Linux commands for Beginners 20 - Package Management on Fedora and CentOS (dnf and yum) — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:00[Music]
2. 0:20so in a past video we've already
3. 0:22explored the concept of package
4. 0:25management I showed you all the commands
5. 0:27to install upgrade packages remove
6. 0:30packages basically everything you need
7. 0:32to know to manage packages on your Linux
8. 0:34system but that video was very specific
9. 0:37to the Debian style that includes Debian
10. 0:39itself distributions that are based on
11. 0:42Debian as well as Ubuntu in
12. 0:45distributions and are based on that
13. 0:46which include pop OS or Linux Mint so by
14. 0:49understanding the Debian style you
15. 0:51understand already a large portion of
16. 0:54all the distributions out there because
17. 0:56the commands from one will usually apply
18. 0:58to the other but what happens if you're
19. 1:01using a distribution that is not based
20. 1:03on Debian or Ubuntu and CentOS and
21. 1:05Fedora fit into that example they are
22. 1:08not based on Debian they use a
23. 1:10completely different package manager so
24. 1:12in this video I'm going to show you the
25. 1:14basics of package management but I'm
26. 1:17going to show you how to do that on sent
27. 1:19OS as well as fedora so let's go ahead
28. 1:22and dive right in okay so here are my
29. 1:25terminal I have two Linode instances
30. 1:28basically cloud virtual machines at my
31. 1:32disposal here that I'm going to use for
32. 1:34this tutorial if you don't already know
33. 1:36how to create your own Linode I have a
34. 1:38dedicated video for that but it doesn't
35. 1:40have to be a cloud instance it could be
36. 1:42a VirtualBox virtual machine a physical
37. 1:45installation it really doesn't matter I
38. 1:47have two terminal tabs open here on the
39. 1:50Left I have sent to Wes and then here on
40. 1:53the right I have Fedora how do I know
41. 1:57that because this name is very
42. 1:58misleading I didn't even bother changing
43. 2:00the name when I created these instances
44. 2:02so how would I tell so this isn't the
45. 2:05subject matter that we're going over but
46. 2:06it's just a quick tip I could simply do
47. 2:08cat slash Etsy OS - release so that
48. 2:13command right there will give me some
49. 2:15information about the distribution that
50. 2:18I'm running on so I'll press ENTER and
51. 2:20you can see from here I'm using sent to
52. 2:22s like I mentioned it's version seven
53. 2:24and then we have some more information
54. 2:26going down here if I do the same thing
55. 2:29on my Fedora Linode
56. 2:34you can see that I get pretty much the
57. 2:37same information I am running Fedora 30
58. 2:40this is the server Edition and then
59. 2:43again we have all the information about
60. 2:45this particular distribution so let's
61. 2:50get started with scent OS scent OS uses
62. 2:54the yum package manager which is spelled
63. 2:57Y um and it gets some basic information
64. 2:59here we can just look at the man page we
65. 3:02can see what it stands for
66. 3:03yellow-dog updater modified and then we
67. 3:07can get some information here if we
68. 3:09scroll down we get all kinds of options
69. 3:10and I'm not going to go over all of
70. 3:12these options here I'm going to give you
71. 3:13guys the basics but we have update
72. 3:16update minimal check update upgrade
73. 3:19remove and so on I'm gonna press Q to
74. 3:26quit out of here and let's install a
75. 3:29package I'm going to show you the way in
76. 3:31which you would install a package now
77. 3:33first of all we should search for
78. 3:35packages so what I'm going to do is type
79. 3:37yum search and then a search term that
80. 3:41we can use to search for so I want to
81. 3:43install vim enhanced so I'll press Enter
82. 3:47and we can see the package name right
83. 3:49here is vim enhance we can ignore the
84. 3:52dot x86 64 unless we actually want to
85. 3:55install something else
86. 3:56we're basically interested in the name
87. 3:59before the period here I already knew
88. 4:01that the package name was vim in Hance
89. 4:03but I just wanted to show you guys the
90. 4:05process of searching now that we know
91. 4:08the name of the package that we want to
