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Lecture 01: Financial Asset. [Investment Accounting] — Transcript

by Sir Win - Accounting Lectures · 2,463 words · 195 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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  1. 0:01Okay na So welcome to Sir Win's Accounting Lectures Ang accounting
  2. 0:05discussion online na classroom approach Hindi review kundi first view Kaya
  3. 0:09asahan na merong konting jokes kwento at kung ano-ano pang segway na nangyayari
  4. 0:14sa isang normal na klase So today ang pag-uusapan natin ay patungkol sa
  5. 0:19financial asset Pero bago yon pag-usapan muna natin ang financial instrument Ung
  6. 0:25kanyang pinanggalingan Ang sabi dito financial instrument is any contract
  7. 0:31that gives rise to both financial asset of one entity and a financial liability
  8. 0:37or equity instrument of another entity Sa madaling salita merong kontrata sa
  9. 0:44financial instrument kung saan yung isang entity ay nagkakaroon ng financial
  10. 0:49asset at doun sa kabila naman ay financial liability or equity instrument
  11. 0:56Okay Kailangan natin pag-usapan silang lahat para mas ma-appreciate natin 'yung
  12. 1:02investment na financial asset Okay Doon muna tayo sa characteristics ng
  13. 1:08financial instrument Ang sabi nga dito there must be a contract Meaning merong
  14. 1:14nag-usap Okay At ang sabi pa there are at least two parties to the contract
  15. 1:21Natural wala namang kontrata na isa lang palaging at least 'to kasi may mag-uusap
  16. 1:26eh Pero pwede rin namang mas madami dahil ang sabi at least lang naman At
  17. 1:32yung pangatlo yung nabanggit na nga kanina the contract shall give rise to a
  18. 1:37financial asset of one party and a financial liability or equity instrument
  19. 1:43of another party Okay So again ine-emphasize talaga yung salitang
  20. 1:48kontrata kasi may mga bagay na pinapasok tayo na nagke-create ng asset
  21. 1:53liabilities okay na wala namang kontrata Okay mamaya mas-appreciate natin Okay
  22. 2:00simulan natin ngayon yung kasunod na discussion dito sa financial asset Ang
  23. 2:05sabi dito financial asset is any asset that is cash Kasi nga ang cash ang
  24. 2:11pinakameasure or medium of exchange Okay Kaya nga cash eh 'di ba Financial cash
  25. 2:17iyan Okay Next A contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset
  26. 2:24from another entity Okay Meaning mayro'n kang matatanggap sa other party na
  27. 2:30eventually ay magiging cash din naman Example mayroon kang deposito sa bangko
  28. 2:36So malamang ikaw at 'yung bangko merong kontrata The fact na nawi-withdraw mo
  29. 2:41siya na pera okay therefore you have the contractual right to receive cash Pero
  30. 2:47kung sakaling ang deposito mo ay ginto or ibang bagay okay Hindi siya
  31. 2:52considered as a financial asset kung kahit galing pa yan sa bangko dahil ang
  32. 2:57natanggap mo ay hindi naman naging cash at ang sabi pa dito kung sakali man daw
  33. 3:03na hindi pa siya cash ngayon later on magiging cash nga din naman kasi you
  34. 3:08have the contract to right other than the bank pwede rin yung accounts
  35. 3:12receivable notes receivable loans receivable bonds
  36. 3:17receivable at iba pang receivable na kung saan ang nakukuha mo talaga ay pera
  37. 3:22as you collect Okay they are also financial asset Letter C a contractual
  38. 3:29right to exchange financial instrument with another entity under conditions
  39. 3:35that are potentially favorable Actually iyung magic word diyan okay Meron daw
  40. 3:40exchange na mangyayari pero dahil tayo yung acid side the exchange is favorable
  41. 3:47on our side Potentially favorable Example kunyari mayro'n kang option
  42. 3:55shares at a lower than the market price is that favorable on your side Yes Is
  43. 4:01that a financial asset to you Yes because you have a contract to them na
  44. 4:06basically yung kontrata ninyo since that is a share yung bibilhin mo meron kang
  45. 4:10share option that is favorable at ang other side ay equity instrument Kaya
  46. 4:15pasok yung mga ganong scenario okay Sa financial asset And lastly okay an
  47. 4:22equity instrument of another entity Kasi nga kung financial asset dito malamang
