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MANAGEMENT CONSULTING PRESENTATION - How consulting firms create slide presentations (Ex-McKinsey) — Transcript

by Firm Learning · 4,661 words · 656 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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  1. 0:00- During the six years I worked in consulting at McKinsey,
  2. 0:02I created literally thousands of PowerPoint slides,
  3. 0:06while working on several client presentations.
  4. 0:09By doing that, I learned lots of little tips and tricks,
  5. 0:11specific elements
  6. 0:12that consultants use to give their
  7. 0:14presentations the special professional look that makes it
  8. 0:19ready for board room and just distinctive.
  9. 0:21When I flip through a presentation, I can directly
  10. 0:24tell you if this is a presentation from an MBB
  11. 0:27consulting firm.
  12. 0:28So from McKinsey, BCG or Bain,
  13. 0:30or if it's not.
  14. 0:31In this video, I'd like to share the little things with you.
  15. 0:34The little tips and tricks, the little elements that top
  16. 0:37consulting firms use to make their presentations
  17. 0:41look like the way they do.
  18. 0:43I trust this will really help you improve your presentations
  19. 0:47as well, and give them the professional touch
  20. 0:49and feel that you're looking for.
  21. 0:51Hi guys, my name is Heinrich and welcome to another
  22. 0:54coffee break with Firm Learning.
  23. 0:56If you're new to this channel, on this channel I try to
  24. 0:58help you become successful in the first years of your
  25. 1:03career by teaching you both the soft skill
  26. 1:05and the hard skill to excel in your first business role.
  27. 1:08One of the things I frequently talk about on this channel,
  28. 1:11is how you can excel you skills in both
  29. 1:13PowerPoint and Excel.
  30. 1:15Because, the truth is that especially PowerPoint is one
  31. 1:17of the tools you will use most frequently in most
  32. 1:20business roles out there.
  33. 1:22So, if you're taking any value out of this video at all,
  34. 1:25please let's destroy the like button for the
  35. 1:26YouTube algorithm and also let's leave a comment below.
  36. 1:31And of course, please subscribe to this channel and hit
  37. 1:34also the notification bell to stay up-to-date on all the
  38. 1:37content I have planned for you.
  39. 1:38I will release at least one video for you
  40. 1:41every single Saturday,
  41. 1:42and on many weeks there are going
  42. 1:44to be two videos coming out for you.
  43. 1:46If you're not following me on Instagram yet,
  44. 1:48my Instagram handle is @firmlearning as well.
  45. 1:51On Instagram I'm releasing new content every single day.
  46. 1:54Just giving you a bit of a behind the scenes
  47. 1:55into my personal life and how
  48. 1:58I prepare all this content for you.
  49. 2:00And on my Instagram I share even more content that will
  50. 2:03help you succeed in the first years of your career.
  51. 2:05Today, I am talking to you about lots of little tips
  52. 2:08and tricks that I learned as a consultant working
  53. 2:10at McKinsey for six years.
  54. 2:12I share design principles that consultants apply for
  55. 2:14literally every single presentation that they use.
  56. 2:17Little elements that typically appear on slides that
  57. 2:20almost every consultant use every day,
  58. 2:22but that I rarely see on presentations outside of the
  59. 2:25consulting world.
  60. 2:26So if you're interested to learn lots of little tips
  61. 2:29and tricks that you can use for your
  62. 2:31slide presentations as well.
  63. 2:32Look at this video until the end.
  64. 2:34And if you're one of those people that are
  65. 2:36really interested to take your slide presentation
  66. 2:39game to the next level,
  67. 2:40I even released a multi-hour course and all the
  68. 2:43tips and tricks that I learned at McKinsey on how you make
  69. 2:46top management style presentations.
  70. 2:48There are already over 10,000 students
  71. 2:51taking the course.
  72. 2:52If you're interested in that,
  73. 2:53I leave a link to the course in the
  74. 2:55description down below.
