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Learn English with a Book | The Wizard of Oz | Deep Work Session | Part 1 — Transcript

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0:00Reading stories is the best way to
0:02improve your English.
0:04That is what we are doing today.
0:08We're starting a very famous book
0:10together.
0:11The book is called The Wizard of Oz.
0:15My name is Eric.
0:18I have been an English teacher for many
0:20years.
0:22Today, I will read this book to you and
0:25I will explain it while we read.
0:28When I read, I want you to shadow me.
0:32This means that you will repeat the
0:34words after I say them to practice your
0:37pronunciation.
0:39I will also explain new words as we go.
0:45Let me know in the comments below where
0:47you're from.
0:48Let's get started.
0:52Chapter 1
0:54The Cyclone
0:56So, first
0:58what's a cyclone before we begin?
1:01What's a cyclone? A cyclone
1:04is a tornado.
1:09Tornado
1:12A cyclone is a spinning storm. A
1:16spinning storm, something
1:18like
1:20this.
1:22Very dangerous. Very dangerous. The
1:24cyclone.
1:27Dorothy lived in the midst of the great
1:30Kansas prairies with Uncle Henry, who
1:32was a farmer, and Aunt Em, who was the
1:35farmer's wife.
1:39So, Dorothy is our main character.
1:42Notice that I say Dorothy and not
1:44Dorothy. This is one syllable, Dorothy.
1:48Two syllables.
1:50And she lives in the prairies.
1:54Prairies, where are the prairies?
1:56The prairies are an area
1:59of the west or the middle of America and
2:04Canada, a very flat land, very, very
2:08flat land, and they have tornadoes in
2:11the prairies. They have cyclones in the
2:14prairies.
2:16She lives with her uncle and her aunt.
2:19M M is usually short for Emily.
2:24Their house was small.
2:26For the lumber to build it had to be
2:27carried by wagon many miles.
2:32There's a word, lumber.
2:34Lumber is wood.
2:39Wood.
2:42There's something I want you to notice
2:44here.
2:45Their house was small for
2:49the lumber to build it had to be carried
2:51by wagon many miles.
2:53For
2:56The word for has many different
2:57meanings.
2:59And this meaning is
3:01because.
3:03Because in this context for means
3:07because.
3:14For. So, why is their house small?
3:18Because the wood to construct it
3:22must be carried by wagon many miles.
3:26What's a wagon?
3:28This is not a car. This is not a car. A
3:31wagon
3:32is a very simple cart
3:35which is pulled
3:37by horses or some other animal.
3:41So, this is
3:43an older story. So, this is happening a
3:46long time ago here.
3:48So, that's a wagon, not a car. There
3:50were four walls, a floor, and a roof,
3:53which made one room.
3:55>> [clears throat]
3:56>> So, there's a semicolon here. Semicolon.
4:00A semicolon is a good place for us to
4:02divide a sentence
4:05so that we can understand the first part
4:08and the second part. So, the first part,
4:11there were four walls, a floor, and a
4:12roof,
4:14which made one room.
4:16>> [clears throat]
4:18>> That's interesting. Made one room.
4:21This is the meaning of make, like
4:26two
4:27and two
4:30make
4:32four.
4:34Two and two make four. So, in that case,
4:37make means equals.
4:41So, I can make dinner.
4:43That's something else. If I make food,
4:45that's something else. This is four
4:47walls, a floor, a roof, make one room.
4:52And this room contained a rusty-looking
4:54stove,
4:56a cupboard for the dishes, a table,
4:58three or four chairs, and the beds.
5:02So, contained?
5:05It has
5:07a rusty-looking cooking stove.
5:10Rusty-looking cooking stove.
5:12The stove is the place where you can
5:14heat things to cook, of course.
5:17Cooking stove, I guess there's heating
5:19stoves as well. Rusty-looking,
5:23notice that rusty-looking is like a
5:26compound adjective. It's two pieces.
5:29It looks rusty. It looks rusty.
5:32A cupboard for the dishes, a table,
5:35three or four chairs, and the beds.
5:37Let's talk about pronunciation for a
5:39second.
