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Philippine Ecosystem Biodiversity — Transcript

by Jezzel Rabe · 6,312 words · 1,022 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:04biodiversity is a combination of the
0:06words biological and diversity which
0:09refers to the variability of forms of
0:11life in a specific area the word
0:13biological here is used as an adjective
0:16to describe the word diversity when we
0:19say biological it refers to something
0:21that has a life and we say diversity it
0:24refers to a collection of different
0:26things of the same kind for example here
0:30in the Philippines we have bananas but
0:32we don't only have one species of banana
0:36we have don't die banana we also have
0:40Cavendish we also have cats but
0:43different kind of cats we also have dogs
0:47with different kinds or species of dog
0:51so in short biodiversity came from the
0:55short end combination of the words
0:58biological and diversity and it refers
1:02to the variability of forms of life in a
1:05specific area
1:10in relation to this ecosystem
1:14bio-diversity
1:18there's a kind of biodiversity which
1:22refers to the number of ecosystems in a
1:25certain area for example there are a lot
1:29of ecosystems in the Philippines which
1:32will be the code later on in this video
1:37since there might be a confusion what is
1:39ecosystem biodiversity let us define
1:42first what is a closed system ecosystem
1:46refers to all living organisms
1:49interacting with its environment which
1:51is non living when we say living
1:55organisms it includes the three domains
1:58of life the eukaryote bacteria and IKEA
2:02and we say nonliving it includes the air
2:06water land or soil and the heat coming
2:12from the Sun which is something to do
2:13with the temperature
2:18ecosystem can also be as vast as a whole
2:21forest whereas the word fish as an
2:24accumulation of moss that gives an abode
2:26for plants microscopic invertebrates and
2:29bacteria saying that biodiversity is
2:33significant to humans for a majority of
2:36reasons
2:41for one it provides many resources of
2:46chemical and biological products
2:48including food fibers and medicine
2:53another it also brings about clean air
2:56clean water and fertile soil
3:01with that the purpose of this research
3:04is to delve into the rich ecosystem
3:07biodiversity of the pearl of the Orient
3:09Seas which is the Philippines
3:16moreover looking at biodiversity at the
3:20ecosystem level is a way of valuing and
3:23assessing the net richness of the
3:25Philippines taking in consideration the
3:28striking ecological functions and
3:30interrelationship of both the living and
3:32non-living components of the biosphere
3:35in a given location as well as the
3:37effects of natural phenomena and
3:39man-made environmental changes upon them
3:42obviously the Philippines is a great
3:45variety of geographic features from
3:47isolated islands enclosed by water to
3:50staggered mountain ranges and countless
3:52inland waters within them thus making
3:55the country favourable for the existence
3:58of a lot of types of eco system
4:02within this country topography diverges
4:06extensively from coastal wetlands to
4:09upland region watersheds it means loss
4:12that the country is home to many kinds
4:15of ecosystem which can be classified
4:19according to their defining features
4:25art with terrestrial ecosystem but what
4:29is the difference between the
4:31terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic
4:34ecosystems
4:39terrestrial ecosystems are
4:41differentiated from aquatic ecosystems
4:43because of its low availability of water
4:45and there is no number significance of
4:47water as its limiting factor it is also
4:50characterized by higher temperature
4:52changes on both a journal and seasonal
4:55basis than in aquatic ecosystems in the
4:57same climate because water has a high
5:00specific heat a high heat of
5:03vaporization and a high heat of fusion
5:05than the atmosphere all of which can
5:08improve thermal in constancies
5:13additionally the available light is more
5:16interessed really Co systems than in
5:18aquatic ecosystems because the
5:20atmosphere is extra transparent than
5:22water
5:29gases are more available in terrestrial
5:32ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems
5:35those gases are carbon dioxide that
5:38function as a substrate for
5:39photosynthesis oxygen that is a
5:41substrate in aerobic respiration and
5:44nitrogen that is a substrate for
5:46nitrogen fixation terrestrial ecosystems
5:52are divided into a subterranean portion
5:55where most water and ions are drawn and
5:57an atmospheric portion where gases are
6:01garnered and were the physical energy of
6:03light it chemically changed into the
6:05organic energy of carbon carbon burns
6:08through the process of photosynthesis
6:13furthermore terrestrial ecosystems are
6:16classified based on altitude ranging
6:18from sea level to 3000 metres above sea
6:21level presence of dominant forest
6:24species endemic or native plant amount
6:27of soil nutrients and moisture type of
6:30soil minerals and type of soil chemistry
6:37in this video we will discuss about the
6:41types of terrestrial ecosystems that is
6:44in the Philippines we have mossy forest
6:48montane forest pine forest lowland