  75. 2:56So, if you'd like to learn more about that
  76. 2:58and also read lots of student reviews,
  77. 3:00feel free to have a look and check out the course.
  78. 3:02But, now let's dive into that.
  79. 3:04I prepared a bunch of slides for you that just
  80. 3:06illustrate my points.
  81. 3:08Let's now switch to my computer to have a look
  82. 3:10how this looks like.
  83. 3:11Alright, let's jump into it.
  84. 3:13So let's start with some basics.
  85. 3:15Some basic elements that should be included
  86. 3:17on every single page.
  87. 3:18So let's start here on the bottom.
  88. 3:20What you see here is the date.
  89. 3:21The current date.
  90. 3:22And pretty frequently you put here the date
  91. 3:24either when the presentation happened,
  92. 3:26where you present your pages,
  93. 3:27or when you created a document.
  94. 3:29Because what you will also find is that many documents
  95. 3:33in professional contexts,
  96. 3:34many presentations, many slides,
  97. 3:36are not actually created for actual presentation,
  98. 3:39but rather as a document that is then circulated,
  99. 3:41sent around in a company.
  100. 3:42And a date is just important,
  101. 3:44because when in retrospect,
  102. 3:45you're able to actually know,
  103. 3:47to understand when the document was created.
  104. 3:49Which of course, is important in many ways.
  105. 3:51The second thing that you'll include on
  106. 3:54pretty much every page,
  107. 3:56is a page number.
  108. 3:57This of course, is very useful if you sit
  109. 4:00in a meeting and just a colleague wants
  110. 4:02to refer to a specific page.
  111. 4:03Then to be able to say okay,
  112. 4:05this is a page 18 and then everybody knows
  113. 4:08what page 18 exactly is,
  114. 4:10because there is a page number included on the document.
  115. 4:13Then of course, is very important.
  116. 4:15Next thing you should look at is the source.
  117. 4:17So here you can include a source,
  118. 4:19such as Firm Learning.
  119. 4:21Of course, you can even then include, just your name
  120. 4:23or your department as a source,
  121. 4:25but even better would be especially if you refer to a
  122. 4:27specific data, then also give the source of the data.
  123. 4:31So what date are you using?
  124. 4:33Where is the data coming from?
  125. 4:34When was the date collected?
  126. 4:35Some specific information on what data you're using
  127. 4:39is what you can likely include here in the source.
  128. 4:41The next element that you can use are footnotes.
  129. 4:43So, footnotes, one, two, three, this is just a part where
  130. 4:46you can give specific details on certain things.
  131. 4:48But maybe just not fit in the
  132. 4:51regular text on your page.
  133. 4:53Then you would just include it in the footnote
  134. 4:55to give you some extra space,
  135. 4:56because it's often a smaller font size
  136. 4:58than the main page.
  137. 5:00Just to show additional remarks.
  138. 5:01And of course,
  139. 5:02one of the most important elements
  140. 5:04of every page is the action title.
  141. 5:06The action title is the title of the page.
  142. 5:09And creating a good action title is an art form itself.
  143. 5:14Now, I will not go into much of detail
  144. 5:16in this video, what a good action title looks like,
  145. 5:18because, I already created a specific video
  146. 5:20only focusing on action titles.
  147. 5:22The video even includes an exercise how you can
  148. 5:25improve your action title creation skills.
  149. 5:28If you're interested in that,
  150. 5:29have a look.
  151. 5:31I will include a link to the video above
  152. 5:34so that you can directly look into it.
  153. 5:35So far, so good.
  154. 5:36So this was some just really bare basics
  155. 5:39that should be included in every page.
  156. 5:40Let's jump into something else.
  157. 5:41And this is the creation of charts.
  158. 5:44So what you will see in consulting,
  159. 5:45is that almost every slide that you use,
  160. 5:49contains a chart.
  161. 5:50So some kind of diagram where you depict data.