5:41One word which is very commonly
5:44mispronounced
5:45in English is cupboard.
5:48Cupboard.
5:50Notice that I'm not saying cup board.
5:54It's cupboard. Cupboard.
5:58Cupboard.
6:03So, it sounds like
6:07ca
6:08bird.
6:11Cupboard.
6:15Very common word, so that's important.
6:18Uncle Henry and Aunt Em had a big bed in
6:21one corner, and Dorothy a little bed in
6:24another corner.
6:26There was no garret at all and no cellar
6:29except a small hole dug in the ground
6:31called a cyclone cellar where the family
6:34could go in case of those great
6:37whirlwinds arose
6:38mighty enough to crush any building in
6:41its path.
6:43So, we have one word that's very old
6:46that we don't really need to remember.
6:49Garret.
6:50Garret. What is a garret?
6:57It's a small, cozy room at the top of a
7:01house.
7:03So, today we might say something like
7:06attic.
7:08Attic. That's a
7:10space at the top of a house.
7:13So, this word is older. Garret today is
7:17a common name.
7:18It's a a man's name, Garret. But, in
7:22this case, they're talking about a room.
7:24So, there was no garret. The house is
7:26very small. The point of the description
7:29is the house is very small.
7:33There was no garret at all and no
7:36cellar.
7:37Cellar. What's a cellar?
7:40A small A cellar is a space
7:44under the ground
7:46which is
7:47cold or cool where you can keep things.
7:51It's for storage.
7:53So,
7:55it's not exactly a basement, but it's
7:57very similar to a basement. So, there's
7:59no seller except
8:02a small hole
8:04dug in the ground called a cyclone
8:06cellar
8:08where the family could go in case one of
8:11those great whirlwinds arose.
8:14So, in this case,
8:16what we mean by in case is simply if.
8:20If one of those great whirlwinds, so
8:23here great simply means big.
8:26It does not mean good. It does not mean
8:29good.
8:31Cuz a tornado is not good.
8:34A tornado is bad.
8:38One of those great whirlwinds arose. So,
8:42whirl
8:43wind.
8:45Whirling can mean spinning or turning.
8:49Whirl, whirl. So, a whirlwind
8:53is another word for a storm, especially
8:57a spinning storm. So, it's something
9:00like
9:01tornado again.
9:03>> [clears throat]
9:04>> Something like that.
9:08Mighty enough
9:10>> [snorts]
9:10>> to crush any building in its path.
9:14Mighty
9:16is simply strong.
9:19Mighty
9:20strong.
9:25It
9:26hm
9:28Every time you see it or this or that,
9:31always think twice.
9:33What is it?
9:35It here is the cellar.
9:37It was reached by a trapdoor in the
9:40middle of the floor
9:42from which a ladder led down into the
9:45small, dark hole.
9:48So, a trapdoor is simply a door in the
9:52floor. So, if this is
9:54the house like this, the trapdoor just
9:56opens underneath into the cellar space.
10:00So, there's the ground and this is
10:02underground. There's the cellar.
10:04Trapdoor opens, you can go down
10:07underneath the house.
10:12When Dorothy stood in the doorway and
10:14looked around, she could see nothing but
10:16the great, gray prairie on every side.
10:22So, nothing but
10:24but here means except.
10:27This is very common in writing.
10:31Except.
10:34When Dorothy stood in the doorway and
10:36looked around, she could see nothing
10:39except the great, gray prairie on every
10:42side.
10:43Great, again, means big.
10:47Very common in books, especially older
10:50books, to say great when you mean big.
10:54The prairies are also beautiful and
10:57wonderful, but here it probably just
11:00means that they're big. And again, the
11:03prairies are a large, flat area of
11:07grassland.
11:10Not a tree nor a house broke the broad
11:14sweep of flat country that reached the
11:17edge of the sky in all directions.
11:20Not a tree nor a house.
11:23Notice the structure. Not a tree nor a
11:26house.
11:29You're probably thinking of neither nor
11:32or neither, both pronunciations are
11:34fine, neither or neither, neither nor or
11:38either or.
11:41It's important to notice that this is a
11:44literary style, the style of a book.