6:52forest forest over ultra basic soil and
6:56beech forest
6:59the first example of direst really Co
7:02system which is in the Philippines is
7:04mossy forest also named as upper montane
7:08forest or cloud forest it is known for
7:13its creature like having short trees
7:16will not be trunk and branches it's
7:19short trees can grow as high as 8 meters
7:23in protected areas but only 2 to 3
7:26meters and ridge tops in the exposed
7:30steep only places shrubs with 1 meter
7:34height may be present
7:37mosses co tree trunks and branches while
7:41hanging in steep and the ground surfaces
7:44are covered by moss and leaf litter in a
7:46deep layer of you Moss it usually occurs
7:50from about 1700 meters elevation up to
7:55the highest peaks but on some large
7:57mountains on Mindanao masti forest
8:00begins at 2300 meters and on some ridge
8:04tops on low mountains mossy forest may
8:07be present as low as 1,000 meters photo
8:12carp Connie first with low height but
8:15large birth went up to 2 meters diameter
8:18at breast height are found in some mossy
8:21forest conifer Myrtle oak and other
8:27tree's are mostly common and
8:30rhododendron often is common shrubs ants
8:33and termites are not present and
8:37earthworms are abundant most trees have
8:41small lips tight ranging from 2
8:44centimeters before in 50 meters since
8:49this forest of course high in the
8:51mountains it is often on steep slopes
8:54and many areas are rocky rainfall
8:58typically keep 3 metres per year and
9:02marriage
9:035 to 8 metres in some years
9:06heavy fog is not uncommon daily high
9:10temperature typically range from 15
9:12degrees
9:13to 20 degrees Celsius but maybe lower on
9:17the highest peaks frost is sometimes
9:20present dies peaked on the zone during
9:23January and February another example of
9:27the rest really co system is montane
9:29forests in the year 2008
9:31lots of stated that montane forest does
9:34not only have a single family of trees
9:36it has Tom Connie first laurels Oaks and
9:42myrtles and many other families are calm
9:45on the trees usually don't have buttress
9:48nests and can reach 12 to 30 metres in
9:51height in relation to the Philippines
9:53Sanchez in the year 2017 said the dis
9:57habitat expands from seven or eight
9:59meters up to 1,000 meters some small
10:01low-lying islands but in Luzon a
10:04typically extends from about 900 meters
10:07up to about 1,600 meters and in Mindanao
10:11from 1,400 meters to as high as about
10:152,300 meters vines are common with vines
10:20of the palm Janice
10:21pretty neat sir arborea greatly Abunda
10:24peter plants Prince an orchid often grow
10:29on the trees Tom Moss grow on tree
10:33trunks and exposed roots ferns and leaf
10:38litter lay on the top of the ground and
10:41Tom you must is nearly always present
10:44and and thermite are almost absent but
10:49earthworms are common rainfall and
10:52montane forest is typically 2 to 3
10:56metres per year and dry seasons are
10:59shorter and less severe than in the
11:02lowlands daily high temperature
11:05typically range from 21 to 26 degrees
11:08Celsius with the annual average
11:10decreasing steadily with increasing
11:12elevation another example of the rest
11:15really Co system in the Philippines is
11:17pine forest in the year 2017 Sanchez
11:21explained that pine forest occurs on
11:24parts of Luzon and Mindanao
11:27where fires up or yearly up to about
11:29once every 20 years here we have an
11:34example the amount pull up toward a toe
11:37pine forest is elevated from about 900
11:41meters up to 2500 meters usually on
11:45rather steep slopes Brooker in the year
11:482014 observed that the understory of
11:51pine forest is almost pure grass in
11:54places where fires burn every few years
11:57with no you must a little leaf litter
12:00Bracken and other ferns can be found
12:04mostly in places with less frequent
12:07fires and as fires oak or still less
12:11frequently small native woody plants
12:15begin to dominate the area if no forest
12:21fires for several decades broadleaf
12:24plants gradually continue the pattern of
12:27plant succession leading their turn of
12:31the Montaigne or mostly broadleaf forest
12:35that occurred originally with no further
12:38recruitment of young pines so we have
12:41here another example of pine forest in
12:46the house Hema highway of bigot province
12:49in Luzon fourth example of the
12:52restaurant ecosystem is the lowland
12:54forest in the year 2003 but Kenan Keller
12:59said that lowland forest is overwhelmed
13:02by types of the pericarp family these
13:07trees for the most part have used
13:09buttresses and regularly surpass 40
13:12metres or more in tall nests fixed of
13:16numerous species are frequently bound to
13:19us and in the year 2017 sans best added
13:24also that this forest ranges from ocean
13:27level up to 700 metres on little
13:31low-lying islands and little secluded
13:34mountain ranges however may happen up to
13:391,500
13:40meters when huge mountain runs on
13:43Mindanao and up to around 1,100 meters
13:47on Luzon little mosque is available and
13:52liquor umas per leaf litter is available
13:56on the forest floor vines and epiphytes
14:00are reasonably common and and termites
14:05are bound just precipitation and lowland
14:09forests regularly runs from 2 to 2.5