  162. 5:53The reason is that in consulting,
  163. 5:55very frequently, your argumentation will be based on data.
  164. 5:59You can just expect from you,
  165. 6:01that you will back up your findings
  166. 6:02and your recommendations with some date-driven analysis.
  167. 6:05And if you do these kind of data analysis,
  168. 6:08of course, you will frequently use charts to then
  169. 6:10show the results of your analysis.
  170. 6:12And these are just the charts that you can create
  171. 6:14with the think-cell expansion.
  172. 6:16If you do not know think-cell,
  173. 6:17it's a plugin that very frequently is used
  174. 6:19by consulting firms to create the charts.
  175. 6:22So, almost every consulting firm uses it.
  176. 6:24Of course, if you do not have it,
  177. 6:26you can just also work with the regular
  178. 6:28PowerPoint built-in charts.
  179. 6:29If you have the opportunity to use think-cell,
  180. 6:31I can highly recommend it,
  181. 6:32because it really improves your workflow.
  182. 6:34If you now go over this chart tiles,
  183. 6:36many of them you will already know
  184. 6:37and probably frequently use yourself.
  185. 6:39Such as, stacked bar charts, or the 100% bar charts,
  186. 6:42clustered bar charts, and so on.
  187. 6:44Right now, I'd just like to put your attention to
  188. 6:46the waterfall chart type.
  189. 6:48So the waterfall chart type is a chart type
  190. 6:51that in consulting,
  191. 6:52especially at McKinsey, you will use all of the time.
  192. 6:54So, there's almost no presentation
  193. 6:56without a waterfall present.
  194. 6:58But, outside of consulting, I really rarely see it.
  195. 7:01Just from my observation.
  196. 7:03The fact alone that a presentation includes a
  197. 7:05waterfall chart, very often is a clear, telltale sign
  198. 7:08that a MBB consulting firm worked on it.
  199. 7:11And actually, most of the cases, it has been McKinsey,
  200. 7:14because, for whatever reason,
  201. 7:15waterfall charts are just so commonly used
  202. 7:18by McKinsey consultants.
  203. 7:19So, let's look at an example.
  204. 7:20So, this is just a basic example
  205. 7:22of what a waterfall chart looks like.
  206. 7:24And I'd just like to use this example to show to you
  207. 7:27what I believe the waterfall charts can just be so
  208. 7:30helpful in so many business presentations.
  209. 7:33So, this of course is just a stylist chart,
  210. 7:35an illustrative chart, so let's not
  211. 7:37care about the specific numbers.
  212. 7:38But, this is now a bridge chart.
  213. 7:41Actually, many people, instead of using waterfalls,
  214. 7:43they also just call them bridges.
  215. 7:45So, bridge chart.
  216. 7:46Because, waterfall charts are very helpful
  217. 7:47to show a bridge.
  218. 7:49To show how one number relates to another number.
  219. 7:52One way that this is frequently used
  220. 7:54is to show bridges between financial figures.
  221. 7:56So, here we compare the EBITDA.
  222. 7:58So, the earnings before interest text depreciation
  223. 8:01amortization of 2019. To the EBITDA in 2020,
  224. 8:05and we like to understand the difference.
  225. 8:07And if you just look at the numbers,
  226. 8:08here it has been 1.59, and here it has been 1.67.
  227. 8:12So, at first glance, it could look like the numbers
  228. 8:15are pretty similar.
  229. 8:16So you could infer,
  230. 8:17that actually the company has been quite stable,
  231. 8:20there were many things that actually changed.
  232. 8:22If you don't break down the difference of these
  233. 8:24two numbers, into all the effects,
  234. 8:26that actually changed,
  235. 8:28from 2019
  236. 8:29to 2020.
  237. 8:31You'd see that there are quite
  238. 8:32some things going on.
  239. 8:34So here was one effect that if you use
  240. 8:36the EBITDA by 700,
  241. 8:38but then this is compensated by another effect
  242. 8:41that increased it by 730.
