. 29:49boot sales. This intelligence was then
  696. 29:52used to develop an algorithm to guide
  697. 29:54the delivery of mobile advertising
  698. 29:56targeted by location, weather, and
  699. 29:58workplace setting in real time. In other
  700. 30:01words, people who worked outdoors at
  701. 30:03places like construction sites,
  702. 30:05experiencing weather trigger events, and
  703. 30:07who were likely to be in need of work
  704. 30:09boots saw mobile ads displaying the
  705. 30:11closest Redwing store. The investment
  706. 30:14paid off, resulting in a
  707. 30:1641.4% lift in store visits. Dynamic
  708. 30:19marketing automation was used to
  709. 30:21optimize email marketing, too. Rather
  710. 30:23than deploying a one-sizefits-all email
  711. 30:25message, customers received messages
  712. 30:28tailored to their past experience, such
  713. 30:30as store location, favorite footwear,
  714. 30:32and hobbies and
  715. 30:35interests. You can see from the slide a
  716. 30:38picture of the Martekch stack that
  717. 30:41Redwing Shoes uses. This includes
  718. 30:46such solutions as Live Agent, Confirm
  719. 30:49It, YouTube, Sprouto Social, Excel,
  720. 30:53Dropbox, Google Analytics, Forester,
  721. 30:56Shuttertock, Linda.com, Basec Camp, and
  722. 31:00more. This is an example of how a
  723. 31:03variety of marketing technologies can
  724. 31:05work together in a cohesive martekch
  725. 31:07stack to deliver digital marketing
  726. 31:10capabilities for a brand.
  727. 31:19One of the features of the textbook
  728. 31:20we're using, Principles Marketing for a
  729. 31:22Digital Age, is the inclusion of a Prime
  730. 31:25cases box in each chapter of the book.
  731. 31:29Prime stands
  732. 31:33for principles for responsible
  733. 31:35management education. And the Prime
  734. 31:38initiative is a platform to bring
  735. 31:40awareness of sustainability issues
  736. 31:42facing the world to the attention of
  737. 31:44business students and to educate
  738. 31:46students as to how businesses can
  739. 31:48contribute thereby ensuring that
  740. 31:50students have the skills needed to
  741. 31:51balance the economic goals of business
  742. 31:53with the sustainability goals of the
  743. 31:55world. And the prime initiative
  744. 31:58specifically seeks to help to promote
  745. 32:02the UN's sustainable development goals
  746. 32:05or
  747. 32:06SGAAS. In 2015, the member states of the
  748. 32:09United Nations committed to pursue an
  749. 32:12ambitious plan to solve the world's
  750. 32:14greatest challenges and this was known
  751. 32:16as the 2030 agenda for sustainable
  752. 32:18development. At the heart of the plan
  753. 32:20are the 17 SDGs or sustainable
  754. 32:24development goals, also known as the
  755. 32:26global goals. These are shown on the
  756. 32:29slide and you can see all 17 of the
  757. 32:33goals listed here. With this noble
  758. 32:36mission in mind, each chapter in the
  759. 32:38principles of marketing for a digital
  760. 32:40age book includes a prime case that
  761. 32:43explains how a brand has applied the
  762. 32:45marketing lessons featured in that
  763. 32:47chapter to contribute to accomplishing
  764. 32:49one or more of the STGS. In this way, we
  765. 32:53have the opportunity to reinforce how
  766. 32:54the marketing concepts can be applied
  767. 32:57while also highlighting the valuable
  768. 32:58role businesses play in making the world
  769. 33:01a better place. You can learn more about
  770. 33:03the initiative by visiting the United
  771. 33:05Nations SG website and viewing videos on
  772. 33:08that
  773. 33:14website. In this chapter, we covered a
  774. 33:16lot of material. The review questions
  775. 33:19for the chapter are shown on the slide.
  776. 33:22You should be able to answer these
  777. 33:23questions having covered the material in
  778. 33:26the chapter and watched our video
  779. 33:29presentation.
  780. 33:30Some of the things that you should
  781. 33:32remember include the four stages of
  782. 33:34industrial revolution and how each stage
  783. 33:37influences the marketing orientation
  784. 33:39that prevailed during that time. You
  785. 33:42should also know the eras of marketing
  786. 33:44and how societal marketing and the era
  787. 33:47of marketing convergence differ from the
  788. 33:49errors that preceded the marketing
  789. 33:51concept. You should know how to define
  790. 33:54marketing and you should understand why
  791. 33:56utility is relevant to the study of
  792. 33:58marketing. Similarly, how can Maslo's
  793. 34:02need hierarchy be applied to personal
  794. 34:05and organizational needs? You should
  795. 34:07know the seven Ps of the marketing mix.
  796. 34:10These make up an offer. And of course,
  797. 34:13marketing is defined as going to market
  798. 34:15and we go to market with an offer. You
  799. 34:18should also be familiar with the some of
  800. 34:19the types of marketing decisions that
  801. 34:21are associated with each of the seven
  802. 34:23Ps. And lastly, we reviewed the forms of
  803. 34:26technology that are prevalent in
  804. 34:28industry 4.0. 0 and we looked at the use
  805. 34:31of martekch stacks to incorporate
  806. 34:34digital marketing technologies into our
  807. 34:38marketing operations in a way that help
  808. 34:40us facilitate our marketing objectives.

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