14:13meters for each year and frequently is
14:16occasional with an articulated dry
14:19period of a while temperature regularly
14:23arrived at day by day highs of 28
14:27degrees celsius to 32 degree Celsius the
14:33fifth example of terrestrial ecosystem
14:36is forest over ultra basic soil in the
14:39year 2017 Sanchez says that in many
14:43dispersed places in the Philippines
14:44there are rock units known as a few
14:47lights that weather into soil that is
14:49known as ultra basic or ultramafic here
14:52we have an example on the left side and
14:55all TESOL on pre weathered sediments
14:57from basalt in sea level Southern Leyte
14:59and on the right side a nautical formed
15:02on three weathered sediments from basalt
15:05in valyrian later the soil in this type
15:10of ecosystem are plentiful in specific
15:14minerals for example nickel magnesium
15:17and iron however poor in others for
15:21example silica potassium calcium and
15:25phosphorus since the latter minerals are
15:29fundamental supplements for some plants
15:32places with ultra basic soils well in
15:35general have sports slow developing
15:37plants and a considerable lab of the
15:41plant species are adjusted to this
15:43natural surroundings on our uncommon or
15:46missing somewhere else more on the year
15:502008 added that any tree
15:53and bosses will in general have fake
15:56rough leaves and the plants are
15:58frequently stunted once in a while just
16:02a couple of metres tall the ground
16:06vegetation regularly incorporates
16:08numerous types of friends and some
16:11carnivorous plants for example picture
16:16plan and sanju little is known about the
16:22vertebrates that live in such places yet
16:25apparently their thickness will in
16:28general below and probably a few types
16:32of warm-blooded creatures give off an
16:35impression of being limited to these
16:38natural surroundings however too little
16:42is known to be sure since these
16:46territories have fixations at low
16:50thickness of surprising minerals they
16:53are regularly focused for intensive and
16:57extensive mining our sixth example of
17:02terrestrial ecosystem is open grassland
17:05in the year 2017 Sanchez stated that
17:08open grasslands occur in places that
17:11burn as often as possible
17:12in certain spots at middle elevation on
17:16Luzon and mineral particularly on steep
17:18slopes pine trees will develop sparsely
17:21in the open grassland in lowland areas
17:24the grasses are typically so grass
17:26particularly coal gone and the liheap
17:29here we have an example of mossy forest
17:32covers much of mount Pulag up to about
17:352007 herd meters above which is open
17:39grassland that is maintained by fire so
17:42this is mount Pulag in bingette province
17:46Luzon on the peak of the probably most
17:53noteworthy mountains most strikingly
17:57mount Pulag in the central Cordillera of
18:01northern luzon fields above around 2700
18:06meters are made
18:07out of smaller dwarf vine like bamboo
18:11and grasses Johnston in the year 2017
18:17also added that there is frequently an
18:20abrupt boundary between mossy forest and
18:24grassland in such places determined by
18:27the extent of fires in recent years at
18:30the point when fire is pickled in
18:33grassland wide leaf vegetation
18:37continuously returns helped by different
18:40creatures especially bats and birds that
18:43scatter seeds most open grassland is
18:46exceptionally inefficient for any
18:49agriculture purpose and gives living
18:52space for very few native animals our
18:56last example of terrestrial ecosystem is
19:02the beech forest in the year 1998
19:05whitman said that beech forest is most
19:08likely as significant as mangroves in
19:11filling in as the primary line of
19:14safeguard human during strong winds and
19:17rampaging ocean waters in times of
19:21stormy climate some portion of the
19:24buffering capacity of beech forest is
19:26the filtering of flood waters of the
19:30suspended soil particles before arriving
19:34at the ocean thus preventing
19:36sedimentation of coastal waters that
19:39would deal coral reefs in addition in
19:42the year 1999 hunter noted that before
19:47beech forests framed a continuum with
19:51mangroves and off shore side and the
19:53landward
19:54the Terra Cotta forest on the landward
19:56side they fill in as ecotone or
20:00transition between terrestrial and
20:03marine biota communities a few types of
20:07salt tolerant plants are found in beech
20:09forests numerous species go through part
20:13of their life history or forage in beech
20:16forests too regular examples are
20:21the table oon foul and the marine
20:24Turtles
20:25the two of which home on beach forests
20:28most Philippine beach forest has been
20:31lost to human improvement ventures and
20:34huge numbers of our youngsters today
20:36don't have any thought of what they
20:38resemble after discussing terrestrial
20:41ecosystem let's go to aquatic ecosystem
20:44and let's discuss its first subtype
20:46which is the freshwater ecosystem so on
20:49is freshwater ecosystem freshwater
20:52ecosystems are shown and essential
20:54biological job and give economically
20:56important products and services they
20:59give basic living spaces to an enormous
21:01number of aquatic plants fishes reptiles
21:04birds and mammals they have numerous
