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Literature Review Process 2/3 . Quality & Sources جودة المصادر والمراجعات للادبيات العلمية — Transcript

by Ashraf Elsafty (Prof. Ashraf Elsafty) · 3,175 words · 390 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:00welcome your honors
0:02we are completing the discussion of literature review
0:05and this is considered the second episode that tackles the literature review
0:08and we will have the title or the headers of the episode
0:12making clear the order
0:14we have said that the literature review is constituted of three main steps
0:17blended
0:19identification, evaluation, and documentation
0:23and we can give as an example in this episode using APA format
0:27in the identification we mentioned published and the unpublished
0:32and we said that you have to explain the source
0:36what is identification ?
0:38identification means to go back to a clear source
0:41and tell what it is
0:42and to tell what you extracted from the source
0:48and tell all the details about that
0:51what are the different sources?
0:54it can be textbook or even a book, academic and professional journals
1:00theses, conference proceedings , unpublished manuscripts
1:05reports of government departments and corporations
1:08newspapers, and the internet
1:10pay attention here that these sources should not be all scientific
1:15here it is a mix of different types scientific, non-scientific
1:20semi-scientific, or even totally unrelated to the science
1:24such as the internet, what do you mean by internet?
1:29how can we differentiate between them?
1:31what are the criteria that enable me to differentiate between the various sources?
1:35to know whether to use this in the section of literature review
1:38or I should use it in the section of the problem definition
1:41because we are going to use different sources in all the sections
1:45where am I going to use these various sources?
1:48in fact, the more you are less or non-scientific
1:51the more you will use it in the section of problem definition
1:54the more it is scientific, credible, highly ranked, quality science
1:58you will place it more in the literature review
2:01so how am I supposed to differentiate between published and unpublished?
2:04and these sources?
2:06let's tackle it quickly, briefly and partially
2:10how do we know the literature quality
2:13we know it by the first level of the researcher
2:19it is either applied or basic in general in scientific research
2:23by which approach does the applied work?
2:26by the deductive
2:28and the basic?inductive
2:29who is that researcher?
2:31this is a researcher studying in master or doctoral degree
2:34and he is working on his thesis or his dissertation
2:37here is our cute researcher
2:40with whom? with a supervisor or 2 or 3 or more
2:43what is he producing? he is producing his thesis or dissertation
2:47when he finishes, are we going to consider it published or unpublished?
2:52this is unpublished
2:55what does unpublished mean?
2:56it differs at the level of revising the acknowledged scientific publication
3:03what is it? here we agreed that we are going to do applied or basic
3:07deductive or the inductive
3:09there are a researcher and supervisors
3:12he produced this, if we stopped at this point
3:16it is called the unpublished thesis or dissertation
3:19but when the university is recommending to print
3:25No, this is circulation, printing
3:28but what about the publishing houses
3:32there are scientific publishing houses
3:33and normal publishing houses
3:34publishes any quality book or content
3:38but it is not obliged to adhere to the scientific method
3:43therefore, we can define a book as an example
3:47what is the definition of book?
3:49we said that the book is the opinion of the author
3:51but the author has scientific prizes and degrees
3:54here in the template or in the standard of the book
3:58it is not a condition to adhere to that
3:59but still he can follow the scientific method
4:02to a certain degree and the scientific procedure
4:04to strengthen and enrich his book
4:09but he can not apply all components of the scientific research
4:12in one book
4:14so how to move from the level of the unpublished
4:17because i have completed my master/ doctoral theses
4:20and it was printed and delivered to the university
4:21can we say by this it is published? No, it is unpublished
4:23it is printed and placed at the library of the university
4:26circulated and distributed by a printing house
4:29what does make it scientifically published ?
4:32this high level that is called peer to peer review
4:36what does it mean?
