Lecture 42- Personality Type and Health-related Outcomes — Transcript

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1. 0:16Namaskar friends, I'm back again with
2. 0:20the second lecture of the ninth module
3. 0:23of the stress management course. We are
4. 0:26continuing with the module focusing on
5. 0:29individual differences in stress
6. 0:31tolerance and the second lecture in
7. 0:34continuation with the first one talks
8. 0:37about the personality types and the
9. 0:40related health outcomes. So let us begin
10. 0:43with the content.
11. 0:46Here is a quick precap of what we are
12. 0:50going to learn in this particular
13. 0:52section.
14. 0:54We will see how personality type A, B
15. 0:58and C differs with their with respect to
16. 1:02their reaction to stressful situations.
17. 1:06What kind of health outcomes can occur
18. 1:09for people with personality A, with
19. 1:12personality B, and with personality type
20. 1:16C.
21. 1:19Researchers indicate that there are
22. 1:21significant differences in the way
23. 1:24people with different personality types
24. 1:28approach the stressful situation and how
25. 1:31do they react to them. Moreover, the
26. 1:35aligned health outcomes also differ for
27. 1:39different personality types. For
28. 1:42example, people who have personality
29. 1:45type A are find are found to suffer more
30. 1:49from coronary heart diseases under
31. 1:52stress unlike those with personality B
32. 1:57because personality type B is more
33. 2:00relaxed. They are more uh inclined to
34. 2:04work on their own pace. So their risk
35. 2:07for developing coronary heart diseases
36. 2:11in response to stress is much less than
37. 2:15what is there with type A people.
38. 2:19At the same time people with personality
39. 2:22type C are found to suffer from
40. 2:25different kind of cancers.
41. 2:28Why this happens? maybe because of their
42. 2:31tendency to suppress emotions instead of
43. 2:35ventilating them in an appropriate
44. 2:38manner.
45. 2:41Here are some research findings which I
46. 2:44have summarized for you.
47. 2:47One is from Freedman and Rosen man who
48. 2:50studied the link between stress and
49. 2:53personality types in a group of 3,200
50. 2:57middle-aged men. They found that type A
51. 3:01personalities who displayed more
52. 3:04hostility during interviews were more
53. 3:07likely to develop coronary heart disease
54. 3:10compared to type B personalities.
55. 3:14Type A individuals also showed higher
56. 3:17blood pressure and cholesterol level as
57. 3:20compared to their counterparts coming
58. 3:22from personality type B and C.
59. 3:26Similarly, the research conducted by
60. 3:29Dimroski and his team in 1989
61. 3:33revealed a strong connections between
62. 3:36the trait hostility in typea A
63. 3:38personalities and the likelihood of
64. 3:41developing coronary heart diseases.
65. 3:46This is a flowchart which I have
66. 3:48prepared to explain this correlation in
67. 3:52a better man manner.
68. 3:54These are the characteristics of type A
69. 3:57personality. So what do they have? They
70. 4:00have an insecurity
71. 4:02and inadequate self-esteem. They always
72. 4:06want to achieve more and more to boost
73. 4:09their self-esteem
74. 4:11based on different kind of achievements,
75. 4:15different kind of accomplishments.
76. 4:17Moreover, they have a very keen sense of
77. 4:20time urgency. That means they have to do
78. 4:23a lot of things in very less time. So
79. 4:26the deadlines, the pre pressure, the
80. 4:29time constraint is very high. And they
81. 4:32suffer from hyperaggressiveness
82. 4:36means they will respond to the situation
83. 4:41with a basic level of aggression and
84. 4:43hostility.
85. 4:46Moreover, they have free floating
86. 4:48hostility. Now this is something very
87. 4:50important. Free floating hostility means
88. 4:53their trait of hostility is high. So it
89. 4:57can happen in response to any of the
90. 5:00anticedent situation. It is not linked
91. 5:03to a particular situation or a
92. 5:06particular uh stimulus and whenever that
93. 5:09situation occurs or that stimulus
94. 5:11confronts the person only then they are
95. 5:14going to show their hostile behavior.
96. 5:16No, this doesn't happen. What happens?
97. 5:19They have a lot of hostility in them
98. 5:22which is free floating. If anything is
99. 5:24free floating floating, it can go
100. 5:27anywhere like a paper boat flowing
101. 5:31floating on a river. It can go anywhere
102. 5:34with the stream of the river. Similarly,
103. 5:37so much of hostility ingrained in their
104. 5:40personality exhibits itself in multiple
105. 5:44situation. Therefore, it seems as if the
106. 5:47hostility is freely flowing and it can
107. 5:50happen in response to almost any
108. 5:52stimulus big or small. Sometimes very
109. 5:56simple small things can trigger their
110. 5:58hostility. What happens as a result of
111. 6:02all these things? There is a
112. 6:05deterioration in their personality.