21:07migratory and threatened species of
21:09birds reptiles and fish the freshwater
21:12ecosystems
21:13according to Padua and his colleagues in
21:16a year 2011 are areas of tourist
21:19attraction by providing recreation sites
21:21per game and bird-watching
21:23apart from this freshwater ecosystems
21:27especially vegetated wetlands assume a
21:29significant role in mitigation against
21:32atmosphere inconstancy they do a search
21:35through several vikas system capacity
21:37including flood control water refinement
21:40shoreline stabilization and
21:42sequestration of carbon dioxide appt
21:45landscape level wetlands control soil
21:48erosion and retain sediments and in so
21:50doing concentrate nutrients in their
21:53wetland soil they additionally gain
21:57financial advantages such as freshwater
21:59fisheries few in wood building material
22:03medicinal products honey and foliage for
22:06livestock and Wildlife
22:08what must also provide 14 land for
22:11agriculture
22:12mineral salt sand and soil for making
22:15earthenware and building blocks in the
22:19year 2012 Len and his colleague said
22:21that freshwater ecosystems in general
22:24are critical to poverty alleviation and
22:26creation of employment and wealth also
22:30freshwater ecosystems give water to home
22:33and cultivate you
22:34and four amuse and for power generation
22:36and industrial development their
22:40biodiversity underpin recreation
22:43exercises and travel industry the
22:47freshwater ecosystem also controls
22:50stream and improve water quality through
22:53residue filtration and absorption of
22:56heavy metals and other harmful toxins
23:00wetlands ingest and storage amount of
23:03water and flood water consequently
23:06encouraging reviving of underground
23:09water in the year 2009 Hector and will
23:14be said that by energizing underground
23:17aquifer the water table is raised thus
23:20making groundwater accessible in Springs
23:23and wells to help domestic industrial
23:26and agricultural activities we have five
23:31types of freshwater ecosystem we have
23:35lake pond river stream and marsh the
23:44first example of freshwater ecosystem is
23:47a lake a lake is a waterway that is
23:49surrounded by land there are great lakes
23:52on the planet they are found on each
23:54continent and in each sort of
23:56environment for example in mountains and
23:59deserts or in fields and clothes
24:00seizures here in the Philippines we have
24:03laguna de Bie which is the largest lake
24:05in the philippines and the third largest
24:07freshwater lake in southeast asia they
24:10also have lake lanao which is situated
24:13just south of Merari and is the second
24:15largest lake in the philippines lake or
24:20any generally enormous large body of
24:23gradually moving or standing water that
24:26possesses an inland basin of
24:28considerable size temperature light and
24:32wind are three of the fundamental
24:35factors that influence the physical
24:37attributes of a lake temperature and
24:39light left wake from the lake the lake
24:41that plant development broke down
24:45materials time of the day
24:47season and latitude would all be able to
24:51influence lights capacity to go through
24:53the Lakes water light and wind influence
24:58the temperature in lakes sunlight warms
25:00the water and wind chills it off most
25:04lakes experience a procedure called
25:07thermal certificate on thermal
25:10certification on reference to a Lakes
25:12three principal layers each with a
25:15different temperature change a lake a
25:21lowest layer is the opinion it's center
25:26layer is the metal immune or thermocline
25:28and the most profound layer is de hypo
25:32aluminum the most significant chemicals
25:35in a lake are nitrogen and phosphorus
25:38these chemicals permit nutrient-rich
25:41plant and algae growth to develop
25:43different living beings creeds of these
25:47plants and algae growth making a complex
25:51healthy ecosystem the chemistry of a
25:55lake is influenced by natural
25:58geographical and human procedures the
26:02equalization of nutrients might be
26:05modified by biological phenomena first
26:09for example algal blossoms when algal
26:12growth record its so quickly
26:14it keeps any nutrients from coming to
26:16underneath the lakes surface another one
26:19which is a common procedure for example
26:22the eruption of a nearby volcano can
26:25change the substance part of a lake by
26:28presenting new gases or minerals another
26:32contamination for example the
26:34presentation of poisonous synthetic
26:36compounds from industry or farming can
26:39likewise influence a Lakes chemistry the
26:45measure of oxygen and pH level can also
26:49influence a Lakes chemistry a lake must
26:52have a solid measure of oxygen to
26:55support life lakes that need more oxygen
26:58to continue life are about your peak
27:01the pH level is a chemical property of
27:05all substances a substance pH level
27:10demonstrates whether it is an acid or a
27:13base substances with a pH of under seven
27:16are acidic substances with a pH more
27:20notoriety than seven are basic cliques
27:25have diverse pH levels with life
27:28adjusting to various chemical
27:31environments in addition to this in the
27:35year 2012 Amoroso and his colleagues
27:38said that plants growing along the