  48. 4:27dapat doun sa sa other side maalin doun sa dalawa na basically itong letter D
  49. 4:33Okay Ang pinang dahilan kung bakit yung financial asset ay napasama sa topic na
  50. 4:39investment hindi dahil doun sa cash Okay Maaaring yung iba yung ibang side kasi
  51. 4:44meron kang receivable ba to to receive let's say bonds or debt securities naman
  52. 4:49Okay So yun and favorable yun sa side mo dahil makakatanggap pa din naman ng
  53. 4:54interests Ang puntong okay yun yung characteristics or ito yung definition
  54. 4:59ng financial asset Okay na as we do accounting for investment mas makikita
  55. 5:04pa natin siya Okay Ngayon ano yung mga asset na hindi pasok sa financial asset
  56. 5:11Okay the first one is that's what we call intangible assets Yung mga hindi mo
  57. 5:15nakikita katulad ng copyright patent Okay Mayon din tayong physical asset
  58. 5:21katulad ng building machineries Basically parehas lang 'yung paliwanag
  59. 5:25doun sa dalawa Kahit ang machineries or 'yung intangible asset mo ay ginagamit
  60. 5:30mo sa negosyo sigurado ka pa na sila ay nagpo-provide directly ng cash sa'yo or
  61. 5:36financial asset na ganun din ang characteristics Maaaring hindi kaya nga
  62. 5:42hindi sila considered na financial asset Ganun din yung least asset ' ba pag
  63. 5:48meron kang asset pinaupahan mo sigurado ka ba na cash kaagad yung ibabayad nila
  64. 5:53' ba Maaaring ibang bagay Okay So ibig sabihin the fact na papaupahan mo siya
  65. 5:58okay Walang kasiguruhan na ang matatanggap mo talaga ay financial acid
  66. 6:03Okay And also yung prepaid expenses let's say mga supplies ' ba Kahit nga
  67. 6:08inventories mo eh Bakit sigurado ka ba na 'yung inventory mo pag nabenta mo
  68. 6:12cash na kaagad ' Ba maaaring hindi maaaring gamitin mo okay o withdrawhin
  69. 6:18or basta ibang bagay ang gamitin hindi siya directly related dito O ganun din
  70. 6:23yung mga prepaid expenses let's say supplies ' ba usually ginagamit mong
  71. 6:26consumption yung parang benefit na nakukuha mo doun sa mga asset na iyon So
  72. 6:32again and again what is a financial asset Kung siya man basta ay cash or
  73. 6:36eventually katulad ng mga receivables magiging cash din or okay equity
  74. 6:42instrument nung other side at yung transaction ay favorable sa side mo sabi
  75. 6:47naman doun sa letter C Okay So so much for that Now let's move on with
  76. 6:52financial liability Ang sabi dito "I liability that is a contractual
  77. 6:59obligation." By the way hina-highlight talaga yung
  78. 7:03term na contractual obligation kasi basically dalawa ang dahilan kung bakit
  79. 7:08nagkakaroon ng liability The first one is because of contract Contractual na
  80. 7:13nga contractual or legal And yung pangalawa constructive Yung tipong wala
  81. 7:18ka naman talagang obligasyon Okay Pero inubobliga mo yung sarili mo at umasa
  82. 7:23sila Meaning nag-construct ka ng obligation mo Mamaya magbibigay tayo ng
  83. 7:28example Basta ang pinupun lang dito 'yung financial liability Okay Dapat
  84. 7:34nag-arise din siya sa contract Kasi nga kanina pa binabanggit ang financial
  85. 7:39instrument ay nanggaling sa contract and it encompasses all of this three Okay
  86. 7:45Ngayon ano ang characteristics ng financial liability Ang sabi dito to
  87. 7:49deliver cash or other financial asset to another entity So basically parang siya
  88. 7:55yung kapaliktaran nung letter B dito kung saan magbabayad ng cash okay or
  89. 8:00other financial asset ang ibibigay mo katulad ng accounts payable notes
  90. 8:06payable mortgage payable loans payable bonds payable ' ba lahat sila babayaran
  91. 8:12mo ng cash eventually okay that's why it is included sa financial liability okay
  92. 8:17and to exchange financial instrument with another entity under conditions
  93. 8:24that are potentially unfavorable Kasi nga asset kung favorable kung
  94. 8:30liability naman natural unfavorable Okay Ngayon ano yung mga example ng mga
  95. 8:36liability na hindi pasok sa financial liability Katulad let's say ng differed
  96. 8:41liability or unarned income Okay ' Ba ang kailangan mong ibigay doun services
  97. 8:46So basically wala siya doun sa letter A Okay Hindi daw siya magiging cash eh
