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Mamre Intensive Sheepfarming: Dr. Josef van Wyngaard - Sheep feeding in the Intensive System — Transcript

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0:01good day listeners uh my name is joseph
0:03from weinhardt
0:04i'm an animal nutritionist bastian south
0:07africa
0:08i'm a technical manager for football
0:11feeds
0:12and today i'm going to talk to you about
0:15sheep systems uh clinical nutrition and
0:18then just how to
0:20to maximize um production systems
0:23um and then my approach will be a
0:26holistic approach so i will talk about
0:30my information will be broadly based so
0:32i won't go into depth into each
0:34topic there won't be enough time we can
0:37do that at the later point
0:38but just to to kick off um i'm actually
0:42from
0:42my background is a dairy so
0:45this will be the the first and final
0:47dairy picture i'll show in my
0:49presentation
0:50um so usually i kick off with this
0:52question what is the difference
0:54what you can see there right so we've
0:55got a dairy cow there and we've got a u
0:57there with twin lambs
0:59but out of a nutritional point of view
1:02um there's no difference between these
1:04two animals because we know a dairy
1:05animal
1:06is the benchmark in in the ruminant
1:08industry right they've
1:09they've got high yields molecules so
1:13what i want to say is that use also they
1:16are also
1:16highly specialized room units for very
1:18high genetic potential for production
1:21right to emphasize this um i did a
1:24little comparison
1:25with a beef cow dairy cow and then
1:28you with twins i've got the um
1:31respective body weights
1:32and also the average daily milk yield
1:36all right so if you look at the first
1:37column there beef cow
1:39coming in at about 550 kgs
1:42they would heal more or less five liters
1:44of milk and a dairy cow coming in at
1:46about 500 kgs that would be the average
1:48between a jersey and a holstine
1:50and they would produce more or less 25
1:52liters per day the eu
1:54at 65 kgs can easily produce up to 2.6
1:58liters a day
1:59all right so where am i getting to you
2:01um i want to work out the
2:03animal efficiency right so we're
2:05specifically looking at
2:06mold yield deficiency as a percentage of
2:09body weight so what i did is
2:11i took the the milk yield i divide that
2:13um
2:14with the the body weight and then you
2:16get to a deficiency
2:18coefficient so we know dairy cows are
2:21the benchmark
2:22so they sit at about five percent let's
2:24take that as a hundred percent norm
2:26so a beef cow would represent more or
2:29less
2:30um let's say twenty percent of the
2:32efficiency of a dairy gum
2:34if you look at a u of twins a column on
2:36your right hand side
2:38they come extremely close to that of a
2:40dairy cup right so four percent
2:42and if we scale that up to a hundred
2:44percent that would be eighty percent
2:46efficiency of a dairy car so yes we're
2:48dealing with
2:49highly efficient animals um
2:52and i'm not even mentioning wool and
2:54meat production so we're just looking
2:56at milk or guilt right so yes
3:00the eu is also a highly specialized
3:01ruminant with a very high genetic
3:03potential for production
3:05similar to that as a dairy cow right so
3:08if we look at winning percentages let's
3:11look at
3:12historical values we were happy with
3:15about 70 percent to 100
3:16winning percentage let's say that's
3:18about 40 50 years
3:20ago today um in the extensive systems
3:24we we're moving towards 110
3:27winning percentage and in the more
3:29intensive systems
3:30we'd like to get up to about 170
3:34but is that the limit um
3:37i know there's some breeds in canada
3:40that
3:41they yield up to about 225
3:44um but remember that's highly intensive
3:47systems
3:47um the extensive farmers will struggle
3:50to get to that point
3:52but what i'm trying to show or point out
3:54is and just
3:55the the high production potential of
3:57these use of our sheep production
3:59systems
4:00all right but however with any system
4:04uh that gets uh pushed too hard
4:07similar to athletes if you push athlete
4:09too hard there will be some issues
4:12right or some consequences so in our
4:14luminance
4:15if we push them too hard towards
4:16production we're going to sit with
4:18metabolic diseases
4:19right as a result of malnutrition but
4:23some of these metabolic diseases
4:24include milk fever dystocia prolapse and
4:27a whole list of them i don't even have
4:29all of them
4:29on this slideshow but if you tick
4:32one of these boxes let's say we tick
4:35milk fever
4:36right then we're going to sit with lower
4:37reproduction values they were big mug
4:40production
4:41and at the end with weekly lambs we're
4:43gonna sit with
4:44um higher land mortalities and this will
4:48all
4:48um uh affect our bottom line at the end
4:52of the day
4:53so luckily we can overcome this by
4:56practicing clinical nutrition
4:58so the definition of clinical nutrition
5:01is is the use of feed and supplements to
5:04promote health
5:05and to prevent disease all right so
5:08we know that we're really feeding our
5:10animals high quality feed
