muniba saleem 01 reedit — Transcript

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1. 0:00hi so i'm here to talk about how media
2. 0:03influences intergroup relations
3. 0:05between racial ethnic and religious
4. 0:07groups
5. 0:08and in my research i've looked at this
6. 0:10both from the perspective of white
7. 0:12americans but also
8. 0:13for the depicted groups the racial
9. 0:16ethnic minority groups
10. 0:18so first of all for white americans what
11. 0:20we see is that exposure to
12. 0:22media depictions of racial ethnic
13. 0:24minorities oftentimes increases negative
14. 0:27attitudes towards the depicted groups
15. 0:29but also harmful behaviors including
16. 0:31support for
17. 0:32public policies that are targeting
18. 0:34members of this group and the reason is
19. 0:36because
20. 0:37content analyses show us that the way in
21. 0:40which racial ethnic minorities are
22. 0:42represented in american media
23. 0:43they're either underrepresented or they
24. 0:46are negatively represented
25. 0:48in the context of stereotypes so this
26. 0:50has been found across different genres
27. 0:52so television
28. 0:54newspapers movies even digital media new
29. 0:58media video games so what we see is that
30. 1:00because
31. 1:01racial ethnic minorities are represented
32. 1:03in these stereotypic ways
33. 1:05exposure to these kinds of depictions
34. 1:08oftentimes
35. 1:09increases negative kinds of cognitions
36. 1:11about these groups
37. 1:13negative emotions and then subsequently
38. 1:15behaviors
39. 1:16for the racial ethnic minority groups
40. 1:18themselves
41. 1:19exposure to negative depictions is found
42. 1:22to also have
43. 1:23adverse social political and
44. 1:24psychological consequences
45. 1:26and the reason is because they
46. 1:28oftentimes see negative representations
47. 1:30of their group
48. 1:31in mainstream media and they know the
49. 1:33how pervasive these
50. 1:34representations are and how likely they
51. 1:36are to affect the
52. 1:38majority group in the us that would be
53. 1:40white americans so oftentimes
54. 1:42you know folks are kind of internalizing
55. 1:44these negative
56. 1:45depictions they're ashamed they're
57. 1:47embarrassed at the way their group is
58. 1:49being represented
59. 1:50of course they know a lot of these
60. 1:51representations are inaccurate
61. 1:53but they're worried about the
62. 1:55implications and the effect that this is
63. 1:57going to have on the majority group
64. 1:59unfortunately these depictions are also
65. 2:01known to
66. 2:02kind of distance these groups from the
67. 2:05majority group
68. 2:06and the majority culture so in the case
69. 2:08of immigrants
70. 2:09one of the studies that we did we found
71. 2:11that muslims who see negative
72. 2:13representations
73. 2:14of muslims in the u.s media
74. 2:17will kind of distance themselves from
75. 2:20the mainstream culture and
76. 2:22will uh disidentify from their american
77. 2:24identity
78. 2:25and this is just a way to protect their
79. 2:27social identity and their self-esteem
80. 2:29right so if your group is being
81. 2:31represented in a negative light that
82. 2:33reflects on you in a negative way
83. 2:35and so one way you can protect your
84. 2:36self-esteem and your sense of self is by
85. 2:39kind of distancing yourself from the
86. 2:40threat and the source of threat
87. 2:42and so in this case that would be the
88. 2:44majority culture which is kind of
89. 2:46representing
90. 2:46your group in this negative light now
91. 2:49social media is really
92. 2:50interesting because on the one hand it's
93. 2:52allowing
94. 2:53a lot of the racial ethnic minorities a
95. 2:56space and platform
96. 2:57to talk about their perspectives to
97. 3:00share their grievances
98. 3:01talk about their concerns and also
99. 3:03mobilize their own communities
100. 3:05for collective action and to change the
101. 3:07status quo
102. 3:08to change the disadvantage status of
103. 3:10their minority groups
104. 3:12but on the other hand unfortunately
105. 3:14we're seeing that
106. 3:15the messages that a lot of these racial
107. 3:17groups ratio i think minority groups are
108. 3:20trying to spread and trying to engage
109. 3:23with the majority group on
110. 3:24are not being received as well so in one
111. 3:27study
112. 3:28that i did with my colleagues dan lane
113. 3:30and stuart kohl's
114. 3:31we randomly assign white participants
115. 3:34to receive a black lives matter support
116. 3:37message
117. 3:38from either a black speaker or a white
118. 3:40speaker and what we found
119. 3:42is that white audiences were much more
120. 3:44favorable of the message when it came
121. 3:46from a white speaker than when it came
122. 3:48from
123. 3:49a black speaker even though the content
124. 3:51of the message was exactly the same
125. 3:53they were also more in support for the
126. 3:55black lives matter movement
127. 3:57when the message was coming from a white
128. 3:59speaker as opposed to the black speaker
129. 4:02so this kind of creates a double-edged
130. 4:04sword for minority groups you know on
131. 4:05the one hand social media
132. 4:07is helping giving them a platform so
133. 4:10they can spread their message they can
134. 4:12kind of mobilize to enact collective
135. 4:14action but on the other hand
136. 4:16you see that the messages are not being
137. 4:18received in the same light
138. 4:21for white audiences and so the reason
139. 4:23for that is because
140. 4:24you know in general people are much more
141. 4:26likely to trust members of their own
142. 4:27group
143. 4:28they're much more likely to identify
144. 4:30with members of their own group to
145. 4:31believe them to think that they're
146. 4:33presenting accurate information
147. 4:34than the out group and so you
148. 4:38would have a really hard time kind of
149. 4:41gathering those white allies so that
150. 4:43they can kind of
151. 4:44have that solidarity for a lot of these
152. 4:46social justice messages
153. 4:48uh through social media despite having
154. 4:51that reach despite having that massive
155. 4:52kind of platform
156. 4:54uh to share your voice the the messaging
157. 4:57the the way in which it's affecting the
158. 4:59audiences
159. 5:00is unfortunately still being uh bound by
160. 5:03a lot of the
161. 5:03social identity differences that are um
162. 5:06that have been found in the literature
163. 5:08another interesting thing is the extent
164. 5:10to which
165. 5:11riots and violence is highlighted in the
166. 5:14media when there are protests
167. 5:16for racial justice this is important
168. 5:19because there's research suggesting
169. 5:21that when you show minorities engaging
170. 5:23in violent protests
171. 5:25it oftentimes is viewed more negatively
172. 5:27than when you show
173. 5:28non-violent forms of protest and so the
174. 5:31more that media frames
175. 5:33racial justice movements in the context
176. 5:35of violence in the context of riots
177. 5:37the more likely it is that white
178. 5:39audiences are going to
179. 5:40react in a negative way to not just the
180. 5:43the members who are engaging in this
181. 5:45behavior but the entire movement
182. 5:46actually and so the the message of the
183. 5:49movement gets
184. 5:50lost and what's really apparent is the
185. 5:52rioting and the violence
186. 5:54and so a lot of the audiences will
187. 5:56basically walk away with saying oh
188. 5:57they're just basically engaging in
189. 5:58violent acts and they'll forget about
190. 6:00the actual
191. 6:02movement and the message and the point
192. 6:04for why this protest is even taking
193. 6:06place
194. 6:07so the framing of the protest also has
195. 6:09really important consequences
196. 6:11for the way in which audience members
197. 6:13will evaluate the protest
198. 6:15and the message and the movement behind
199. 6:18it