  98. 8:50Hindi naman kasang ibabayad mo Okay Pwede ring income tax payable O nandito
  99. 8:55na po tayo doun sa sinasabing contract Okay ' ba ang income tax or iba pang mga
  100. 9:01taxes usually in-impose yan ng gobyerno Nag-usap ba kayo ng gobyerno doon ' ba
  101. 9:07Hindi Inimpose niya yun That's why even though you are going to pay that cash on
  102. 9:14cash babayaran mo ng cash hindi siya considered as a financial liability kasi
  103. 9:19nga is in there is no contractual obligation Legal yung source Okay Ang
  104. 9:26ibang example pa nga yun ang constructive yung crene mo mismo katulad
  105. 9:30halimbawa nag-offer ka ng parang promo okay na kung sinong makakuha ng let's
  106. 9:36say tansan nung coke ' ba na binebenta mo ay bibigyan mo ng pera parang ganon
  107. 9:42kunwari may reward yung mga promo kumbaga hindi rin sa hindi rin sila
  108. 9:47considered as financial liability kasi yung obligation ay nag-arise because of
  109. 9:53constructive obligation Wala ka naman talagang obligasyon na magbigay ng
  110. 9:58ganong klase ng promo Pero dahil gusto mong magkaroon ng sales ' ba tumaas ang
  111. 10:03revenue mo kume-create ka ng mga gimmick Okay At dahil doon nagkakaroon ka ng
  112. 10:07liability Pero then hindi siya pasok don sa financial liability kahit cash pa ang
  113. 10:13ibabayad mo kasi nga walang contractual obligation It is constructive Okay
  114. 10:21Ngayon pumunta tayo doun sa pangatlong bahagi na basically simple lang naman
  115. 10:25siya Yung tinatawag na equity instrument It is any contract that evidences a
  116. 10:31residual interest in the asset of an entity after deducting all of its
  117. 10:37liability Actually ang equity instrument dito pumapasok yung alam na natin na
  118. 10:43accounting equation that asset is equal to liabilities plus equity Nga lang okay
  119. 10:49dahil equity yung ating highlight equity actually is asset minus liability is
  120. 10:55equal to equity Kaya nga siya yung tinatawag na residual interest na
  121. 11:01basically ang component nito ay either ordinary share or preference share They
  122. 11:07are equity instrument Okay Pero pwede ring isama iyung option and warrants na
  123. 11:14basically paglalim natin sa accounting mas lalo siyang mauunawaan Basta isipin
  124. 11:18niyo na lang basta yung mga basta part ng equity therefore equity instrument
  125. 11:23siya Kung meron mang exemption yung redeem preference share Ibig sabihin
  126. 11:29kung merong mandatory date na kailangan mong bilhin or magma-mature yung
  127. 11:34preference share Pero hindi siya considered na equity instrument Bakit Eh
  128. 11:41kasi ag equity residual interest 'yan Wala namang maturity date ang mga equity
  129. 11:48instruments katulad ng ordinary and preference Ay kung yung redeem
  130. 11:52preference share mo may mandatory redemption date therefore naviolate niya
  131. 11:56na parang iba na siya dun sa characteristics ng equity Substance
  132. 11:59overform Therefore iyung redeem preference hindi man siya ma-considered
  133. 12:05as equity instrument pwede naman siya doon sa financial liability Bakit Kasi
  134. 12:10at the end yung redeem preference share babayaran mo naman ng casho 'di ba Yun
  135. 12:15pa din naman yun And that is a contractual obligation kasi magkausap
  136. 12:19kayo So again redeem preference share na merong talagang mandatory redemption
  137. 12:24date matic siya Okay financial instrument pa rin kasi nga under siya
  138. 12:29nitong mga to pero hindi siya equity instrument but rather siya ay financial
  139. 12:34liability Okay Actually hindi naman talaga totally kasali sa topic na
  140. 12:40investment yung discussion patungkol dito sa sa financial instrument Okay
  141. 12:44Kailangan lang nating mas unawain para makita natin okay bakit ang pangalan
  142. 12:51nung topic sa investment ang simula ay financial asset Ano ba 'yang financial
  143. 12:56asset na 'yan Na I believe kahit papaano nakapagbigay tayo ng kaunting
  144. 13:02introduction Ano ba 'yung financial asset na nga na ito nga yung mga yon na
  145. 13:07din pa nga natin ng discussion ng liability at nung equity side Kung bakit
  146. 13:12magiging asset kasi nga doun sa other side dapat pasok dito sa dalawang to na
  147. 13:16kung hindi din papasok sa dalawang to automatically hindi rin siya magiging