5:12so and we the animals that we're dealing
5:14with are
5:15they do have a high genetic potential so
5:18to unlock that
5:19potential we need to practice clinical
5:22nutrition
5:23and we can do that by following the
5:24following primary goals
5:26we want to optimize intake right so you
5:29can do that by feeding the
5:31correct balance of micronutrients
5:35because that stimulates
5:36appetite we need to minimize catabolism
5:40metabolism that's just the breakdown of
5:42proteins
5:43so in in broad sense it's it's just the
5:46loss of body weight or
5:48weight overall so we want to minimize
5:49that and then at the same time we want
5:52to maximize
5:52immunity right so if we tick all
5:56three of those boxes we are practicing
5:58clinical nutrition and then we can
6:00unlock the
6:01genetic potential of animals going
6:04forward so we need to remember we
6:06we're feeding um luminance before
6:08stomachs
6:09and in their rumen there are
6:12micro microorganisms so we're basically
6:16feeding two systems
6:17we're feeding an animal and we're
6:18feeding the microbes
6:20and so further on i'll focus on on each
6:23system
6:24how we we can go and and focus on each
6:28of them
6:28all right moving on this is the
6:30production cycle
6:32over you um let's start there at the the
6:36bottom
6:37left-hand side and flush feeding so
6:39that's usually about four weeks prior
6:41mating
6:42so we're actually getting our ears ready
6:45um
6:46for the mating period right so that's
6:48usually about
6:49you could say 30 30 days before mating
6:52right
6:52let's say i use conceived moving into
6:56the
6:56gestation period this station is usually
6:58150 days
7:00of which is the first hundred days we're
7:02only focusing on on maintenance
7:04the last six weeks um before lambing
7:08that is one of the most important stages
7:11in this production cycle of the user
7:12record
7:13we mentioned that the legislation period
7:16or late pregnancy period
7:18all right then we after the lambing you
7:20move into early lactation that would be
7:22the second most important stage
7:24that would be the first four weeks after
7:27lambing or post lambing
7:29during this time lamb creep speed is
7:32very important
7:33so we're already feeding the lamb
7:35directly
7:37from about 10 days after after birth
7:40right up due to weaning
7:41and from weaning we've got two different
7:43groups where we've we've got our
7:46lambs that we sell or we fatten
7:49them in a feedlot and you've got your
7:51second group
7:52of your replacement use or your
7:54replacement ramps that you're rearing
7:56for for future uses and then of course
7:59don't forget about the rams
8:01so throughout this presentation i'll
8:03focus on on each
8:04production stage just briefly just
8:07focusing on a few tips there
8:09a few pointers right so most
8:12important if you would feed strategic
8:15and supplementation
8:17first one would be at flush feeding
8:19second would be
8:21six weeks prior lambing legislation
8:24third would be early lactation
8:26and your fourth would be creep feed
8:29right so this is a busy table but let's
8:32just focus
8:33on on the first on on the second column
8:35there
8:36so just to give you broad sense of this
8:38table this is the
8:39nutritional requirements of a you from
8:42maintenance right through reading late
8:45gestation
8:46early lactation right up to late
8:48lactation
8:49and then i also split it into a u with a
8:51single lamb and an e with twin lambs
8:52lands
8:54this is the actual protein requirement
8:56and the energy requirement
8:58the column on your right hand side so
9:01let's look at protein requirements
9:03and they only require about 85 grams of
9:05protein
9:06during maintenance and that can go
9:09up to about 300 grams of protein during
9:12early lactation
9:13right similar energy requirement very
9:16low during maintenance is about 0.6
9:19kilograms per day and that can jump
9:21right up to about 1.2
9:23so in essence your protein requirement
9:26goes up by 3.5 times and your energy
9:30doubles basically from maintenance to
9:33early lactation so this is important
9:35just to show you that you cannot feed
9:38a maintenance leak right through the
9:41production cycle
9:42you will sit with issues and the first
9:44would be
9:45metabolic diseases such as smoke fever
9:48ketosis and so on
9:52this is just a graphical representation
9:54of that table
9:56so we've got maintenance coming in right
9:58up to
9:59mating the nutritional requirements goes
10:02up for the eu
10:03and after mating it goes down back to
10:05maintenance and about
10:06six weeks by landing that graph starts
10:09picking up again
10:10and that's the nutritional requirement
10:12of that u
10:14after lambing it starts to reduce again
10:16right back to to
10:18winning when it stays on maintenance
10:20again so i've got two lines there
10:22blue line bottom line that represents an
10:24adult u
10:26and the red line just above it
10:27represents um
10:29a replacement u right so similar
10:32um flow but about 10 to 15
10:36higher nutritional requirement for a
10:38young you
10:39compared to that over an adult you
10:42alright so body condition extremely