27:41lakeshore may incorporate mosses ferns
27:45reeds rushes and Pat ales different
27:49creatures live close to the lake for
27:51example bats and semi aquatic animals
27:54like mink lizards beavers and turtles
27:57these semi aquatic animals need both
28:01water and land to survive
28:03so both the lake and the shore are
28:05important to them
28:07numerous sorts of water birds lives on
28:10lakes or gather there to breed and raise
28:13their young Ducks are the most widely
28:16recognized lake birds other incorporate
28:21swans geese loons kingfishers herons and
28:26bald eagles numerous individuals think
28:29fish when they think lakes probably the
28:32most widely recognized fish found in
28:35lakes are little shiners sunfish perch
28:37bass crappie muskie Wally's leg trout
28:41Pike eels cut fish salmon and sturgeon a
28:46significant number of these give
28:48nutrients or nourishment to people
28:53another example of a freshwater
28:55ecosystem is a pond a pond ecosystem
28:58alludes to the freshwater environment
29:00where there are networks of living the
29:02ink reliant on one another with a common
29:05water condition further nutrients and
29:07survival here in the Philippines you
29:09have small aquaculture pond in eastern
29:11summer and you also have borne the
29:13Hidden Valley Resort
29:15you
29:18you
29:21are shallow bodies of water with 12 to
29:2415 feet in which the sunbeams can and
29:28third to the base allowing the
29:31development of plants there so the
29:33profundity of bonds are 12 to 15 feet
29:39based on a profundity of water
29:41infiltration of light and the kinds of
29:44plants and animals in the pond the pond
29:47is partitioned into various zones first
29:51is the littoral zone which incorporates
29:54plentiful established vegetation and
29:57various kinds of consumers as a result
30:00of its peripheral shallow water zone in
30:02which light can reach up to the base and
30:05it contains warm and oxygen-rich
30:07coursing water another is the limiting
30:11zone which is central piece of a point
30:13of the where there is infiltration of
30:16effective life it has related organisms
30:18like small crustaceans rotifers insects
30:22and their larvae and I'll gain its water
30:27level oxygen content and temperature
30:30worry from time to time
30:33the composers are practically meeting
30:36here
30:37lastly we have the profundo zone which
30:43is the deep water region where there is
30:45no viable light infiltration there the
30:49microscopic plants and the composers are
30:51available so it is called hypo healing
30:55moon in addition to that the thermal
30:59certification of bonds alludes to an
31:02adjustment in the temperature at various
31:05depth in the ponds and it is because of
31:08progress in waters density with
31:12temperature thermal variety impacts the
31:17aquatic life and prompts the
31:19stratification of the pond there are
31:23three unique regions in the lake which
31:29the pond also has we have the a filament
31:34the firm
31:34Klein and hypo Lebanon if allah miyan or
31:41the zone of progressively diminishing
31:43temperature from the surface thermocline
31:46are quickly falling temperature and the
31:51high poly mignon which is the base zone
31:54where no temperature gradient is evident
32:00basalt oxygen is the measure of oxygen
32:04required by microscopic organisms in the
32:07pond in a unit volume of water at a
32:10predefined time it also alludes to the
32:14degree of free nhanh compound oxygen the
32:17soap or present in water or some other
32:20fluid
32:22it contains two principal segments for
32:26example biotic and by your tip in the
32:31year 2008 Freeman also added that a
32:36biotic substances of bond biological
32:39system are framed because of the blend
32:42of some natural and inorganic materials
32:44they have straightforwardly or by
32:48implication impact in aquatic organisms
32:52of the pond these incorporate light
32:57temperature broke down oxygen carbon
33:02dioxide different gases pH of water
33:06turbidity and disintegrated minerals the
33:11biotic segments of bond ecosystem are
33:15the living parts which comprise of
33:18producers consumers and decomposers
33:22another example or the third example of
33:26freshwater ecosystem is River ecosystem
33:29River ecosystem have streaming water
33:32that is generally unidirectional a
33:34condition of constant physical change a
33:37wide range of an evolving micro habitats
33:41variability in the flow rate of water
33:43and plants and animals that have
33:45adjusted to live inside water flow
33:48ditions here in the Philippines we have
33:52in a to an enchanted river and loboc
33:55river in Bohol with this the main factor
34:02that makes River ecology unique in
34:04relation to other water ecosystems is
34:07known as a low-tech or flowing water
34:09system the quality of water flow shapes
34:13from heavy rapids to slow backwaters the
34:18speed of water additionally be first and
34:21is dependent upon chaotic turbulence
34:23flow can be influenced by an expected
34:27water contribution from downpour and
34:29groundwater water flow can adjust the
34:34state of riverbeds through erosion and
34:37sedimentation making a variety of
34:39evolving natural surroundings
34:42also the substrate water temperature
34:46oxygen and bacteria are all important
