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Overhead Crane Safety DSI — Transcript

by Higgins fam · 2,359 words · 427 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:05welcome to the overhead industrial
0:07cranes safety training module
0:10this module will cover the following
0:12topics
0:14what overhead cranes are
0:17how they work
0:19how to perform safety inspections on
0:20overhead cranes
0:22and
0:23safe procedures for working with an
0:25overhead crane
0:30cranes are machines used to lift and
0:33move heavy loads
0:35because of their great power cranes can
0:37be the most dangerous piece of equipment
0:39at a work site
0:40every year in the united states crane
0:43related accidents lead to hundreds of
0:45injuries
0:46several dozen deaths and millions of
0:49dollars in property damage
0:51because of the potential for accidents
0:54operating a crane requires great
0:56responsibility
1:00cranes are used in factories warehouses
1:04and shipyards to provide lifting and
1:06movement of heavy objects within the
1:08area covered by the crane's area of
1:10operation
1:13three primary types of cranes are used
1:15in industrial settings
1:17bridge cranes
1:19gantry cranes
1:21and jib cranes
1:25bridge cranes are mounted on parallel
1:27rails attached to elevated wall
1:29structures
1:31the bridge is a beam that runs between
1:33the two rails
1:34a trolley with a hoist mechanism travels
1:37back and forth on the
1:38bridge gantry cranes have a bridge
1:42supported by two legs that move along
1:44floor mounted rails or on wheels
1:47as with the bridge crane a trolley runs
1:50back and forth on the bridge
1:53jib cranes
1:54have a jib or a boom that is mounted to
1:57a wall or a mast
1:59the jib crane swings in an arc around
2:01its pivot and the trolley runs from end
2:04to end on the jib
2:08the term rigging refers to any equipment
2:12used to attach a load to the crane's
2:14hook
2:16slings are the most common type of
2:17rigging they support a load by wrapping
2:20around it or by connecting to it
2:22other examples of below the hook rigging
2:24devices are
2:26clamps
2:29magnets
2:31vacuum lifters
2:34sea hooks
2:36and spreader beams
2:39knowing safe rigging practices can be
2:41just as important as knowing how to
2:42operate a crane
2:44for more details on rigging practices
2:47check out our crane rigging safety
2:49module
2:53industrial overhead cranes have
2:55controllers that give the operator
2:57control of all of the crane movements
3:00bridge travel trolley travel and hoist
3:03raise and lower
3:05the controller will either be a pendant
3:07control meaning it's hardwired to the
3:10crane structure
3:11or a wireless radio control
3:14some cranes will have both with the
3:16pendant control acting as backup to the
3:19radio control
3:21a pendant control requires the operator
3:24to walk with the load as it travels
3:26along the bridge
3:32are three things that must be verified
3:34before a lift is attempted
3:36the crane and rigging must have been
3:38inspected
3:40the crane and rigging must have enough
3:42capacity to lift the load
3:44and
3:45the load and rigging must be stable
3:48the following section will show you how
3:50these concerns are addressed
3:55the first thing to inspect before using
3:57a crane is the area where the crane will
3:59operate
4:00the area should be clear of obstacles
4:02that would prevent the safe movement of
4:04the crane and the load
4:06remove any obstacles that someone might
4:09trip on
4:10clean up any liquids on the floor that
4:11might be a slipping hazard if there is
4:14liquid on the floor ensure that it
4:17didn't leak from a crane component
4:20check out the intended path of the load
4:23make sure it is clear of personnel and
4:25any obstacles such as debris vehicles or
4:29other equipment that might block the
4:31load's movement
4:33don't just look on the floor
4:35look up too there may be obstacles
4:38blocking the movement of the crane
4:39bridge that might not be obvious
4:46a visual inspection of the crane
4:48components must be completed by the
4:50operator before the crane is turned on
4:53the operator should look for any
4:54problems with the main crane mechanisms
4:57that would interfere with proper
4:58operation
5:00this includes problems with the bridge
5:02or trolley
5:03the operator should look for any
5:05deterioration or leakage in any
5:07pneumatic or hydraulic lines or
5:09components
5:10your workplace will have its own
5:12checklist of specific inspections that
5:14must be done before crane operation
5:20the hoists on different cranes use
5:22different hoisting lines
5:25wire rope is used on larger cranes
5:28smaller cranes can use link chain
5:31leaf chain or roller chain
5:34operators must perform a simple visual
5:36inspection of all hoist lines and main
5:39rigging lines before operating the crane
5:43for wire ropes look for problems such as
5:47broken strands
5:49kinking
5:50bird caging and knots
5:54for chain links look for distorted links
5:57or cracked links
5:59if there is any problem with a rope or
6:01chain it should be rejected