  243. 8:42And there's another positive effect,
  244. 8:44further increasing it by 450.
  245. 8:46And a reduction by 650,
  246. 8:48and then another increase in 250.
  247. 8:50So what you can see is that the waterfall chart
  248. 8:52really enables you to breakdown
  249. 8:54something into the different sub components
  250. 8:57that were driving it.
  251. 8:58And then enable it to make changes visible,
  252. 9:00that were just not visible.
  253. 9:03Just looking at the total difference
  254. 9:05between two numbers.
  255. 9:06Let's now look into another
  256. 9:06very ambiguous chart element.
  257. 9:09This is a so-called, callout.
  258. 9:12This is this element right here.
  259. 9:14So, this is an element that you can just
  260. 9:16include in a chart.
  261. 9:18Gives details about this specific element.
  262. 9:21So as I wrote here, it can include remarks
  263. 9:22on specific elements of a chart or other relevant
  264. 9:25contributions that you wanna make.
  265. 9:27A callout is something that you can easily use,
  266. 9:29just add details,
  267. 9:30add information,
  268. 9:31add context to one specific element.
  269. 9:33This is a frequent way how you can do it.
  270. 9:36So, this element just consists of one line,
  271. 9:38and then another line with a special ending.
  272. 9:40So, if you has never created this yourself.
  273. 9:42I just broke down here the elements here,
  274. 9:44you see the line and that this is just
  275. 9:46another line, then it's you can know in the line settings,
  276. 9:49you can just add also such an endpoint to it.
  277. 9:51Then if you combine it, this is what it looks like.
  278. 9:54So, this is just an easy way to create
  279. 9:55this kind of callout elements.
  280. 9:57And believe it or not, but, callouts like this
  281. 9:59will be used in pretty much every single
  282. 10:01consulting presentations that you see.
  283. 10:03Another element that might have catched your
  284. 10:05attention is something that is called a sticker.
  285. 10:07And this is what you see here in the top right.
  286. 10:09So, a sticker is a qualification of the
  287. 10:12page that you use.
  288. 10:13Here, you see the preliminary sticker.
  289. 10:15So, let's now just go over some examples of stickers
  290. 10:18that are frequently and commonly used.
  291. 10:20Then what the context is how you use them,
  292. 10:22in the consulting context.
  293. 10:24So, for discussion sticker,
  294. 10:26the preliminary sticker,
  295. 10:27highly preliminary, indicative,
  296. 10:28and then illustrative.
  297. 10:31So, these are probably the five
  298. 10:33most commonly used stickers.
  299. 10:35Of course, you could write other things as well.
  300. 10:37And stickers are elements that are
  301. 10:39pretty much used to protect yourself.
  302. 10:41So, why could this be important?
  303. 10:43Why would you need to protect yourself?
  304. 10:44So, let's imagine you make an analysis,
  305. 10:46which might be a bit controversial,
  306. 10:48you know that their resides,
  307. 10:50will not please everybody.
  308. 10:52And what you can do is,
  309. 10:53to include such a for discussion sticker,
  310. 10:55then if you walk into a meeting,
  311. 10:57then you realize that your analysis sparks
  312. 10:59some discussion, and then yet you can say,
  313. 11:01well, "Yes, of course, this is not the final result."
  314. 11:04"This is just for discussion."
  315. 11:06As you also wrote here.
  316. 11:07"So let's just have a discussion about it."
  317. 11:08"I'm interested to hear your opinion."
  318. 11:10"What is your view of it?"
  319. 11:11"Why do you believe this is true?"
  320. 11:13"What is your opinion?"
  321. 11:14So, this is how you frequently use
  322. 11:15such a for discussion sticker.
  323. 11:17Preliminary and highly preliminary,
  324. 11:20this is just something to make clear,
  325. 11:22that the results that you're showing,
  326. 11:23the analysis that you are doing,
  327. 11:25are not the final ones.
