Module 4 Easy Verb Conjugation - Japanese Sentence Formula - Japanese Accelerator — Transcript

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1. 0:00well welcome back for module 4 of the
2. 0:02Ninja Japanese sentence formula this is
3. 0:04Kevin here again and today we're going
4. 0:05to talk about verb conjugation so let's
5. 0:08get
6. 0:09started so I'm really excited to get
7. 0:11into this module here because um
8. 0:14learning verb conjugation was something
9. 0:16that was really to be honest fun for me
10. 0:19I mean it sounds really weird and U the
11. 0:21topic isn't one that's um all that
12. 0:23exciting for sure but um I learned this
13. 0:27uh from a really great teacher I had uh
14. 0:30a long time ago who was really the first
15. 0:32person who opened my eyes to how great
16. 0:34and fun Japanese could be and this is a
17. 0:37one of the things that really stuck with
18. 0:38me and has been really useful uh over
19. 0:41the years so I'm going to pass it along
20. 0:43to you today but you know when you look
21. 0:45up a word in the dictionary in in this
22. 0:47particular instance a verb uh they only
23. 0:50give you the dictionary form but you
24. 0:53know in real sentences you need to not
25. 0:55only know the dictionary form you need
26. 0:56to know the past tense of the verb or
27. 0:59the negative tense or maybe you want to
28. 1:02uh tell someone that you can do
29. 1:04something or you want to invite somebody
30. 1:06to do something by saying oh let's do
31. 1:08something like the volitional form well
32. 1:10wouldn't it be nice if you could just
33. 1:12pick up a dictionary find a verb that
34. 1:14you want to use and know right away how
35. 1:17to conjugate that verb into all these
36. 1:18different forms well let's make it
37. 1:21happen so before we get started we need
38. 1:24to talk about the three types of verbs
39. 1:25you're going to encounter speaking
40. 1:27Japanese so I'm actually going to
41. 1:29introduce them in the the reverse order
42. 1:31and when I go through them I think
43. 1:32you'll understand why but let's start
44. 1:34with type three verbs so type three
45. 1:36verbs are the exceptions that you kind
46. 1:38of just need to remember and the two
47. 1:40most common exceptions these are
48. 1:41actually the only two that I know of um
49. 1:44are sudu and Kur which are to do and to
50. 1:49come uh these are the ones that you'll
51. 1:51need to know ahead of time are
52. 1:53exceptions all right so what about the
53. 1:55others well type two verbs are verbs
54. 1:58that end uh typically end with the
55. 2:00letters e r u edu or IU U so examples of
56. 2:07type two verbs
57. 2:09are hashu and N which are to eat to run
58. 2:14and to sleep a notable exception to this
59. 2:18uh rule is the verb Cayu which is to
60. 2:22return or to go home um although this
61. 2:25ends in e Ru it's actually a type one
62. 2:28verb which we'll cover now so if the
63. 2:30verb you're looking at doesn't fit into
64. 2:32either the type three or type two
65. 2:33category then you have a type one verb
66. 2:35so that's pretty much everything else um
67. 2:38examples of type one verbs are
68. 2:41n andu which are to drink to wash and to
69. 2:45play so to kind of help you visualize uh
70. 2:48what type of verb you're looking at I've
71. 2:50made this uh pretty simple flowchart
72. 2:52here so uh you start with your verb you
73. 2:55ask yourself is it sudu or Kuru and if
74. 2:57it's a yes then you have a type three
75. 2:59verb if if it's no then you ask yourself
76. 3:01does it end in eru or IU if it's a yes
77. 3:05that's type two and if no it's a type
78. 3:08one so pretty
79. 3:09straightforward so the key to
80. 3:11conjugating type one verbs is using the
81. 3:14Japanese alphabet and this is why I
82. 3:16often emphasize to people that learning
83. 3:18the Japanese alphabet is really
84. 3:19important so as you probably already
85. 3:22know the Japanese alphabet is based on
86. 3:24the five sounds a e u e and O and by
87. 3:29adding letters like K in front of them
88. 3:31you make new sounds like c k c k Co and
89. 3:36it kind of just builds um that way so
90. 3:38what ends up happening is that each row
91. 3:40kind of rhymes with each other so you
92. 3:42can kind of Imagine each of those rows
93. 3:45as being a line like an a line an E Line
94. 3:48an U line a line and o line so what's
95. 3:52interesting is that each of these lines
96. 3:54represent a conjugation form in uh for
97. 3:58verbs for example the a line corresponds
98. 4:01to the negative form the E Line
99. 4:04corresponds to formal U line is the
100. 4:06dictionary form a line is the capability
101. 4:09form and the o line is the um let's form
102. 4:13or the volitional form so I'm sure
103. 4:16that's a little confusing but let me
104. 4:17explain in more detail what I mean by
105. 4:21this so the best way to explain this is
106. 4:24to just use an example so let's take as
107. 4:26an example to drink which is nomu so the
108. 4:29the last letter of that verb is Mu so we
109. 4:33want to look at the ma mo mo line of the
110. 4:37alphabet or column rather so as we just