10:45important
10:46um in this production life cycle of eu
10:50it's got a high impact on the land
10:52survival
10:53right so this graph depicts the lamb
10:56survival percentage
10:58linked to the body condition score over
11:00you at lambing
11:02right so at the bottom of the graph
11:04we've got the use body condition score
11:06that's one out of five
11:07and on the um y-axis although on the
11:10left-hand side you've got lamb survival
11:12percentage
11:13we've got two lines there twin lamb it's
11:15a gray line
11:16and the top line is for single land so
11:19it's evident here that
11:20the higher the body condition score of
11:22the ewe at point of lambing
11:24the higher the lambing survival
11:25percentage so that just shows you the
11:27importance of
11:28body condition in in this system
11:32all right so to kick off we're going to
11:33start with you preparation
11:35or flush feeding remember that's about
11:37four to six weeks
11:39um before mating so my rule of thumb is
11:4330 days primating you continue with
11:46flush feeding during the mating season
11:48and you continue another 30 days after
11:51you remove the ram so in total it should
11:54be somewhere in the area of 50 to 60
11:56days
11:57um for flush feeding it's all about body
12:00condition score during this stage
12:02we want to ensure that our eu's are and
12:05stay at about three or three point five
12:08body condition score
12:09out of a 0.05 to ensure
12:12that they conceive um at the end of the
12:15day
12:16right so a flush feeding usually we look
12:18at something like a production leak
12:20and it contains 15 to about 30
12:24protein depends on the quality of the
12:26roughage on the outside
12:27and it's usually a better lick and than
12:30your normal protein leak right so
12:31it's got a little bit more bypass
12:34protein
12:34we'll talk a bit later about bypass
12:36protein what it is
12:38it contains a little bit more energy and
12:40it's it's more balanced in terms of
12:42micronutrients all right so as mentioned
12:44the intake of these leaks depends on the
12:46roughage quality
12:47and usually my advice is
12:50stick with one kind of lick or mixture
12:53and you just vary the intake so you've
12:54got a good quality leak
12:56and you vary the intake dependent on if
12:59you're
12:59moving towards maintenance or flush
13:02feeding
13:02or lactation and so on so just to
13:05make it practical practically viable
13:09all right benefits of flush feeding
13:12you're increasing the use fertility so
13:14you get more multiple lambs
13:17and research shows that you actually
13:19winning
13:2020 more lambs per hundred years mated
13:22when
13:23applying flush feeding at the correct
13:25time right so
13:27after flush feeding and that would be 30
13:30days
13:30after mating then we move into the early
13:33mid
13:34pregnancy stage all right and that's
13:37usually for a period of 17 days so this
13:40would be your second cheapest window
13:43after just maintenance and
13:46the the main focus here is just to
13:48maintain body condition score
13:49we've already built up that body
13:51condition support during flash feeding
13:53now we just want to maintain it so this
13:54would be one of the cheapest feeding
13:56periods
13:57um it's as easy as just feeding a
13:59mineral leak on
14:00green felt or green pastures um and
14:03usually the intakes they are
14:04very low in the area of about 100 grams
14:07per
14:07for you per day um or you can look at
14:10something like a quality protein dick
14:12and when you've got dry felt or crop
14:14residues
14:15or stuff like that and then your intake
14:17would be a little bit higher at about
14:19200 grams
14:20per year per day if we move on
14:24to the late pregnancy stage that would
14:27be the six weeks before lambing
14:30then just to highlight why this stage is
14:33so
14:34important so usually we've got about 75
14:37to 80 percent of lamb growth
14:38because during this last third of
14:41gestation
14:43and we've got will follicle development
14:45of the of the lamb
14:46while it's still in the
14:49uterus of the ewe and all of this
14:53this accelerated lamb growth and will
14:56follicle development
14:58and and so on increases the nutritional
15:00requirement of the eu
15:02so we've got a lot of nutritional
15:04pressure during this stage on the eu
15:07and very important once again the body
15:09condition
15:10score should be correct by this time
15:12right so
15:13we've had enough time to get that body
15:15condition score to around about three
15:17three and a half and during this stage
15:20otherwise we're going to sit with
15:23land survival issues right so there's a
15:26second problem
15:27that we're dealing with at this stage
15:29and that is room and space
15:32right so only roughage is not sufficient
15:34we need to
15:35concentrate the feed and feed
15:38higher quality feed to ensure the animal
15:41actually getting in the right kind of
15:43feed and for their specific nutritional
15:45requirement
15:46at this stage so just to point it out um
15:49i've got a nice picture here of on your
15:52left-hand side of it you
15:53um with a single lamb and on the right