113. 6:08Gradually their personality starts
114. 6:11getting negative. If you suffer from
115. 6:14aggression, time constraint, hostility
116. 6:17repeatedly,
117. 6:18obviously the negative emotions will be
118. 6:22dominant in that person as compared to
119. 6:26relaxing or positive emotions. So there
120. 6:29is a gradual declination of personality,
121. 6:32deterioration of personality.
122. 6:35Then what happen in addition to this
123. 6:38general deterioration
124. 6:40they get emotionally exhausted.
125. 6:44We've usually noticed that whenever we
126. 6:47suffer from very intense emotion we
127. 6:51experience very intense emotions of any
128. 6:54kind may it be positive or negative.
129. 6:57At the end of the emotional state we
130. 7:00find ourselves completely exhausted.
131. 7:04they find a lack of energy you know so
132. 7:07this emotional exhaustion is very common
133. 7:10for people with type A personality again
134. 7:14a cause of a stress why I'm highlighting
135. 7:16all these things because they all serve
136. 7:20as potential stressors in the life of
137. 7:24people or they can aggravate the
138. 7:27perception of a stress which is caused
139. 7:30by any other parallel precipitate any
140. 7:33other parallel stressor which is already
141. 7:35there which is operating but its impact
142. 7:38will be thousand times increased because
143. 7:41of their own personality characteristics
144. 7:45because their own predisposition to
145. 7:47behave in a certain manner which is not
146. 7:50very accommodative and then what happens
147. 7:54there are pathofysiological
148. 7:56process
149. 7:58if you are angry all the time if you are
150. 8:00charged with negative emotions all the
151. 8:02time what will happen. That kind of
152. 8:05people are going to have high cortisol
153. 8:07levels and that cortisol is going to
154. 8:11mobilize the stored glucose into the
155. 8:14bloodstream causing a state normally
156. 8:18referred to as hyperglycemia
157. 8:21or diabetes in common terms. And you
158. 8:25know once a person become diabetic he or
159. 8:29she is at a greater risk of developing a
160. 8:33number of diseases right
161. 8:36then what happens because of the
162. 8:39deterioration of personality they want
163. 8:41to you know damage something break
164. 8:45something they want to harm something
165. 8:47and usually when they do not get any
166. 8:50soft target to do so or when the
167. 8:52situation doesn't allow How to express
168. 8:55such intense aggressive emotions? It is
169. 8:59converted or redirected inwards leading
170. 9:03to selfdestruction.
171. 9:05They start engaging in behavior which is
172. 9:08harmful for themselves. It could be
173. 9:10smoking, it could be uh consuming
174. 9:13alcohol, it could be taking very high
175. 9:16amount of caffeine or it could be
176. 9:18anything simply anything.
177. 9:21What happens further?
178. 9:24There is a clear link between
179. 9:26self-destruction behavior, the
180. 9:29pathofysiological
181. 9:30processes and the emotional exhaustion
182. 9:34with coronary heart diseases. That is
183. 9:37why it has been repeatedly pointed out
184. 9:40that type A people are at a very high
185. 9:44risk of developing type uh coronary
186. 9:47heart diseases as compared to their
187. 9:50counterparts who are having type B or
188. 9:54type C personalities.
189. 9:58Now what happens with type B
190. 10:00personality?
191. 10:03uh they are easygoing, they are relaxed,
192. 10:06they are flexible in their approach.
193. 10:08This is very important that they are
194. 10:10flexible, they are ready to accommodate
195. 10:13changes in their uh way of working,
196. 10:16changes in what they have planned. So
197. 10:19they are ready to accommodate, flexible
198. 10:21enough and they are in contrast more
199. 10:26driven and ambitious. uh it is in
200. 10:29contrast with type A personality which
201. 10:31is highly ambitious and all the time
202. 10:33driven by the goal directed behavior
203. 10:36that they have to do something they have
204. 10:38to do something that to in less and less
205. 10:40of time. Uh type B per individuals are
206. 10:45very cool. They are very relaxed. They
207. 10:47are very flexible but at the same time
208. 10:50they suffer from strong tendency of
209. 10:53procrastination. Again the term which
210. 10:56you might have heard several times
211. 10:58before as well. So procrastination means
212. 11:02a tendency where I realize the
213. 11:06importance of a task. I am genuinely
214. 11:09interested to do the task. I'm
215. 11:12interested in that task. Somehow the
216. 11:14task is very important to me. It can
217. 11:17bring me thousands of positive outcomes.