  148. 13:21financial asset kasi nga relate sila Okay Unless it is cash or other contract
  149. 13:27right 'di ba Yun na nga 'yung other side Ngayon diretso na po tayo Okay How do we
  150. 13:32classify financial assets Ayan In relation to investment basically merong
  151. 13:38tatlo okay na magkakaroon ng separate discussion Okay ito yung abangan po
  152. 13:44natin Ang una yung at fair value through profit or loss Yung pangalawa at fair
  153. 13:50value through other comprehensive income At yung pangatlo is yung amortized cost
  154. 13:56na basically yung classification is yung measurement How do we measure Actually
  155. 14:03subsequently Okay Ang ibig kong sabihin yung unang
  156. 14:07classification we measure that at fair value Yung pangalawa also at fair value
  157. 14:13Yung pangatlo measure that at amortized cost Measurement ang naging basihan nung
  158. 14:19kanilang classification Subsequently Paliwanag na din po natin How do we
  159. 14:23measure financial assets initially Basically at fair value plus transaction
  160. 14:30cost Kasi nga transaction cost is directly related okay Or I mean directly
  161. 14:35attributable doun sa transaction Okay But then subsequently maaaring maiba
  162. 14:41yung kanilang parang kanya-kanyang valuation Yung isa amortized cost yung
  163. 14:45dalawa at fear value pero merong pagkakaiba ng kaunti Okay Yung treatment
  164. 14:51ng kanilang gain or loss or changes doun sa fair value Kasi yung isa it-treat
  165. 14:57natin siya or ire-recognize natin through profit or loss Meaning part ng
  166. 15:03income statement While yung other side yung number two okay Ang measurement ng
  167. 15:08gain or loss yung unrealized non ay pupunta sa other comprehensive income
  168. 15:14naman Do sila nagkaiba na basically again may separate lecture ipapaliwanag
  169. 15:20lahat ng 'yan Okay Ngayon we just try to classify Now how do the company decide
  170. 15:28what kind of classification of financial asset there is Okay Ang sagot depende sa
  171. 15:34business model Okay Hindi po yan yung tipong basta gusto ko ito Hindi ganon
  172. 15:39Kailangan titignan nila ano ba 'yung model nila Ang ibig sabihin ay paano ba
  173. 15:44yung kanilang parang purpose Okay Ano reason why they are holding that
  174. 15:50investment that financial asset Okay Ang ibig kong sabihin may tatlo kasing
  175. 15:55business model If the business model is to hold investment in order to realize
  176. 16:01fair value changes peppwede siya at fair value kasi nga fair value changes daw
  177. 16:07Okay So depende So kung sakaling walang fair value malamang hindi mo pupwedeng
  178. 16:12magamit yan Or kung sakali mang may fair value pero hindi yun yung iyong model
  179. 16:16Hindi yun yung dahilan mo Hindi mo pwedeng gamitin ong mga tol Malamang
  180. 16:19dito ka sa pangatlo at amortiz ka kung ngayon ay debt securities Okay We have
  181. 16:24to hold investment in order to collect contractual cash flow Okay Yung isa
  182. 16:30changes doun sa fair value Yung isa naman is to collect contractual cash
  183. 16:35flow Ito naka-focus sa fair value Itong isa naman ay sa cash flow Malamang yan
  184. 16:40po ay ator na schools ' ba Kasi nga ano may contractual cash flow At yung
  185. 16:45pangatlo to hold investment in order to collect contractual cash flow and sell
  186. 16:51the investment So dalawa Okay Meron kang intention to collect cash flow at saka
  187. 16:56ibenta rin iyung investment So basically diyan pumapasok iyung pangalawa yyung
  188. 17:00add fair value through other comprehensive income kasi nga may
  189. 17:03intention ka din to sell Okay At kung sakaling de investment din nga yun So
  190. 17:08again hindi po natin liliwanagin dito masyado kung ano itong business model na
  191. 17:13to in relation to that parang patikim lang kasi nga magkakaroon ng separate
  192. 17:18discussion doon Ang ginagawa lang natin sa lecture na ito ipinapaliwanag natin
  193. 17:23what is a financial instrument financial asset liability
  194. 17:29At kung sakaling gusto m matutunan mismong investment sa kasunod na video
  195. 17:33na nirito maari mong mapanood Soun lamang at maraming salamat am

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