92. 4:10install we do sudo which I actually
93. 4:12don't need to do because I'm actually
94. 4:14running as root as you can see right
95. 4:16here yum install and then the name of
96. 4:20the package I'll press Enter now what is
97. 4:28going to do is look at which
98. 4:30dependencies are necessary to satisfy
99. 4:33the requirements of this package and
100. 4:35here at the bottom it's going to give me
101. 4:37an option to agree and go ahead and
102. 4:40download it I want to say no for now
103. 4:44and recall the command so that's how you
104. 4:48install something now one thing you can
105. 4:50do is do dash y for yes which basically
106. 4:54means it's not going to prompt you at
107. 4:56all now here's the difference
108. 4:59it just went and did it
109. 5:01it didn't ask me are you sure like you
110. 5:02saw in the previous step it went ahead
111. 5:05and installed it and again I just added
112. 5:08the dash Y to that command now I don't
113. 5:12really advise the use of - why it's
114. 5:15actually a pet peeve of mine I see this
115. 5:17happen all the time a lot of Linux
116. 5:20administrators out there use - why - why
117. 5:23means except you know the confirmation
118. 5:25but what if it wants to remove a package
119. 5:27and you didn't want it removed or you
120. 5:30know ends up removing a bunch of
121. 5:31dependencies and breaks something else I
122. 5:33really don't like - why but you know
123. 5:36it's ok because sometimes in scripts
124. 5:38you'll need something like - why to
125. 5:40automate something and you know there's
126. 5:43really no way around that because I'm
127. 5:44assuming you'll test your scripts before
128. 5:46you deploy them you know that they work
129. 5:48you know that the commands do what you
130. 5:49want just use - why with care so I went
131. 5:53ahead and installed them enhanced which
132. 5:57means I do have them installed that's my
133. 6:00preferred text editor as you may have
134. 6:02heard in a previous video and now we
135. 6:06have that installed but what if I want
136. 6:09to remove that package I could do sudo
137. 6:11yum remove and then the name of the
138. 6:15package which again was vim enhanced and
139. 6:21it's basically just giving me a
140. 6:22confirmation I'll say yes clear the
141. 6:26screen and you can see that vim is not
142. 6:31installed anymore we'll get back to the
143. 6:34video shortly but I'd like to take a
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162. 7:19definitely recommend you check out
163. 7:21Linode it's also the platform I use
164. 7:24personally and I couldn't be happier
165. 7:26with it
166. 7:26be sure to check out Linode and let's
167. 7:28get back to the video now let's check
168. 7:32out fedora now at first glance you might
169. 7:37think that fedora uses the same package
170. 7:39manager if you do which yum you'll see
171. 7:43that yum is actually it's here it's
172. 7:46present and you can actually use that to
173. 7:49install packages but before we do that
174. 7:51let's take a closer look if we do LS
175. 7:54against the results of the witch command
176. 7:57which again was user been yum and I'm
177. 8:01gonna use - L here we see something
178. 8:05pretty interesting it's a symbolic link
179. 8:08that's pointing to something called DNF
180. 8:11now let's do the same thing here user
181. 8:15Binyam same thing it's not assembly it's
182. 8:21an actual binary so we could already see
183. 8:24that that's different so what's going on
184. 8:28here what is DNF so do man DNF and from
185. 8:34the description here we see that DNF is
186. 8:36the next upcoming major version of YUM
187. 8:39so already we can see that Fedora
188. 8:42actually uses a different package
189. 8:44manager than cent OS so let's see what
190. 8:49happens if we try to use yum on fedora
191. 8:52we'll do this the same thing Jung search
192. 8:56vim enhanced
193. 9:02and it's refreshing itself which can
194. 9:05happen and we have a result so the young
195. 9:09command seemed to work fine so what
196. 9:12happens if we try to use it to actually
197. 9:15install a package so sudo yum install
198. 9:18again I don't actually need sudo M
199. 9:21enhanced
200. 9:30now in this case vim enhanced was
201. 9:33already installed in the Linode instance