15:55hand side that you with
15:57triplets so what else can you see there
15:59what difference is there
16:01obviously room in space so the ear on
16:04the right hand side
16:06is good born lambs they take up more
16:08space and it's usually at the cost of
16:10room in space right so but this is now a
16:13double whammy
16:14the u on the right hand side it's got a
16:17more or less double the nutritional
16:18requirement
16:19than the u on the left-hand side but
16:21she's got less room in space
16:23that's why it's very important to feed
16:25high quality feed
16:27and for use during this stage to ensure
16:29they get the right
16:30quantity and quality feeding for that
16:33stage just on the topic of quality
16:36um i'm just mentioning one nutrient here
16:38and that's protein
16:40and i've got a nice um visual
16:42description here of what is quality
16:44protein
16:45so usually protein consists of two parts
16:48you've got your
16:50soluble protein or your lumen human
16:53degradable protein
16:55that would be the line that goes down to
16:57the bottom
16:58and it is the green circle the green
17:01circle represents the rumen of the
17:02animal
17:03and that's where we've got all the
17:05microorganisms
17:06so that would be about 70 percent
17:10of protein would fall under this
17:13category
17:14so the protein that falls in the rumen
17:16will be used up by the microbes
17:18right so none of that protein will go
17:20through that so the the rest of the
17:22protein
17:23and before it enters the rumen will
17:25actually
17:26uh we use the term bipartisan proteins
17:29or rumen undergradable protein
17:32humans cannot utilize that protein and
17:34that protein moves down to the
17:36lower intestinal system of of the animal
17:39and that's readily available to the
17:41animal as amino acids all right
17:44so we know amino acids are the building
17:46blocks for proteins such as milk
17:48meat and wool so for a highly productive
17:51animal such as the animal in this
17:52picture
17:53here with triplets um if we're only
17:56feeding
17:56uh protein high in rum and degradable
17:59protein
18:00there won't be enough protein for the
18:01animal itself to produce
18:04high quality milk meat and wood so
18:07especially in young animals
18:08and high producing animals we need to
18:11increase the quality of the
18:12protein be feeding and in terms of
18:15protein
18:18bypass protein which is usually you can
18:20say a natural protein
18:22that says soybean will get or cotton
18:25seed well cake
18:28right some of the metabolic diseases as
18:31mentioned earlier in the presentation
18:33i think that was one of the first boxes
18:35and was milk fever
18:37so if we hear the term milk fever we
18:40immediately think about dairy cows
18:41but bulk fever also occurs in use
18:44because we're pushing them harder and
18:46harder
18:47right so very important milk fever is a
18:49catalyst
18:50for all other metabolic diseases so if
18:53we can overcome or prevent milk fever
18:56we're going to sit with no issues
19:00such as dystocia or ketosis or any of
19:03those other metabolic diseases
19:05so just a quick snapshot on milk fever
19:07it's also called hypocalcemia
19:09it's basically a reduction in blood
19:11serum calcium
19:13so what happens is the withdrawal of
19:15calcium is faster than
19:16the replenishment of calcium and that's
19:20due to milk production or colostrum
19:22production
19:23right so you get two types of milk fever
19:26clinical milk fever
19:28and in any herd the incidence there is
19:31usually about five percent
19:33and then you get a second kind of
19:35multiview which is called sub clinical
19:37fever
19:38and usually two thirds of the herd has
19:42clinic uh something main difference
19:44between the two
19:45is um there's clinical signs in clinical
19:48milk fever
19:50and there's no symptoms in subclinical
19:52morphine
19:53right but both of them it's got the same
19:56effect so this
19:57the you will represent or produce
20:01slightly less milk which will affect the
20:05growth in our labs
20:07all right so luckily we can overcome
20:08this as well um
20:10we're easy to prevent and that's by
20:13means of feeding anionic salts
20:15usually three weeks before lambing
20:18anionic salts include epsom salt or
20:20magnesium sulfate
20:21ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate
20:24now all of these
20:25anionics also usually really readily
20:27available at any co-op
20:30and we include that by adding it to the
20:32lemming pin feed
20:33and it's usually the feed that's fit um
20:36let's say five days before lambing up
20:38until five days after that
20:40so it's usually a window of of ten days
20:43when we're feeding a lambing pin feed
20:45and we include anionic salts at about
20:470.5 to 1
20:49infusion rate and then the idea is to
20:52remove the anionic salts about 10 days
20:54off
20:54because then there's no benefit of using
20:56it then after
20:58just to look at some of the latest
21:00station feeding options
21:02you've got two options the totem
21:04extraction so it's a complete feed
21:07and usually they consist of about 40
21:09grain there's a concentrate that