34:49elements of River ecosystem additionally
34:53algae are the most north or at the
34:56wellspring of essential nourishment in
34:59many rivers or streams plants are best
35:02in slow air currents a few plants for
35:05example mosses connect themselves to
35:07solid objects a few plants are
35:11free-floating for example duck weed or
35:14water hyacinth others are established in
35:19regions of decreased current where
35:22sediment is found water currents give
35:28oxygen and nutrients to plants plants
35:35check out animals from the Quran and
35:38read a thirst and give a food source it
35:42is said by Johnson in the year 2017
35:47furthermore in vertebrates that have no
35:50spine or spinal segments like crayfish
35:54snail limpets mollusk and mussels are
35:57found in Reverse complex invertebrates a
36:02the river system are insects they can be
36:06found in pretty much every accessible
36:09available habitat on the water surface
36:13on and under stones in or beneath the
36:17substrate or of drift the Kirtland some
36:21stay away from high currents and close
36:23by living in a substrate territory while
36:27others have adjusted by living under
36:29shielded downstream side of rocks
36:34invertebrates depend on the current to
36:37bring them food and oxygen they are the
36:40both consumers and prey in river systems
36:43also in this kind of ecosystem the
36:47capacity of fish to live in a river
36:49system relies upon their speed and span
36:52of that speed it takes huge energy to
36:55swim against the current
36:56this ability Voris and is related to the
37:00area of habitat the fish may occupy in
37:04the river most fish will in general stay
37:07near the base the banks or behind
37:10obstacles swimming in the current just a
37:13feed or change area a few animal groups
37:17never go into the current most river
37:20systems irregularly associated with
37:23other low-tech systems like Springs
37:25wetlands waterways streams and oceans
37:27and many fish have life cycles that
37:31require stages in other systems fish are
37:35significant consumers and prey species
37:40lastly countless flying birds
37:44additionally possess River ecosystem
37:47however they are not attached to the
37:49water as fish and invest a portion of
37:53their energy in terrestrial belonging or
37:55from the land this term is frequently
37:58used to depict plants and animals which
38:01means they live on the land territories
38:05fish and water in vertebrates are a
38:09significant food source for water
38:11feathered Birds in a river ecosystem
38:16another example of freshwater ecosystem
38:19it's a stream a stream moved through our
38:21forests it's unmistakable water surges
38:24over up and whirls in to be full the
38:27water looks and feel yet it is scent it
38:30is home to numerous plants and animals a
38:33lot progressively live along its bunk
38:35the plans the animals and the stream
38:37itself are all piece of a little
38:39ecosystem a community of living and
38:42unliving things here in the Philippines
38:44we have a stream at Hidden Valley
38:49additionally fish insects birds and
38:53other living things that are a piece of
38:55this community rely upon the stream and
38:57each other to survive all aspects of the
39:01ecosystem have a task to carry out
39:03indeed even the daylight the channels
39:06through the trees is significant
39:09furthermore a stream is a home for water
39:12nurseries and a nursery for youthful
39:15insects it gives water and carries
39:18daylight of land the living things in
39:21and around the stream rely upon the
39:23stream and they rely upon each other the
39:27plants give nourishment the insects and
39:29different animals a portion of the plant
39:32eaters become food for today towards
39:34reading first shell the quantity of
39:37plant eaters from becoming excessively
39:40huge so the plants are not of all it
39:43within our last and fifth example of
39:45freshwater ecosystem is a marsh near
39:482008 more in his book entitled wetland
39:52said that Marsh is a sort of wetland
39:54ecosystem described by an adequately
39:56defeated mineral soils and by vegetation
39:59dominated by grasses the latter craftily
40:03stick distinguishes a marsh from a swamp
40:05as vegetation is ruled by trees the
40:08quantity of plant species in marshes if
40:10not many compared with those that
40:12develop on well watered however not all
40:15Amblin grasses rust like sedges and Reed
40:19rushes of major importance wild rice is
40:23of some commercial importance yet true
40:26rice is without a doubt by a wide margin
40:29most significant marsh plan and supplies
40:32a significant segment of the world's
40:34grain fibrous root and grasses bind the
40:37mods together and further of strap water
40:40flow in this manner encouraging the
40:43spread of both the Delta and the bub
40:46marshes occur in the Delta's of the vast
40:49majority of the world's Extra Ordinary
40:53rivers in the Philippines the busan
40:56March Wildlife Sanctuary is an immense
40:59wetland and swamp forest water forces
41:01and leaks covering at the Victorian
41:03almost 15,000 at first it is available
41:07through a 1 and 1/2 or motorized boat
41:09ride from the township of who now want a
41:12lease underscore the marsh is
41:14additionally important habitat for