  328. 11:27And here again, this just, is a way to protect yourself,
  329. 11:30that then if later it comes out that
  330. 11:32maybe your were missing some data.
  331. 11:34That there additional information that you
  332. 11:35would need to take into consideration.
  333. 11:37You can just say, "Yes, of course, this analysis that"
  334. 11:40"we did here was only preliminary."
  335. 11:43"This was not the final version."
  336. 11:44This is also again to protect yourself,
  337. 11:46because, otherwise, it could happen,
  338. 11:48and these things happen, right?
  339. 11:50That there is a hostile client,
  340. 11:52that then just points out a page that you created,
  341. 11:55maybe in the first weeks of your engagement,
  342. 11:57that you were just learning,
  343. 11:58trying to understand the data.
  344. 12:00And the page you labeled, you just did, was complete BS,
  345. 12:03because this analysis that you created,
  346. 12:05was just obviously not correct.
  347. 12:07Right?
  348. 12:08And maybe he was right, maybe it just wasn't correct,
  349. 12:10because you didn't have the full picture.
  350. 12:12But, then you can say, "Yes, Mister, this is true, you are"
  351. 12:15"right, but as you can also read here, this was not a final"
  352. 12:18"version of the analysis."
  353. 12:19"This was just a preliminary version."
  354. 12:21And incidents like that happen.
  355. 12:23And this is why you put the preliminary sticker on it.
  356. 12:25That's similar, but different is the indicative sticker
  357. 12:27and also the illustrative sticker.
  358. 12:29So, an indicative sticker, you can use just to make
  359. 12:31it clear that a certain analysis that you make,
  360. 12:33maybe has some flaws,
  361. 12:35maybe has some drawbacks.
  362. 12:37So, the numbers that you show,
  363. 12:38should not be taken that serious.
  364. 12:41But, it gives a good direction,
  365. 12:43so that you believe that the analysis,
  366. 12:44the results that you show, are at least are
  367. 12:46indicatively right,
  368. 12:48and these show the right direction,
  369. 12:49the right picture,
  370. 12:50even thought the specific numbers that you use
  371. 12:53might not be accurate.
  372. 12:54And, this of course can happen in any situation.
  373. 12:56You need to work with the incomplete data sets,
  374. 12:59where you're lacking certain information
  375. 13:00that you just were not able to use.
  376. 13:02Then, you might want to make it clear that the
  377. 13:04analysis that you're showing is just indicative.
  378. 13:06Illustrative goes kind of even further than indicative.
  379. 13:10And, it's sometimes also used a bit, in a dirty way,
  380. 13:14in the sense that you can show a whole chart of very
  381. 13:17specific information, very specific graphs,
  382. 13:20then you can put an illustrative sticker on it.
  383. 13:22You can make it clear that actually
  384. 13:23the numbers are not true.
  385. 13:25That you just made up the whole chart, right?
  386. 13:27Maybe, the whole chart doesn't contain
  387. 13:29any real numbers at all.
  388. 13:32But, you just wanted to show a certain relationship,
  389. 13:33how you believe that it is from your experience,
  390. 13:36or maybe from other information that you have.
  391. 13:38So, you're just drawing this chart,
  392. 13:41which maybe not even contains any real numbers at all,
  393. 13:44but illustratively, this is the chart you believe
  394. 13:48it looks like.
  395. 13:48So, this is how you put the illustrative sticker on it.
  396. 13:51So, if you see the illustrative sticker on a presentation,
  397. 13:53pretty frequently, you can assume that actually,
  398. 13:56the numbers are not real.
  399. 13:57The numbers are not actual numbers.
  400. 13:59But, this chart pretty much just was made up
  401. 14:01by the consultant who used it.
  402. 14:03So, now another element that you can frequently use,
  403. 14:06is something that is called a takeaway box.
  404. 14:09So, takeaway boxes are something
  405. 14:11like this that you include below your chart.