21:11supplies
21:12all your minerals your vitamins your
21:15indian sources such as urea you've got a
21:18rough edge component and usually usually
21:20we want to feed a high quality roughage
21:21during this stage
21:23such as lucerne and then you've got your
21:25natural protein
21:26and such as a soybean well cake or
21:29cottonseed will cake
21:31and with a five percent inclusion i've
21:33added the anonymic salts there 0.5
21:36right so intake of turtlemix ration
21:39we start off let's say four weeks before
21:43lambing
21:44you start um just to ease the adaptation
21:48phase
21:48start off with 500 grams per day and you
21:51can pick that up gradually
21:52each day or each second day to end at
21:55around about two kgs and at point of
21:58landing
21:59the other option would be feeding a
22:00concentrate or a lick
22:02so you've licked usually consists of
22:04fifty percent grain
22:05is your energy component and then a
22:07fifty percent concentrate
22:09um supplying the the quality protein and
22:12the micronutrients and and then with
22:15um ad libitum rough which unrestricted
22:18roughage intake so
22:19either you supply this leak on felt or
22:22you supply it in a camp
22:23and with an additional roughage bale on
22:26the side
22:27you can also include your anionic salts
22:29there intakes for concentrate
22:32and usually start off about six weeks
22:34before lambing
22:36so traditionally um it was recommended
22:39to start off four weeks before
22:41lambing with a with a concentrate or a
22:43lick and
22:44um usually they start off with about 500
22:46grams 600 grams
22:48each day and they continue that right
22:50through up until lambing
22:52and when you sit with a total intake
22:53there of about 17
22:55kilograms um new research shows that
22:59rather start of six weeks before landing
23:02and then
23:03gradually pick up your intake so start
23:05off with low intakes 150 grams per day
23:08and then gradually pick that up each
23:10week as you get closer to lambing
23:12so that you end at about 600 grams of
23:15leak intake during that
23:17last week before landing and in total
23:19they would actually eat less leak
23:21than the traditional system you can even
23:23start off eight weeks before lambing
23:25and if it's practical and practically
23:28viable
23:29but during this stage when feeding
23:31concentrate or licks
23:32roughage should always be available
23:35unrestricted
23:37this is just one example in western
23:39capital south africa
23:40there's no roughage on the outside you
23:42can see there
23:43they've got these lambing camps of about
23:4640 by
23:4750 meters and they
23:50keep about 25 to 30 years in a camp
23:54and they only supply a roughage bale
23:57there in the background you can see the
23:58bale in the ring
23:59and then in these shade net feeding
24:02troughs
24:03they supply the lick that's it that's
24:06enough but remember it's a high quality
24:08lick
24:08with a high bypass level but just the
24:12advantages
24:13of feeding technical late gestation
24:15nutrition
24:16or applying it firstly you know your
24:18body condition score is correct
24:20remember it's directly affecting your
24:23land survival percentage
24:25and then you're also preventing
24:26metabolic diseases such as milk fever
24:29preventing viscous colostrum right so
24:32remember viscous colostrum
24:33is um usually uh just after lambing
24:38you get at you with a nice big other but
24:40there's no
24:41milk or no colostrum coming out that's
24:43usually
24:44due to feeding low quality protein
24:47during the late gestation period
24:49so we need to feed high quality food
24:51more natural proteins
24:53to ensure we don't sit with viscous
24:55colostrum during that first week
24:57at the end of the day when we're
24:58practicing clinical nutrition we
25:01sit with more lambs you do that more the
25:03higher laming
25:05survival percentage we can
25:08practice a stricter and selection so we
25:11sit with more fertile
25:13replacement use so that can easily
25:15increase your landing percentage there
25:17by 14 on on that younger group of use
25:21and then yes you can improve your
25:22selection you've got
25:24genetic progress and this is a
25:27sustainable growing
25:28hood at the end of the day all right now
25:30we sit with lambs
25:32or you use our producing milk um
25:35let's just have a look at the milk curve
25:38it's very similar to that of a dairy cow
25:40and there's a big mug production usually
25:43at about 28 30 days remember in dairy
25:45cows they peak at about 60 days
25:48and thereafter mooc starts to
25:51decrease so why this is important why
25:55why you need to understand the milk
25:57curve um
25:58of of an animal is just to actually
26:01um introduce your
26:05to feed the correct lick intake so
26:08there's no need to to continue with a
26:10high leak intake
26:1130 days after milk um in the case of
26:15sheet production systems because it's a
26:18natural process from what to decrease
26:20so you're actually wasting money if
26:22you're feeding high levels of
26:24of lick intake after 30 days so
26:27rule of thumb is you can reduce your
26:28intake uh your leak intake by about 40