4:39the peer is the equivalent
4:44in what sense? its explanation not only the translation
4:47it means he specializes in the same kind of speciality
4:51so if you are doing a research about a topic,
4:53he has an experience in that topic
4:54number two academically speaking
4:56he has a higher level than the researcher
4:59and he can also be equal or higher in terms of knowledge
5:03from the supervisors
5:06this scientific reviewer can be one professor two or three
5:10at the minimum they should be two
5:12and they can be 3 or 4 at the maximum
5:14he is reviewing because he is knowledgeable
5:17or equivalent to you in the same science
5:19also his academic degree is higher
5:21in terms of the scientific order
5:23which must be in most of the countries and universities
5:27equal to his scientific productions
5:33even if he does not have a position in the university
5:36but he has many scientific and research productions
5:37writing and producing scientific researches
5:41but who is going to choose those?
5:43and how and where he can meet them?
5:45you meet them here, where you do a publication
5:49or where your scientific production will be published
5:51or in a place called journal
5:53how am I going to go to the journal?
5:54and what is it?
5:56the journal is an association or a group of professors
6:00out of the academic field or scientific institutes
6:05or the universities
6:07inside or outside it
6:08established by a group of
6:10it is not required to be related to a university or association
6:13and it is not required to be part of a scientific institute
6:14it can be established by a group of professors jointly
6:18when they establish it they receive papers from the researchers
6:23what are these papers?
6:24it is a summary of your scientific research effort
6:29be it in the form of thesis or dissertation
6:33how long it can be? in terms of the quantity
6:35it can be between 6000 to 8000 words
6:41it can go up 10000 or 12000 if it is a basic research
6:45it can be acceptable in some cases basic research
6:48and in others applied research
6:52but the common average is 6000, 7000 or 8000
6:56your thesis or dissertation will be
6:59approximately 50 000, 60 000 or 70 000 words
7:04which means that you need to sum up your work
7:10and exclude 90% of the content and convert it
7:14with same powerful scientific content to a paper
7:17which has 6000, 7000 or 8000 words
7:19but who is going to tell me this condition?
7:21the journal will tell you, at the very beginning
7:27and before sending me the paper,
7:28how much words should it include
7:31what if I wasn't able to do that? you have to practice
7:34if it is more, it will be refused
7:36what am I going to benefit if I send it summed up?
7:39those two or three professors will review it
7:42then it will be published and this is the scientific acknowledgement
7:46at the level of the scientific publishement
7:48that this journal accepted from me,
7:51after being reviewed by these professors, this paper
7:54built on this thesis or dissertation
7:56you have the chance to produce one or two papers
7:59from your thesis or master
8:02problem and literature part as well as
8:05research design in one paper
8:06and collected data, analysis and conclusion in another
8:09if your literature is larger
8:11it can be divided with the design in two papers
8:14and the outcome where you have done comprehensive
8:17quantitative and qualitative analyses
8:19they can be divided into two parts in the form of a paper
8:22even many scientific institutes and universities
8:26that has a higher ranking
8:28require to scientifically publish or not
8:31way before discussing your thesis or dissertation
8:34but you won't find such hard conditions in all universities
8:39in our region kind of
8:42what are the drawbacks at this level
8:45knowing that it is scientific publication?
8:47that this group of professors already know
8:50the supervisors' names
8:53and these also know these names' and statements'
8:56then what is the problem here?
8:57a negative reverse can happen
8:59they can be influenced by each others
9:01these can compliment the student or the supervisors
9:06roles may change, changed or will change
9:12and then this compliment this
9:14because later this supervisor will review student
9:20of this professor, so roles will change
9:22therefore, compliment or embarrassment may happen
9:26one of these reviewers can feel embarrassed to write
9:29a highly criticizing report for his colleague
9:31who supervised this student
9:33then he will try to make it less severe
9:36but we want the scientific research to be highly reviewed
9:39by this we move to the third level called blind review
9:44what is the difference?
9:46first, you can send your paper to a journal or conference
9:50what is the difference?
9:51the journal has a periodical
9:52how much? it happens few times
9:55it can be every two , three, six months
9:59it can be quarter, mid-year and the like
10:03and every journal will state that from the beginning
10:06and what is the conference ?