202. 9:35so let's try a different package for
203. 9:37example I'm going to install a package
204. 9:40called H top now you need a different
205. 9:43repository and sent to us to install
206. 9:44this but it's something that I want in
207. 9:46Fedora it is it is actually available so
208. 9:48if I do
209. 9:48yum search H top we can see that it's
210. 9:54available so I'm going to do yum install
211. 9:57H top I'm leaving out sudu because I
212. 9:59don't actually need it I'm running his
213. 10:01route and you can actually see that it's
214. 10:06working just fine I'll say no and let's
215. 10:11change YUM to DNF DNF install h top now
216. 10:21if I didn't know any better I'd say that
217. 10:23the output looks exactly the same so
218. 10:26what's going on here as you saw in a
219. 10:29previous command I entered the yum
220. 10:31executable is actually a symbolic link
221. 10:34to DNF in Fedora so whether you call it
222. 10:36with DNF or yum you're using DNF so if
223. 10:40you use yum to run your updates or
224. 10:43install packages you're actually being
225. 10:46redirected to DNF previous versions of
226. 10:48fedora would actually tell you this on
227. 10:50the command line to make sure that you
228. 10:53were aware of that and the reason why
229. 10:55they're doing this is because Fedora
230. 10:57used to use yum just like sent to wes
231. 10:59and a lot of administrators out there
232. 11:01may have written scripts that are
233. 11:04actually calling yum and this sim link
234. 11:07actually serves as a compatibility layer
235. 11:09to make sure that the scripts actually
236. 11:13work so you don't actually have to
237. 11:15manage and change all of your scripts to
238. 11:17use DNF manually it'll just simply
239. 11:18redirect now at a later date it's
240. 11:20possible that that redirection will be
241. 11:23removed so if you do have older scripts
242. 11:25that are using yeoman Fedora you
243. 11:26probably should get those changed over
244. 11:28to DNF so I'm going to say Y for yes and
245. 11:32press enter and here this is the very
246. 11:37first package that's ever being
247. 11:39installed here from this repository so I
248. 11:41was just making sure that it's okay
249. 11:43to proceed which is fine and I'll say
250. 11:45why enter again and it went ahead and
251. 11:48installed a stop let's go ahead and run
252. 11:50it and we can see that H top is actually
253. 11:54installed quit out here so now what will
254. 11:59we do if we want to upgrade all of the
255. 12:01packages installed on the system so
256. 12:04let's go over here to cent OS and let's
257. 12:07run yum upgrade if I wasn't running his
258. 12:11route I would need to use sudo but a yum
259. 12:13upgrade should allow us to install all
260. 12:16the package updates for everything on
261. 12:18the distribution so let's check it out
262. 12:22and we see that we have 72 packages that
263. 12:28need to be upgraded one will be newly
264. 12:31installed here so press Y and an enter
265. 12:34see everything downloaded very quickly
266. 12:38and now the packages are installing so
267. 12:43it looks like a hundred and forty five
268. 12:45components here to update
269. 12:54you
270. 13:01and there we go we updated all the
271. 13:03packages on the scent OS system so let's
272. 13:07do the same thing over here on fedora
273. 13:09I'll use DNF upgrade we have quite a few
274. 13:19packages here 294 actually more than
275. 13:22that so let's go ahead and get those
276. 13:24installed so why enter
277. 13:33you
278. 13:46and there we go the installed updates on
279. 13:48fedora of course there's more to the DNF
280. 13:52and yum commands than just that but I
281. 13:55showed you how to search for packages
282. 13:57install packages and upgrade them as
283. 13:59well so that's more than enough to get
284. 14:01you started and then you could check out
285. 14:02the man pages for more but I wanted to
286. 14:05make sure that I gave you guys a look at
287. 14:06package management on distributions that
288. 14:08are not based on Debian or a boon - and
289. 14:11this video has solved that purpose
290. 14:13so stay tuned guys I will have more
291. 14:16videos in this series coming very soon
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