218. 11:20But I somehow keep delaying working for
219. 11:25that particular task. It happens with us
220. 11:28all. We know that we have to submit an
221. 11:31assignment timely. The deadline is given
222. 11:34then the deadline is approaching but we
223. 11:37keep lingering the uh assignment more
224. 11:41and more and more and ultimately what
225. 11:43happens? we are left with only a day or
226. 11:46uh simply a few hours to complete that
227. 11:50important assignment. Right? So this is
228. 11:53a big risk and this particular tendency
229. 11:57of type B people frequently put them in
230. 12:00highly stressful situations. If I'm left
231. 12:04with no time or very little time to
232. 12:06complete an important assignment, I am
233. 12:09definitely going to experience high
234. 12:11level of a stress and then I may not be
235. 12:14able to understand how to manage it. So
236. 12:17time management uh skill is very
237. 12:20important for type B people and they
238. 12:22have very poor time management because
239. 12:24they suffer from procrastination.
240. 12:27Then type C personality type is similar
241. 12:30to type A personality in some respect.
242. 12:33For example, they are also ambitious.
243. 12:35They are also goal- directed. But they
244. 12:38also differ significantly from people
245. 12:40having type A personality. Why? Because
246. 12:43they do not compromise the quality of
247. 12:47their social relationships in order to
248. 12:50attain those goals. So somehow uh this
249. 12:55is a basic difference and we also know
250. 12:57that uh they suffer from
251. 13:01a tendency of helplessness. So they may
252. 13:05feel that okay I have this goal but I
253. 13:08don't know whether I will be able to do
254. 13:10it successfully or not because there are
255. 13:12several factors several external factors
256. 13:16which decides the success of this
257. 13:18particular thing. So what happens that
258. 13:21research findings let us know that there
259. 13:25is a strong connection between
260. 13:27personality
261. 13:28type C and a risk of developing cancer.
262. 13:33They do not show depression by and large
263. 13:38but the risk of developing cancer is
264. 13:40very high. And why is uh this tendency
265. 13:44there? Because they try to repress their
266. 13:48feelings. try to suppress their feeling.
267. 13:51Means I value relationships a lot. So I
268. 13:56will hesitate telling other people that
269. 13:58I'm not satisfied with their behavior. I
270. 14:01will not be able to tell others that
271. 14:04their behavior keeps hurting me all the
272. 14:07time because I fear I'm going to lose my
273. 14:11relationships or I'm going to destroy
274. 14:13the quality of relationships I have if I
275. 14:18tell my real emotions towards those
276. 14:21people or the actions performed by them.
277. 14:24So I try to keep my emotions with me
278. 14:27only. I try not to express them. I want
279. 14:31to sub suppress them or repress them
280. 14:34strongly which can put type C people at
281. 14:37an increased risk of cancer. So these
282. 14:41are some more traits that we frequently
283. 14:43find introversion which prefers a low
284. 14:47stimulating setting. They have limited
285. 14:50social energy and if they are put into a
286. 14:52situation where they are asked to
287. 14:54interact a lot with so many people they
288. 14:57may find it very stressful. So they
289. 15:00prefer uh being with the small groups or
290. 15:03maybe alone. So their context of stress
291. 15:06is one in which they need to interact
292. 15:09with many people simultaneously and that
293. 15:13too for a long period of time. Shyness
294. 15:16is another thing which can put somebody
295. 15:20uh in a stressful situation because it
296. 15:23encompasses a fear of negative social
297. 15:27judgment. And usually evaluation or
298. 15:30judgment is something that cannot be
299. 15:32avoided. That cannot be avoided in any
300. 15:36circumstance. If you do anything even
301. 15:39strangers will start judging you for
302. 15:41your actions, for your looks, for your
303. 15:43behaviors. And if I fear a lot from
304. 15:46negative social judgment, I am very
305. 15:49sensitive towards rejections. I'm going
306. 15:52to suffer from high level of stress
307. 15:56unavoidantly.
308. 15:58Social anxiety disorder is also a thing
309. 16:01which can put people under stress
310. 16:04because it is frequently accompanied by
311. 16:07mental stress, overwhelming fear of
312. 16:10humiliation in front of others. Uh and
313. 16:14fear and anxiety may trigger avoidance
314. 16:18reaction in people having sad disorders.
315. 16:24This was all for this segment. Let us
316. 16:28have a quick recap. We have learned till
317. 16:31now about the connections between a
318. 16:34specific personality type and the health
319. 16:38related outcomes for them. And we have
320. 16:42found that researchers conclude there is
321. 16:45a higher risk of developing coronary
322. 16:48heart diseases in type A persons
323. 16:52whereas type C personalities
324. 16:55suffer from developing cancers more than
325. 17:00their counterparts.
326. 17:02Type B personality are not specifically
327. 17:07uh they are not having a specific
328. 17:09tendencies to develop a particular
329. 17:11disorder but they get into stress
330. 17:15because of their tendency of
331. 17:17procrastination and poor time
332. 17:20management.
333. 17:21That's all.
334. 17:23Hope you have enjoyed the lecture and as
335. 17:26always this is the list of references
336. 17:30that you can go through for further
337. 17:32reading. The list continues
338. 17:37some more references for you whichever
339. 17:41you find suitable and easily available
340. 17:44to you. Thank you very much for your
341. 17:47kind attention.