10:07it is yearly most of the time
10:10and sometimes two years if it is a basic research
10:12the conference is that in this journal and the editorial board
10:20what does the published science in 1,2 years ago focus on?
10:25then they can do a conference every one or two years
10:28and discuss the most important topics
10:29or the topics which have not yet been discussed
10:34and ask the professors and researchers and call for papers
10:39to the conference and they write and do researches in these areas
10:43he sends to us an abstract, we already discussed it, of 300 to 500 words
10:49where he writes about their ideas
10:50then we approve it, he works on it
10:53for 6 months or one year
10:54then sends it to us then to the conference
10:56as researchers, we presented in this conference
11:00then it will go through scientific review, like this level
11:02or at this more powerful level
11:04what is this blind level?
11:06we hide the name of these reviewers
11:10from the researcher or the student
11:13who sent us the paper as well as from the supervisors
11:17then they can review comfortably without worrying
11:20that my colleague will know because
11:22even if the countries and the universities are far
11:28the roles differ and we can know each other's
11:30names and positions, so no
11:32they hide our names from the supervisors
11:37therefore, we write our report with requested effort
11:39without worrying
11:41but still there is a drawback
11:42what is it? if these people have negative partiality
11:46against these
11:48they may be angry from us as a country or university
11:54or from the topic and so on
11:56how can we prevent that?
11:57we can move to a higher level called double blind
12:02what does it mean?
12:04they will not know each other
12:06neither the researchers, supervisors or the reviewers
12:11will know the names of the others
12:15this will be slightly complicated and exhausting
12:18in the process of submission
12:20we send and submit here, sometimes it can be
12:22line by line or paragraph by paragraph, image in its place
12:25we upload the document without the names at all
12:31without the references and all details showing who are these
12:35and we do not know to whom it is submitted
12:38this is managed by software management
12:40this journal website will be running this,
12:43it has a pool and a number of the names and database
12:47of the reviewers names, he changes, sends and so on
12:53by this you guarantee integrity and impartiality
12:55both parties do not know each others
12:58therefore, if published
13:00it will be published in the journal or conference
13:04with much impartiality
13:06on this basis, when it is published, we start saying
13:09how can we know the strength and credibility of the journal?
13:15and how it can be ranked, whether the journal or conference
13:19there is something called the impact factor
13:21this quality science, first is it a must when I do my thesis
13:28or dissertation to follow this order 1, 2 , 3 or 4?
13:34No, it is not, you can directly go to the hardest thing
13:36but it will hard and a burden to do for the first time
13:41but if you can do it, fine
13:43but pay attention we can not submit
13:46to more than one journal at once
13:48you submit and send your paper to a journal
13:52and wait for the approval or refusal
13:55if it is approved, then congrats, it is accepted
14:00if it is refused, then you submit to another journal
14:03isn't it possible to submit to the two?
14:04no, because if the two accept and did efforts
14:07it will be a problem to be accepted in here or there
14:09on the contrary,
14:10it will make us sign on an agreement when we submit
14:13that you did not published this paper before
14:16and you did not sent it to any journal or conference
14:19to be reviewed, when you were sending it to us
14:22will there be any charges?
14:23yes there is, these reviewers may take very little amount
14:28but there are expenses of reviewing
14:31there are expenses for website administration
14:33there are expenses for the whole process
14:35in administration and editing
14:37therefore, you will find expenses to pay
14:39it can be 300$ or 700€ one thousand, two or three
14:44because it's a complicated, long and exhausting process
14:48does this have benefits? even if it had benefits
14:51in fact, most journals are non-profit civil associations
14:56using their profits in these journals
14:59when you pay such expenses, you will guarantee highly reviewing
15:04will I have revenues? yes it is possible
15:06when it will be posted in the database of the journal
15:08and every one reads it, you will have a revenue
15:10is it an earning? no it is not but it will be enough
15:13if you just make up for the costs you paid
15:15it's about the idea of the credibility of this group's reviewing
15:19are there any funds or grants for that?