6:04when in doubt about whether a rope or
6:06chain is safe talk to a supervisor
6:08before lifting
6:13hooks can be damaged from normal wear
6:15and tear or from lifting heavy loads
6:19reject hooks with either of the
6:20following problems
6:23stretched more than five percent in
6:25excess of the normal throat opening
6:28or
6:29twisted more than 10 degrees from the
6:31plane of the unbent hook
6:35after visually inspecting the work area
6:37and the crane a test of the crane's
6:40movements must be performed
6:42the primary movements for most cranes
6:45are
6:46bridge movement in both directions
6:49trolley movement in both directions
6:53and
6:54hoist movement raise and lower
6:57verify that the crane operates correctly
7:00with no problems when running the crane
7:03look for unusual movement and listen for
7:05unusual noise that could indicate a
7:07problem
7:09also test the brakes and the emergency
7:11stop brake to make sure the brake is
7:13working for all three types of crane
7:15movement
7:18some cranes have status lights that tell
7:21whether the crane is currently powered
7:23or unpowered
7:24if your crane has these lights check to
7:27make sure they are working correctly
7:30cranes must have an audible alarm that
7:32sounds when the crane is moving
7:34unless the crane operator can clearly
7:36see the entire path of travel
7:39test all warning bells or alarms on the
7:41crane
7:43alarms should be loud enough to be heard
7:45over the site's ambient noise
7:50along with the trolley and bridge
7:52movement inspection it's very important
7:55to check the limit switches
7:58the upper limit switch is a safety
8:00device that prevents the load block from
8:02contacting the hoist assembly
8:05if the block rises too high and trips
8:07the upper limit switch the switch is
8:09designed to shut the crane off
8:13some cranes have a lower limit switch
8:15that provides the same protection when a
8:17hoist is extended all the way down
8:21limit switches are only an emergency
8:23device
8:24never use a limit switch as a way to
8:27raise a load all the way up or lower it
8:29all the way down
8:34to test the limit switch
8:36start with the load block a couple feet
8:38from the limit switch slowly inch the
8:41hoist upward by going quickly back and
8:43forth between the raise control and
8:45neutral
8:47if the limit switch works and stops the
8:49load block
8:50lower the block a few feet and raise it
8:53again at full speed
8:57if the limit switch doesn't work at any
8:59point in the testing process
9:01stop using the crane immediately put out
9:04a warning tag and notify your supervisor
9:10safety inspections are very important
9:13always perform all inspections required
9:15by your workplace before use
9:18if you find equipment that is not safe
9:20to use it is your duty to report the
9:22problem so that it can be repaired
9:26if the crane or the rigging has problems
9:29and must be left unattended place
9:31warning tags in a visible location so
9:34everyone will know to not operate the
9:35crane
9:37more extensive inspections of cranes and
9:39crane components are required at longer
9:42intervals
9:44these extensive inspections are done by
9:46qualified personnel
9:48not by the crane operator
9:52the most important factor when lifting
9:55is to make sure you don't lift more than
9:57the crane or the rigging can handle
10:00before lifting any load you should know
10:03the load capacity of the crane
10:08the load capacity of the rigging
10:12and the weight of the load
10:15when in doubt about whether a crane or
10:17rigging equipment is rated to lift a
10:19load
10:20talk to your supervisor
10:25the most important factor when using a
10:26sling is the sling angle
10:30a sling can lift the most when the sling
10:32legs are closest to vertical and the
10:35sling angle is near 90 degrees
10:37the smaller the sling angle gets the
10:40smaller the sling's load capacity gets
10:43the closer to horizontal the sling legs
10:45get the more stress is put on the sling
10:49this is easy to see with a real world
10:51example
10:52which of the following two tasks would
10:54be easier
10:55holding two buckets with your arms down
10:57at your side or holding the buckets with
10:59your arms straight out
11:01it's easier when your arms are straight
11:03down because your arms have a greater
11:05lifting capacity when the load's center
11:07of gravity is beneath the lifting force
11:11it is the same with a sling
11:13a one ton load can produce several tons
11:15of stress on each sling arm at a low
11:18sling angle
11:19this is why spreader and lifting beams
11:21are used for longer loads they make the
11:23sling legs more vertical
11:26manufacturer supplied load charts give
11:28the capacity of slings at different
11:30angles
11:32if there is a doubt about the safety of
11:34a rigging job let your supervisor know
11:40when working near or with people a crane
11:43operator must be extra cautious
11:46a good crane operator always errs on the
11:49side of caution and never puts anyone in
11:52harm's way
11:54always be aware of your area of