26:32after 30 days in production
26:35in either your use or your lamps
26:39during this stage we also need to focus
26:42on on feeding
26:44feed for lambs so it's it's much more
26:46effective to feed the lamb directly
26:49instead of feeding the lamb through the
26:50ew
26:52indirectly producing milk the reason for
26:54this is all
26:55it's all about feed conversion rate
26:57right what is feed conversion rate
26:59it's the kilograms of feed they can
27:02introduce one kilogram of
27:04meat or carcass weight so this is just
27:08research all research and where they
27:10measured the feed conversion rate of
27:12lambs and from ages
27:15age groups of zero to 42 and then
27:19moving up to age ages of about 160 days
27:23they've got an average weight for that
27:24group and a feed conversion
27:26so if it's clear in that first line
27:29that the feed conversion rate is at its
27:31best
27:32for young animals it's one to one
27:36that animal only needs to eat one
27:37kilogram of feed to
27:39produce one kilogram of meat as the the
27:42land matures
27:43let's say it weaning at about 100 days
27:46speed conversion reduces to about
27:48four to one but they need to eat four
27:49kilograms of feed to produce one
27:51kilogram
27:52of meat so very important to focus on
27:55this first 40 days or 60 days
27:58you've got your best feed conversion
27:59rate and that's why um
28:02creed feed is so important because we
28:03can actually unlock
28:05this potential of that land where we're
28:08feeding less and getting more at the end
28:10of the day
28:11so land creep is there to fully unlock
28:13the production potential of our lambs
28:15and it includes advantages
28:17such as weaning heavier anything from
28:20three to twelve kilograms
28:22you can actually win earlier due to the
28:24higher average daily gain and
28:26increased feed conversion rate we're
28:29reducing weaning stress
28:31on both the lamb and the eu and we're
28:34actually controlling
28:35um bacterial pathogens such as oxidiosis
28:40we've got less mortality because we can
28:43feed the animals feed additives via the
28:47creep feed and then of course we're
28:49sparing the used body conditions
28:51because we're feeding the land directly
28:54so when do we feed creep feed and that's
28:57that's all this question
28:58being asked well my opinion is as soon
29:00as possible
29:01so let's say seven days ten days off the
29:04landing
29:05if they do use lambing pins and as soon
29:07as the the user lamps comes
29:09out of their landing pins start with
29:11grip feed and it's very easy to adapt
29:13the lamp to that
29:15you've got your crib feed pin as as in
29:17the picture
29:18on the outside you open the gate and you
29:21feed the ears feed in the feeding trough
29:22for about three days
29:24because remember the lamb usually feeds
29:26with the ew
29:27and this is important just for the lamb
29:29to to become accustomed to this new
29:31midfield environment or creepy pin
29:34environment
29:35right so three days after you close the
29:37gate you
29:39replace the use and feed with creep feed
29:42and you ensure that there's enough um
29:44openings
29:45for the lamb to to enter and exit and as
29:48easy as that they are accustomed to the
29:50new
29:51feeding pen typical lamb creep feed
29:54specs
29:55you usually usually have a 50 to 60
29:57grain component
29:595 to 15 concentrate and very important
30:02the natural protein
30:03component of about 15 it's uh the reason
30:07why i've got moldy sun in there
30:09um and molasses milk it's today as uh
30:12um it makes the feed more palatable
30:15and it's it's uh it's got a
30:19decent smell so we want the lamb to
30:22to increase intake as soon as possible
30:24on grid feed
30:25to unlock that um lower feed conversion
30:28rate of that lamp
30:31okay and usually intakes expected
30:33intakes there
30:34the first two weeks anything from three
30:36to five grams per day
30:38very little after a month um it
30:40increases to about 100 grams per day
30:43and at two months um the intake can be
30:45anywhere at half a kg
30:47and then in total over two months if you
30:50if you've been earlier or
30:51three months if you're more extensive
30:53system the rule of thumb is that a lamb
30:55will eat
30:56more or less 15 to 25 kgs of green feed
31:00and usually if you do that some or that
31:02calculation
31:03and there's a return on investment of at
31:05least two to one
31:07and feeding creepy right our replacement
31:10use
31:11very important group they've got the
31:14best genetics of the herd remember we're
31:16working with quality rams quality use
31:18that combination yields the best
31:20genetics of the hood they are the future
31:23and the potential is already there we
31:25just need to unlock it
31:27with the correct feeding principles
31:29right so very important our replacement
31:31use
31:32they should have a positive growth curve
31:34after weaning
31:36similar to this figure so after weaning
31:39yes there will be a slight decrease in
31:42average daily gain
31:43that's just the winning stress playing a
31:45role there
31:46and then we'd like to continue that
31:49positive growth