15:21yes, one of the funds and grants is that
15:25I have a strong paper sent to this place, if published, payed and accepted
15:31I will get funds and grants
15:33and this is one of the things that get grants and funds
15:35and has a very strong potential
15:38beside that, we have a new idea that have risen
15:40as the open source in the software called the open access
15:44many credible strong and respectable journals
15:47as well as the medium, and weak ones
15:49adapted this idea, which is
15:50you send it to us and we review at the highest level double blind
15:55but as you did not pay anything
15:58the paper becomes available and free for everybody
16:02this is also a win-win situation
16:04because when you publish the paper and it is accepted
16:07in a highly credible place and people read it
16:09it will have a chance of highly spreading
16:11without a material profit be it high, medium or low
16:15but the scientific return will be stronger
16:17each time the paper is read, we will notice in the process of documentation
16:22that each one who reads and uses the paper
16:25it is required for him, he should write your name,
16:28your information, all the information of the authors
16:32and therefore, we give a point to that author
16:37who is you and the supervisors
16:39the paper as well as the journal also will take a point
16:45and therefore, an accumulation of points happens
16:48for each journal, paper and researcher
16:53by this we get to know the strength of the researcher and the paper
16:57as well as the strength and the ranking of the journal or the conference
16:59we call the ranking of the journal impact factor
17:04in the fields of science it will be different
17:07it is possible in the business and management to be
17:10impact factor 16 or 18
17:12and in the chemistry, physical science, or engineering
17:16to reach 30, 40
17:20then what and why this difference in the numbers?
17:22it is the dimension, depth and the history of science
17:25therefore, it is possible in the field to read papers
17:31from journal in your literature review
17:34there is a rank between, for instance, business and management
17:39between 2 to 4
17:42no less than 2 and no more than 4
17:45and if it is more than 4 it can be fine
17:46and in another field from 10 to 15
17:49and this will be stated by the journal or whatsoever
17:53be it when we are writing our dissertation or paper
17:57now we will complete a little section
17:59on what basis can I make a difference?
18:03we agreed that this is the difference
18:05is it achieved in those things? No,
18:09if the journal is available on the internet it becomes medium
18:13not the same journal
18:16and what is it? the internet in itself as a medium
18:22as the newspapers , is it scientific? no
18:25it is a source of news that can be impartial
18:27scientific or it can not be
18:29but it is a source you can rely on in the problem definition
18:31you can find on the internet journals or fake things
18:35or dictionaries for instance
18:37and what is the close thing?
18:39paper, conference, published or unpublished manuscript
18:47thesis, dissertation but the book or textbook
18:51textbook is stronger than a book as if it is literature review
18:57it can be one, two or three major scholars
19:01where each chapter is written by 1, 2 or three professors
19:05therefore, if the book is the opinion of the author
19:08and it has 1000 or 2000 references
19:13then the textbook is the opinion of one, two or three major scholars
19:18in every chapter there is one or two professors
19:21then here you have a number of professors that can be
19:24about 20 to 30 professors who worked on the textbook
19:29in the textbook, the number of references
19:31instead of 1000 or 2000, it can reach the double, 5000, 10 000
19:36because it is a reference book close to
19:38the literature review in a particular topic
19:40and now we have a criteria to choose from these
19:44to start pay attention that the scientific be it
19:48journal, theses, dissertation, conference proceeding
19:51this what you should use and mention strongly in the section
19:56of literature review
19:58but what you are going to use more in the section of problem definition
20:01references from the internet, newspaper reports
20:04stakeholder analysis, you can use a book or textbook
20:09what if I use a book or textbook in the section literature review ?
20:12it should be the minimum, I mean 5% to10%
20:15but at the level of problem definition use different references
20:20now we have displayed the different references
20:24and we discussed how to compare between them
20:26and between the literature review quality
20:29as well as the difference between published and the unpublished
20:33scientific research
20:34the next episode will be about how to write and do a documentation
20:40using the APA format
20:42thank so much you honors

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