  406. 14:14It includes an important overall remark.
  407. 14:16So, while the callout you saw earlier,
  408. 14:19usually is used for just given information on
  409. 14:21a specific element of the chart.
  410. 14:23If you ever have genuine information,
  411. 14:25that is relevant to the whole chart,
  412. 14:26you can just include such a takeaway box,
  413. 14:28below the chart that you are showing.
  414. 14:30In the takeaway box, you can just include the main insight,
  415. 14:33the main piece of information,
  416. 14:35that you want the reader, the viewer, the listener,
  417. 14:38to takeaway from the chart that you are showing.
  418. 14:41Another element that you can use that looks similar,
  419. 14:44but is often used in a slightly different way.
  420. 14:45It is something that you would call a bubble.
  421. 14:48So bubble is sometimes also called a sticker,
  422. 14:50and it's included in a chart in some way like that,
  423. 14:53so you purposely make it look like this,
  424. 14:56just included in front of something else.
  425. 14:59It looks a bit less informal, than for instance,
  426. 15:01a takeaway box.
  427. 15:02And, a bubble you often use to include
  428. 15:03some kind of limitation
  429. 15:05to the analysis that you are showing a
  430. 15:07limitation to the data that you are showing.
  431. 15:09And, a bubble is called a bubble,
  432. 15:11because sometimes, instead of a rectangular form,
  433. 15:14you can also use a circular form of the text that
  434. 15:15you are showing.
  435. 15:16So, that the text is included in a circle,
  436. 15:19instead of a rectangular form.
  437. 15:20From the standpoint, bubbles are so important,
  438. 15:22you need to put yourself into the shoes
  439. 15:24of a consultant.
  440. 15:25Because, very frequently, you receive certain data sets,
  441. 15:29certain informations from your clients.
  442. 15:31And then you take several days,
  443. 15:32or maybe even weeks to then conduct the analysis,
  444. 15:35and then to come up with some kind of a result.
  445. 15:37Then very often, what happens, is that then,
  446. 15:39the last days, some anxious hours before
  447. 15:41the big presentation,
  448. 15:43where you then want to show the results,
  449. 15:44you receive some new information,
  450. 15:46maybe you realize that now some new data came out,
  451. 15:49maybe now, the next month's finished,
  452. 15:51and now you put, re-do all the analysis,
  453. 15:53with all the data from the new time period,
  454. 15:56from the new month.
  455. 15:57In these situations, you're very frequently faced with
  456. 16:00the decision to whether you want to re-do now,
  457. 16:02all the analysis,
  458. 16:03to incorporate this new information, or whether,
  459. 16:06will you leave all the analysis as-is?
  460. 16:08And, then just include a bubble on the page,
  461. 16:11stating the limitation, or stating what has not
  462. 16:14yet been included in the analysis.
  463. 16:17Bubbles are so important, because very frequently,
  464. 16:19instead of re-doing the whole thing, re-doing analysis,
  465. 16:22re-creating all kinds of pages.
  466. 16:24Problems like that, you can frequently use with the bubble.
  467. 16:27And, this is why there is a magic saying in consulting,
  468. 16:31and this goes like, "If in trouble use a bubble!"
  469. 16:34So, if you are struggling with something,
  470. 16:36something just isn't right.
  471. 16:38You just need to use this statement,
  472. 16:40just need to make some corrections,
  473. 16:42in the end, if you're in trouble,
  474. 16:43most of the problems you can just use with a bubble.
  475. 16:46Just stating the specific things that you want to change.
  476. 16:49Now, some other frequently used elements
  477. 16:51are circles with numbers.
  478. 16:54This, again, is something that I very frequently
  479. 16:56see in consulting presentations,
  480. 16:58but I rarely see lines of circles with numbers like that in
  481. 17:03presentations that are being done by non-consulting people.
  482. 17:05So, how do you use these things.
  483. 17:08So, you can use these kinds of number circles, whenever,
  484. 17:11you want to include another layer of data.