31:50curve right up to target maintaining
31:52weight
31:54usually target mating weight of
31:56replacement use or in the area of 80
31:58percent
31:58to 90 percent of mature um weight
32:02and uh it also depends on
32:05the age of mating so are you mating your
32:09replacement use at twelve months of age
32:11or fifteen months of age with all those
32:14factors you can easily work out
32:16your target um average daily gain that
32:19you want to achieve
32:20to ensure a smooth positive growth curve
32:24we don't want a sip of something like
32:26this right so this is a stepwise on
32:29non-linear growth curve so after weaning
32:32we chase the young muse in a in a camp
32:35there at the back of the
32:36the farm we forget about them and then
32:39let's say
32:39a month or two before mating season
32:42starts
32:43which has them back in the feedlot and
32:44we feed them a
32:46high energy dense diet so we do achieve
32:49our target body weight almighty
32:52however you can assist with the
32:54following consequences
32:56you're going to sit with 40 increase in
32:58open replacement use
33:00right and also the number of twins
33:03um or multiples will be cut in half so
33:06if we bargained on about
33:0720 percent multiples for our replacement
33:11use
33:12we're going to sit with only 10
33:13multiples and that's all due to
33:16um malnutrition after weaning
33:20right up to the point of of mating
33:23right so why is that we know why cell
33:25development
33:26um happened six months prior so
33:29six months prior that target weight is
33:32right then that flat line
33:34so that we practice malnutrition and
33:37the other issue there if we feeding them
33:40a high energy dense diet
33:41um just before mating there might be a
33:44accumulation of fat around the other
33:46and that will definitely negatively
33:48affect your
33:49milk production and colostrum and that
33:52will decrease your land
33:53survival percentage all right so
33:57we can overcome that by feeding the
33:59correct concentrate
34:00and after reading for replacement use
34:02that would be a high energy dense diet
34:05and similar to creep feed
34:08so that will contain 60 to 70 percent
34:10grain
34:11concentrate 15 to 20 and then important
34:15include a natural protein component
34:17there of at least 15
34:19intake will be linked to the quality of
34:21the posture
34:22good quality posture on the outside then
34:25or felt
34:26and you've got a lower intake on your
34:27concentrate and other way around
34:30the lower the quality of the roughage on
34:32the outside the higher the intake
34:34the concentration so we can manage that
34:36by weighing the use
34:38um or just a small grip of the use every
34:40second week
34:41just to see if they are on their target
34:43average daily gains
34:46right that would be the the one group uh
34:49the winning group the second winning
34:51group would be lambs that we're actually
34:53selling or putting in a feedlot so if
34:57you're practicing your own feedlot
34:59the concept there is you bring your
35:01animals or your lambs directly from
35:03creep feed
35:04and to a grower ration so we're usually
35:07taking dams at about 20 kgs to
35:0935 kgs we apply time feed costs and some
35:14other factors that i'll mention later
35:16and then we get to a slaughter weight
35:18of about 40 to 45 48 kilograms
35:22so we basically want we want to add
35:24about 20 kilograms over
35:25a time frame of let's say 60 days
35:28and the main profit driver in a feedlot
35:31is feed conversion rate
35:33so if you remember and that's earlier
35:35that table that i showed
35:37of feed conversion rate of animals so
35:39the younger the animal the better the
35:41feed conversion rate
35:42we want to get them in a feedlot as soon
35:44as possible
35:46very important you cannot feed the wrong
35:49lamb right
35:50unfortunately um with each
35:54winning group there will be let's say
35:56the bottom 10 percent the bottom
35:5815 of that group will be lambs
36:01that cannot be fed right right so you
36:04need to get rid of them
36:05they're going to eat up your margin in
36:07your feedlot
36:08and so identify them as soon as possible
36:11and get rid of them they're gonna
36:13mess around your your um your feeding
36:16norms
36:17all right facilities in the feedlot
36:19standing space for lamb usually about
36:212.5 square meters
36:23feeding space very important 10 to 20
36:26centimeters
36:28and then shade um you could say almost a
36:31one square meter per
36:32animal and then there should always
36:34animals should always have access to
36:36clean water more or less five liters
36:39a day all right so expected feedlot
36:42results
36:43in south africa that this would be
36:44averaged over it's about 100 000 lambs
36:48starting weight of about 25 kgs in
36:51weight
36:5145 i've got a plus there the heavier the
36:54better
36:55feeding days um not longer than 60 days
36:58usually 45 days and then average daily
37:02gain average
37:03would be 300 grams per day however we'd
37:07like to get to about 350 to 400 grams
37:09per day
37:10feed conversion rate lower than 5.5
37:144.5 would be ideal and then slaughter