11:56operation before you start a lift
11:59be aware of nearby people and be sure
12:01that they are not too close to the crane
12:04when working near people remember these
12:06additional warnings
12:09never move a load over a person
12:12never allow anyone to ride on a load
12:15and
12:16never let people get in pinch points
12:18between the load and other obstacles
12:20such as walls or products
12:25before lifting be sure to position the
12:28hoist directly above the load
12:31cranes are only designed to lift
12:33straight up not from the side
12:38lifting a load from the side is called
12:40side loading
12:42this can increase the stress on the
12:43crane
12:44cause crane damage
12:46and cause the load to swing
12:49be sure the load is stable in its
12:51rigging
12:52if the load has an abnormal center of
12:54gravity take this into account when
12:57arranging the rigging
12:59when using hooks make sure the
13:01attachments are centered in the hook
13:03bowl and that safety latches are closed
13:07never use the tips of a hook to lift a
13:09load this is a very dangerous mistake
13:15an experienced operator moves a load
13:18smoothly
13:19keeping the load stable and under
13:21control is the top priority
13:24always take your time and move the crane
13:26with slow smooth movements
13:30sudden movements of the crane either up
13:32and down or side to side can cause what
13:34is known as shock loading
13:37always avoid shock loading because it
13:39greatly increases stress on the crane
13:41and the rigging
13:43travel with the load as low to the floor
13:45as possible but make sure you can still
13:48clear any obstacles
13:50be sure that the slings or hoist lines
13:53don't become tangled or twisted while
13:55moving the load
13:57when walking with the load walk beside
14:00the load so that it can be easily seen
14:03do not walk ahead of the load
14:05tag lines are lines attached to the load
14:09they may be used to better control the
14:11load while it's in motion
14:14for long moves stop periodically to make
14:16sure the load is stable and that the
14:18path is clear
14:22when arriving at the load's destination
14:25come to a stop slowly
14:27try to minimize any swinging of the load
14:31when the load is above its destination
14:33make sure it is stable and barely
14:35swinging
14:36lower the load slowly and smoothly
14:39keep an eye on the load the whole time
14:41it is landing to make sure it is stable
14:43and landing correctly
14:45always land the load fully
14:48never leave a load suspended for long
14:50periods of time and don't leave the
14:52crane unattended if it's carrying a load
14:58if you think a crane or a sling might
15:00have been overloaded even briefly notify
15:03a supervisor
15:05an overloaded crane and the rigging can
15:07be weakened without showing damage
15:10never assume that because everything
15:12looks okay that the equipment isn't
15:14damaged
15:15the crane must be inspected and tested
15:18by a qualified person before it will be
15:20ready to be used again
15:24usually there is just one operator who
15:26performs the lift himself
15:29on some crane jobs though there might be
15:31dedicated workers assigned to one or
15:33more of the following positions
15:36tag line holder
15:38signal person
15:39and
15:40rigor
15:42the operator will usually be the one in
15:44charge of a lift
15:46everyone on a group lift should have a
15:48clear understanding of their duties
15:50everyone should also understand the
15:52meaning of the crane hand signals being
15:54used
15:58when working around industrial cranes
16:01follow the following rules about
16:03personal protective equipment
16:05wear gloves to protect your hands from
16:07bruises cuts and rope burn
16:11wear steel-toed shoes to protect your
16:13feet from dropped loads or equipment
16:16avoid loose clothing and jewelry that
16:18may cause snags
16:20tuck in your shirt so the loose ends do
16:22not cause a snag
16:24and finally wear a hard hat to protect
16:27against head injuries
16:30your workplace might have other rules
16:32about required protective equipment such
16:34as eye protection or hearing protection
16:39this course has shown you how overhead
16:42cranes work and the most basic safety
16:44concerns when using them
16:47when operating an overhead industrial
16:49crane
16:50remember these key points
16:53understand the type of crane rigging and
16:56controls of the crane you are using
16:59always perform inspections of the crane
17:02the rigging and the work area
17:05know the load capacity of the crane and
17:08its rigging and do not overload this
17:10equipment
17:12use safe procedures when lifting
17:15moving and setting down loads and
17:19always adhere to the required dress code
17:23crane operators should always get the
17:25appropriate training for the specific
17:27equipment they will be using on the job
17:30with proper training and constant
17:32attention to safe operating procedures
17:34crane operators will avoid injuries
17:37fatalities and property damage

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