111. 4:41discussed n is the dictionary form but
112. 4:45by changing that last letter and what
113. 4:47follows that last letter we can quickly
114. 4:49conjugate between all the forms for
115. 4:51example n the dictionary form can change
116. 4:54to no which is the formal form you go
117. 4:58all the way up to the top no man is the
118. 5:01negative form no is the capability form
119. 5:05I can drink and no mo which is let's
120. 5:09drink and just as a side note you would
121. 5:11probably never hear a Japanese person
122. 5:13say no because the u sound in this case
123. 5:17is just an extension of the o sound so
124. 5:19it's no more so pretty simple right so
125. 5:23the only exception is when the last
126. 5:24letter is U so let's look at an example
127. 5:27where the last letter is U so let's look
128. 5:30at the verb to wash which is so the last
129. 5:33letter there is U so you might think to
130. 5:35yourself okay I want to look at the a e
131. 5:38a o line well you're almost right um
132. 5:41when you have an U as the last letter
133. 5:43you want to look at the line w e e o so
134. 5:47instead of a at the top you want to use
135. 5:50a w and that's kind of just the way it
136. 5:52is um but everything else is the same so
137. 5:55as
138. 5:56before is the dictionary form if we go
139. 5:59up one
140. 6:01is the formal form if we go all the way
141. 6:03to the top is to not wash we go down one
142. 6:08it's which is able to wash and the last
143. 6:12one is which is let's wash so that's
144. 6:15pretty easy right so all you really need
145. 6:17to memorize is what I presented on the
146. 6:19previous slide which is that the a line
147. 6:21is negative the E line is formal U line
148. 6:25is dictionary form a line is capability
149. 6:28form and o line
150. 6:30is volitional form or let's
151. 6:32form what about type two verbs well for
152. 6:36type two verbs the key is just dropping
153. 6:38the ru all you have to do is drop the ru
154. 6:42Ru and add the ending to make the other
155. 6:45forms so let's look at the example to
156. 6:47eat T so we have t right where do is the
157. 6:52last letter so if we drop the and add M
158. 6:56it is formal
159. 6:57so if we drop the and add n it becomes
160. 7:01the negative
161. 7:03form if we go down and drop the and make
162. 7:06it then we have the capability
163. 7:09form and the last one is if we drop the
164. 7:12RO and add yo then we have Tabo which is
165. 7:16the volitional form or the let's form so
166. 7:19let's look at just one more example to
167. 7:20really drill that one in so let's look
168. 7:22at the verb to sleep which
169. 7:24is so let's start with we go upas which
170. 7:28is formal
171. 7:30n which is to not
172. 7:32sleep going down we have which is
173. 7:35capability form and then the last one
174. 7:38Neo which is let's
175. 7:40sleep so the last one are the type three
176. 7:43verbs and I hate to say it but the key
177. 7:44to this one is just memorization but
178. 7:46luckily there are only two that you
179. 7:48really need to memorize so let's start
180. 7:50with the first one to-do which is
181. 7:53sud so the negative form of sudu is
182. 7:57Shai Shai the formal form of too is
183. 8:02shim all right and then we have the
184. 8:04dictionary form sudu and then the
185. 8:06capability form is kind of completely
186. 8:08different it
187. 8:11is that's capability I can do and the
188. 8:14last one is sh which is the volitional
189. 8:16form so as you can see the verb to do
190. 8:18doesn't really follow any of the two um
191. 8:21rules that we've set out for type one
192. 8:22and type two verbs and that's why it's
193. 8:24an exception all right the second
194. 8:26exception is to come which is Kuru so
195. 8:29the negative form not to come is Kai the
196. 8:33formal form is Kim the dictionary form
197. 8:37of course is Kuru the capability form
198. 8:40is and the volitional form is co so this
199. 8:44is probably the most difficult set
200. 8:46because you have to memorize each one of
201. 8:47them um but like I said there's only two
202. 8:49of them um and make sure to drill these
203. 8:52in your head because if you look at
204. 8:53these two verbs and think up this is a
205. 8:55type one verb and try to use the rules
206. 8:57for type one verbs it's not going to
207. 8:59work and that's it I mean believe it or
208. 9:01not that's all you really need to know
209. 9:03you can take any verb and as long as you
210. 9:04can identify what type it is you can do
211. 9:07these uh conjugations pretty powerful
212. 9:10right so I encourage you to try this on
213. 9:12your own because the more you do it the
214. 9:14more it'll become second nature and
215. 9:16after a while you won't even need to
216. 9:17think about whether it's a type one two
217. 9:19or three verb and you'll just be able to
218. 9:21conjugate it uh just as a native speaker
219. 9:23would so that pretty much wraps up
220. 9:24module 4 hopefully you found the
221. 9:27information in this module useful and
222. 9:29once uh you're ready to move on um I'll
223. 9:31see you in module five where we'll talk
224. 9:32about past present and future
225. 9:36tenses