  485. 17:14Another dimension of numbers,
  486. 17:16which is not directly part of the chart.
  487. 17:19So, let's look at this stylized chart.
  488. 17:21So, what do we see here?
  489. 17:22So, these are the revenue figures of a business.
  490. 17:24But, not the absolute figures,
  491. 17:26but the difference to the previous year.
  492. 17:29So, we look into these calendar weeks,
  493. 17:30and we look into how the business performed
  494. 17:33against the previous years.
  495. 17:34So, here, so this would mean that in the calendar
  496. 17:36week seven of the year,
  497. 17:38the business had revenues that were by a 100 million higher
  498. 17:41than in the previous year.
  499. 17:43You have 200 million higher, 250 million higher,
  500. 17:46here a 100 million less, and so on.
  501. 17:49Of course, in this context, if you look at this,
  502. 17:51it would be interesting and important to us,
  503. 17:53to include what the absolute amount,
  504. 17:55what the revenue was in the current year 2020.
  505. 17:58In situations like that, where you just want to include as
  506. 18:01a second point of data, second point of information,
  507. 18:04circles of numbers like that are just very commonly used.
  508. 18:08So, here you would now include information,
  509. 18:10that in the calendar week seven,
  510. 18:12you make now the revenues of 900 million,
  511. 18:16and this was 100 million more
  512. 18:18than you made in the previous year.
  513. 18:20Then, regarding the legend, what you do is,
  514. 18:22the main legend that you state in the chart title,
  515. 18:25the main legend always refers to the
  516. 18:27numbers in the main chart.
  517. 18:29And, for the circles, you can include a sub-legend,
  518. 18:32then explain what is shown and depicted in these circles.
  519. 18:36And, if you're interested to learn more about how to set up
  520. 18:39consulting style charts, like that.
  521. 18:41I created a whole other video just discussing
  522. 18:44how you should set up the chart title,
  523. 18:46then also the subtitle, and things like that.
  524. 18:48So, if you haven't seen that yet,
  525. 18:50I believe this is also highly relevant,
  526. 18:52and something that you need to know,
  527. 18:53if you work in consulting,
  528. 18:55or want to create presentations that meet the
  529. 18:56standards of consulting firms.
  530. 18:58I will leave it above here for you,
  531. 19:00check it out if you'd like to see it as well.
  532. 19:02Next concept I would like to talk about is also a
  533. 19:05very, very important one.
  534. 19:07And, it's the concept of clotheslines.
  535. 19:09More specifically, of avoiding clotheslines.
  536. 19:13So, what do we call clotheslines in consulting?
  537. 19:16Clotheslines are referred to as just long lists of things,
  538. 19:21and specifically in the context
  539. 19:22of creating PowerPoint presentations,
  540. 19:25just long lists of bullets.
  541. 19:27So, what you will always never see in
  542. 19:29consulting style presentations,
  543. 19:31is just the list of bullets like that,
  544. 19:33where you just randomly list all kinds of thoughts,
  545. 19:36or other explanations that you want to.
  546. 19:38So, why is this bad?
  547. 19:40So, if you just use a list of thoughts like this,
  548. 19:42what you're missing, what you're not showing,
  549. 19:45what you're not doing, is giving it some kind of structure.
  550. 19:49If you present things like that,
  551. 19:50it looks completely random.
  552. 19:53The person looking at it,
  553. 19:54can have no trust at all that actually the things
  554. 19:57that are mentioned here are complete,
  555. 19:59that all the relevant aspects
  556. 20:00have been discussed and addressed by you.
  557. 20:02But, it just seems like a completely random
  558. 20:04unstructured list of points.
  559. 20:07In such an unstructured list of points,
  560. 20:09is what you would call a clothesline.
  561. 20:11And, you want to avoid clotheslines.
  562. 20:13So, what is now used in consulting to avoid
  563. 20:16clotheslines like that?