41:16Philippine crocodiles and water birds
41:18for example types of wild ducks herons
41:22and egrets it is additionally the
41:26shelter of the uncommon oriental
41:28d'Arthur and purple swamp head and the
41:31threatened philippine hawk ego spotted
41:34Imperial pigeon and Rufus Lord
41:36Kingfisher another one is the Leguizamo
41:41marsh in south focal Mindanao it is the
41:43biggest swamp on more territory in the
41:45island it is a huge complex of river
41:48channels little freshwater lakes and
41:51ponds broad freshwater marshes and
41:54arable land subject occasional flooding
41:57in the basin of mindanao rebirth a large
42:01portion of the third tour is submerged
42:04during times of substantial
42:05precipitation however somewhere in the
42:08range of 140,000 had thirst dry out
42:12during dry periods and are developed
42:16several threatened species from been
42:19recorded of it including philippine
42:21eagle however there is minimal recent
42:24data under status there almost certainly
42:27the moderately lowland forest right now
42:30support populations of more of the
42:33threatened and restricted range birds of
42:37the Mindanao and Eastern Visayas endemic
42:40bird area
42:42the marsh is a significant wetland site
42:45and supports inhabitants or non breeding
42:49populations of numerous water bird
42:52species including herons and egrets
42:55trails shorebirds and duck these
43:00incorporates Mindanao endemic subspecies
43:04of rails sake baptists coca-cola's
43:08Cotabato and conflict
43:10hapana era para the linnethia for which
43:14League Weston is the only locality in
43:17the Philippines another subtype of
43:22aquatic ecosystem aside from freshwater
43:25ecosystem is the brackish or as terrain
43:29ecosystem brackish or restoring
43:32ecosystem is found along the shoreline
43:34and extending seaward found mostly in
43:38the mouths of rivers classified bass and
43:41dominant species or genera and coastal
43:45wetlands were sea water and fresh water
43:48mix that is according to my tea and my
43:52tea in the year 2011 the first example
43:56of a brackish or restoring ecosystem is
44:00mangrove swamps mangrove swamps are
44:06coastal wetlands found in tropical and
44:08subtropical regions they are
44:11characterized by hollow ethic or sought
44:15loving trees shrubs and other plants
44:18growing in brackish - saline tidal
44:21waters in the Philippines we have candy
44:27high mangrove forests in Bohol and we
44:30also have Binaca on island mangrove
44:33forests in Bohol again these wetlands
44:40are often found in a forest where
44:42freshwater meets salt water and are in
44:46famous further impenetrable maze of
44:49woody vegetation mangrove trees dominate
44:54this wetland echoes
44:56system due to their ability to survive
44:58in both salt and freshwater in the year
45:032009 Kabang bank said that wide
45:07diversity of animals are found in
45:10mangrove swamps
45:11since these estuarine swamps are
45:14constantly replenished with nutrients
45:17transported by freshwater runoff from
45:19the land and flushed by the ebb and flow
45:23of the tides they support a bursting
45:25population of bacteria and other
45:27decomposers and filter feeders this
45:32ecosystem sustained billions of worms
45:37protozoa barnacles or is thirst and
45:41other invertebrates these organisms in
45:46turn feed fish and shrimp which support
45:49wading birds pelicans and endangered
45:53crocodile another subtype of aquatic
45:57ecosystem is saltwater or marine
45:59ecosystem thought water ecosystem has a
46:02large salt composition compared to
46:05freshwater and covers nearly half of the
46:08earth because of tidal action the flora
46:11saltwater or marine ecosystem are
46:15constantly changing in the year 2008
46:19they said that salt water or marine
46:23ecosystem has coastal marine wetlands
46:27and classified based on dominant species
46:31or taxa physical features and geography
46:36the first example of a saltwater or
46:40marine ecosystem is seagrass ecosystem
46:45the seagrass ecosystem is defined as a
46:49unit of biological organization
46:51comprised of interacting biotic and
46:54abiotic components it is comprising of
46:58aquatic flowering plants that can live
47:00in seawater here we have the seagrass
47:05ecosystem
47:06Afghan long need to be gone the whole
47:09primarily seagrass supports biodiversity
47:13by functioning as a food source for
47:16grazing and the treatise feeding
47:18creatures they can also be a nursery for
47:22young fish crustaceans and other reef
47:25organisms in addition seagrass is able
47:31to recycle nutrients from sediments back
47:34to the open sea while also functioning
47:37to stabilize sediments ensuring the
47:40integrity of the seabed as such seagrass
47:44also functions as a buffer against wave
47:47or storm related damage to its immediate
47:50vicinity protecting the life forms that
47:53make it their natural habitat another is
47:58soft bottom ecosystem
48:02another type of aquatic or marine
48:04ecosystem or salt water ecosystem is the
48:09soft bottom ecosystem which is an area
48:14where sediments have accumulated organic
48:19matter coming from plants and animals
48:23and other sources of nutrients settle at
48:27the bottom and become food for deposit
48:30feeders bottom-dwelling fish as well as
48:34for invertebrates