37:17dressing percentage
37:18um anything higher than 47 we'd like to
37:21get in the area of 48
37:2249 and obviously breed dependent
37:27and then your average feed intake per
37:29day over that feeding period of about 60
37:31days would be
37:321.6 kgs per day per lamb usually
37:36i say 1.5 kgs and then
37:39you can expect a total feed intake of
37:41about 100 kilograms
37:43per lamb over that feeding period and
37:46then if you
37:47dealing with um wool-based breeds
37:52or multiple breeds then you can easily
37:54show off 1kg of rule as well
37:56and which is a nice extra income there a
37:59typical lamb grower ration
38:01and there's two options there you've got
38:04uh ration with silage
38:05ration without silage and nonetheless
38:08you've got a high grain component
38:10about 60 70 a concentrate usually
38:13consists of about 10 to 20 percent
38:16and your natural protein source also in
38:18a very important four to five percent
38:21roughage um anywhere from fifteen to
38:23twenty percent
38:24so at the end of the day we sit with a
38:26protein
38:28of about 16 percent on dry matter base
38:31all the respective total mix rations
38:35we should not forget about the rams
38:39so just there's a few nutritional goals
38:41this would be my second or my third last
38:43slide
38:44so the first goal there in our young
38:46rams is to
38:47is for frame development you can achieve
38:50that by feeding us
38:53or concentrate with high levels of
38:56bypass protein
38:57because a young animal is still in a
38:59growing phase so we need to supply
39:01quality
39:03all right so we want to maintain
39:04excellent body condition scores in our
39:06um in our end and throughout the year so
39:10usually we want to sit with a quality
39:13leak there and we want to
39:14maintain a body condition score of 3.5
39:16plus
39:18we want to maximize sperm production
39:21and libido and we can achieve that by
39:24feeding optimal levels of
39:25trace minerals specifically zinc
39:28manganese copper
39:29selenium and then vitamin a very
39:31important there
39:32and we want to prevent the formation of
39:34kidney and batter stones
39:36um it's a metabolic disease and that
39:39that's got a high level of occurrence
39:41in our male animals
39:44and we can prevent that by feeding
39:46anionic salts
39:48similar fashion in preventing milk fever
39:51in our ears as well
39:53so lastly we want to avoid acidosis
39:56remember if we're feeding high levels of
39:58starch we decreasing the the ph in the
40:01rumen
40:02and that can easily lead to subacute and
40:05chemical acidosis effect severely
40:07affecting the
40:09performance of our animals at the end of
40:10the day you can avoid that by feeding
40:12feed additives such
40:13as walls and then the ration that we're
40:16feeding should not be
40:20high in well too energy dense otherwise
40:23we're going to prove
40:24excessive fat partitioning and that fat
40:27partitioning usually occurs
40:30around the the scrotum of the animal
40:32that affects fertility of the rams
40:35so we we can apply a feed
40:39that can tick all these boxes and
40:41something like a creep feed
40:42that we supplementing to our lambs
40:46so we when you're feeding a creepy to
40:48the rams there should always be access
40:51to unlimited roughage or we can feed
40:54them a total mixed ration
40:56and the specs there would be similar to
40:58a starter feedlot ration
41:00with more or less of 25 percent roughage
41:02inclusion
41:03i would say let's say about 50 or less
41:07grain component so it should not be
41:10you could say a hot ration should be a
41:12weaker ration
41:14so my take home message for you firstly
41:17remember body condition score extremely
41:20important
41:21in our ship production systems
41:22especially for for the eu
41:24and to ensure maximum fertility
41:28and maximum land survival latest station
41:31and
41:31early lactation would be the most
41:34important window form
41:36to focus on if you want to start off
41:38with
41:39well introducing supplements the reason
41:43for that is just
41:44to ensure high quality colostrum
41:48all that lambs which is directly linked
41:51to land in survival once again
41:53and then lamb creek feed is a must we
41:55saw that it's
41:57there's a high return on investment when
41:59you feed the lamb
42:00directly than feeding it through the hue
42:04and then when we win our lambs and we
42:07give back our replacement use or
42:10maiden used we want to maintain a linear
42:13growth
42:14curve after we need right to ensure that
42:16we
42:17have achieved maximum fertility in our
42:19on our young years as well
42:22and always don't forget about the rams
42:24all right feed the correct
42:26feed which ensures maximum libido
42:30maximum sperm production and avoiding
42:32bladder stones
42:34and acidosis and we can achieve all the
42:37above by applying clinical nutrition
42:40all right so thank you that's that's it
42:42for today
42:44um any questions can be addressed
42:47to my email address there at the bottom
42:50uh
42:50j-o-s-e-f dot von benthart
42:53at longguard.com thanks for your time
43:20you

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