  564. 20:17And, very frequently,
  565. 20:19what you do is to use structure elements.
  566. 20:21So, here again, just in the illustrative page,
  567. 20:23this could be out of, for instance, an M&A transaction,
  568. 20:27a merger's and acquisition transaction.
  569. 20:28Where one company aims to buy another company.
  570. 20:31Another company is showing how the purchasing price
  571. 20:35that they want to offer for a company splits down
  572. 20:38to the different assets that the company has,
  573. 20:40and that the company is selling.
  574. 20:42Here again, this is now,
  575. 20:43another frequent use of a waterfall chart,
  576. 20:45that you now have the total purchasing price.
  577. 20:47Now you show how this breaks down into the different
  578. 20:51subelements of the company.
  579. 20:53Now, here you have the different assets that the company
  580. 20:55has to offer us, so here, property, plant and equipment.
  581. 20:58Then, of course, there could be a whole lot of other
  582. 21:00assets that the company offers,
  583. 21:02for instance, inventory, and so on.
  584. 21:04Now, a clothesline would be just to state all these assets,
  585. 21:07just in a random list of bullets.
  586. 21:09Now, to avoid clotheslines,
  587. 21:11what you often use is structure elements.
  588. 21:14So, what you try, is to define buckets,
  589. 21:16to define groups of elements,
  590. 21:19then you can use to organize the different subelements,
  591. 21:23that are from bullet points that you have.
  592. 21:25Now, here just a simple example is to use gray bars,
  593. 21:28that you include in front of the elements,
  594. 21:31then the company you will often distinguish the
  595. 21:33fixed assets from the current assets.
  596. 21:36This is now a structure that I defined,
  597. 21:38in that, in this structure,
  598. 21:39now I can use a different bullet points.
  599. 21:42And, I hope you now understand, that this is superior
  600. 21:44to other ways of structuring the points.
  601. 21:45Because, now, by having to use the structure,
  602. 21:47fixed assets, and current assets,
  603. 21:49I already have some kind of guarantee,
  604. 21:51that if I now look at these two types of assets,
  605. 21:55I will catch all the assets
  606. 21:56that are included in the company.
  607. 21:59Because, this way, now I have covered
  608. 22:01the whole balance sheet of the company.
  609. 22:02And, I can be sure that I will have covered all
  610. 22:06the assets within these two groups.
  611. 22:08So, always use structure elements,
  612. 22:09avoid at all costs, using clotheslines,
  613. 22:13because, this is just completely unprofessional.
  614. 22:14This is probably one of the first points of feedback
  615. 22:17that you will get as a young consultant.
  616. 22:19If you created a page just using
  617. 22:21a list of bullet points like this.
  618. 22:22So, this concludes my little list of tips and tricks
  619. 22:25of elements that you can use to
  620. 22:27improve your PowerPoint pages as well.
  621. 22:29I hope you found this was useful.
  622. 22:31If you have any questions about that,
  623. 22:33feel free to leave me a comment below
  624. 22:35in the comment section.
  625. 22:36I will answer every single comment,
  626. 22:38and I also like to hear from you,
  627. 22:40what are your little tips?
  628. 22:41What are the things that you've frequently use
  629. 22:43to improve your presentations?
  630. 22:45Let's have a conversation here from which
  631. 22:47everybody can benefit.
  632. 22:48Again, if you took any value out of this video at all,
  633. 22:51please hit the like button for the YouTube algorithm.
  634. 22:54This would really help me and my channel to improve,
  635. 22:57to grow, and to tell the YouTube algorithm that this
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  638. 23:04thank you for your time and thank you for watching.
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  641. 23:10And, if you would like to make sure that you really see
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  649. 23:28on how you can be successful
  650. 23:29in the first years of your career,
  651. 23:31every single day.
  652. 23:32So, thank you for watching,
  653. 23:33I'm Heinrich from Firm Learning.
  654. 23:34I really enjoyed making this video for you.
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