48:35decomposers and microbial life forms
48:39soft bottom ecosystem vary based on the
48:43size and grain of the sediments same
48:46with the majority of marine ecosystem in
48:48the Philippines unsustainable fishing
48:51and aquaculture practices are the main
48:54threats to sea grass and soft bottom
48:56ecosystems
48:57worse yet with majority of the attention
49:00for conservation efforts being
49:02concentrated on terrestrial wetland and
49:05coral reef ecosystems this equally
49:08important and diversity rich ecosystems
49:11tend to be overlooked in the Philippines
49:16soft bottom ecosystem can be found in
49:20more abundant Cavite
49:22another example of salt water or marine
49:25ecosystem is coral reef ecosystem where
49:28as forests our distinctive feature of
49:30the Philippines that has trailed by a
49:31diversity coral reefs give the country a
49:35likewise sterling reputation when it
49:37comes to aquatic ecosystems owing 5% of
49:41the world's total six times 17 squared
49:43kilometers of coral reefs the
49:45Philippines is a part of the world's
49:48Coral Triangle joining Indonesia
49:50Malaysia Papua New Guinea the Solomon
49:53Islands Santa more realistic as
49:55countries that bear the most extensive
49:57coral reef ecosystems in the world in
50:00fact birdy island in Batangas have been
50:04noted to be the center of the center of
50:07marine biodiversity in the world thus
50:10according to sanchez in the year 2017
50:13here in a picture you can see a coral
50:15reef ecosystem in baccala Castle Island
50:18behold coral reefs are comprised of
50:23massive deposits of calcium carbonate
50:26that takes centuries to produce and
50:29develop because of such a long process
50:31coral reefs are very delicate ecosystems
50:35and are due to extensive protective
50:38measures a recent example of damage
50:41occur at the Tubbataha reef in the Sulu
50:43Sea in January 2013 were approximating
50:461,000 squared meters of coral reef was
50:49damaged this according to a morose on
50:52his Quigs in the year 2012 these
50:57ecosystems are the natural habitats of
50:59fish species and other marine organisms
51:02we're feeding breeding and spawning
51:05happens at incredibly productive levels
51:08they also serve as natural breakwaters
51:11that protect coastal areas from waves
51:13and storms facilitate Coraline's and
51:17production that create remarkable white
51:19sand beaches that are a hit among
51:21tourists and it and enable oxygen
51:25production through supporting
51:27photosynthetic algae coral reef damage
51:30is a serious concern here in
51:35sure you can see a slight picked on
51:40tabata hurry in Palawan our last
51:45ecosystem is the special ecosystem this
51:49is an unexpected ecosystem that I will
51:53find during my research it was cited by
51:58Sanchez in the year 2017 he said that
52:04this ecosystem has hollow spaces or
52:07cavities beneath the surface of the
52:09earth often with one or several openings
52:12to the surface and may be classified
52:15based on the nature of mineral deposits
52:17and geological formations an example of
52:21this is cave ecosystem as you probably
52:24learned in biology class all life
52:26depends on sunlight a process known as
52:29photosynthesis this is true even for our
52:32deepest darkest part of a cave otherwise
52:35known as the dark zone here we have the
52:38hull bigger or lang on Kobe no cave in
52:41summer and Monfort but sanctuary in
52:45island garden city of sam'l we know that
52:50no green plants can grow in the burn
52:52zone in relation to this one way for
52:55food to get into a cave is through
52:58natural weather events like floods
53:00excess rainwater washes leaves twigs and
53:04plants into a cave providing Munch's for
53:06insects and other animals another way
53:11that proteins enter a cave is simply
53:14with animals like draw Gluckstein and
53:18draw blue files bring it in in addition
53:22yet another food tourist for cave
53:25organisms is one you probably haven't
53:28thought about is guano guano is full of
53:32organic matter and troglobites love to
53:35feed in this stuff it's the scientific
53:39term for bat poop
53:41imagine one oh but coop but nest beep
53:46inside duck
53:48other droppings will pile up several
53:51feet high and several feet wide very few
53:55animals can feed directly on these
53:57things but materia and fungi found in
54:01the cave can decompose guano into basic
54:04food and nutrients ranca in the year
54:082020 also stated like all the different
54:12organisms in a cave depend in each other
54:15for survival it is known as food chain
54:20and it works starting at the bottom
54:22organic material such as guano other
54:26animal droppings and washed in plants
54:29provide a haven for fungus and
54:31microscopic bacteria which feed from the
54:34organic material breaking it into simple
54:37nutrients then millipedes and pineco
54:41stations feed on the fungus bacteria and
54:45the nutrients left behind bigger insects
54:49such as cave beetles feed on these
54:51millipedes crustaceans and even the eggs
54:55of cave crickets centipedes cave spiders
55:00salamanders and cave fish feed on
55:03insects smaller than them some cave
55:07centipedes grow so large they've been
55:10spotted feasting on BOTS

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