11:48Usually when we speak, we don't say nor.
11:52But it's here in writing, very, very
11:55commonly in writing.
11:59So, the broad sweep of flat country,
12:02that's just saying
12:04the large area of flat country
12:08that reached the edge of the sky in all
12:11directions, all the way to the horizon.
12:15There's the horizon with the sun.
12:18So, the prairie goes all the way in
12:20every direction. It is just flat.
12:24It is just flat. You can watch your dog
12:27run away for 4 days because there is
12:30nothing in the way. You can see for
12:33miles and miles and miles.
12:36The sun had baked the plowed land into a
12:40gray mass
12:41with little cracks running through it.
12:45The sun had baked the plowed land,
12:48plowed land.
12:52When a farmer wants to farm the land
12:56they need to break the soil.
12:59They need to break the earth open.
13:03And so, they will plow the land.
13:07They will plow the land. So, here plowed
13:10is an adjective.
13:13So, just like you can say something is
13:15exciting
13:17or that someone is excited
13:20you can say that the ground is plowed.
13:24It has been plowed, that is,
13:27broken up
13:29for farming. I'll put this here.
13:33plough
13:34Another spelling
13:36is plow.
13:38Pronunciation is the same. One is
13:40American.
13:42One is British.
13:45Canadians
13:47use both.
13:49A plow is a machine for plowing, and a
13:54farmer will
13:55plow.
13:59So, the ground is very dry. The sun had
14:02baked the plowed land into a gray mass.
14:06So, here, if we say mass like this,
14:10we're not speaking about
14:13a measurable mass of something. We're
14:16talking about just
14:20a lump or a
14:25undescribed
14:27thing. If we say a mass, it's just it's
14:30just
14:31stuff. It's just stuff. The point is,
14:34you can't really see what it is. It's
14:36just a gray mass. There's there's
14:38nothing really there.
14:40This sounds
14:42not very pretty. It sounds not very
14:44pretty with little cracks running
14:45through it. So, the soil, the ground,
14:48which the farmer broke up to plant,
14:52is dry,
14:54baked by the sun.
14:58Even the grass was not green, for the
15:01sun had burned the tops of the long
15:03blades until they were the same gray
15:06color to be seen everywhere.
15:10So, even the grass, even here is for
15:13emphasis. Emphasis for stress. For
15:17stress. It's like we're putting a little
15:18star next to something. Even the grass
15:22was not green. For, again, for can mean
15:26because.
15:30We don't have that meaning in spoken
15:33English,
15:34but we do when we write.
15:37For means because here. Because the sun
15:41had burned the tops of the long blades.
15:44>> [snorts]
15:44>> A blade of grass is simply one piece
15:48of grass. So, just like a a sword or a
15:51knife has a blade, so does grass. Grass
15:55has blades. If we zoom in on the grass,
15:59this is what we would see.
16:02Those are blades. So, the sun has burned
16:05the grass
16:07until it's gray.
16:10The same gray color to be seen
16:12everywhere. To be seen everywhere simply
16:15means which you can see everywhere.
16:19That's all that we mean.
16:22But, the sun blistered the paint and the
16:25rains washed it away, and now the house
16:27was as dull and gray as everything else.
16:32One word here, blistered.
16:35Blistered. So, if you do a lot of work
16:38with your hands
16:40or if you run in your shoes, you might
16:45have blisters on your hands or blisters
16:47on your feet. So,
16:49a little bubble in the skin.
16:53And it's very painful when you have a
16:55blister. But, if you think about paint
16:59when it gets hot, it could bubble.
17:03It could bubble, and then you have what
17:05we call blisters there. The sun
17:07blistered the paint and the rains washed
17:10it away. So, the sun
17:12cracked the paint and the rain could
17:14wash it off. So, the house is not very
17:17beautiful. So,
17:19this
17:21paragraph
17:23is really telling us that everything
17:26is gray
17:27and dull. Dull is not
17:31bright.
17:32Dull.
17:35Not bright.
17:40Also, not
17:42sharp.
17:44With a pen, for example.
17:47This end is sharp.
17:49This end is dull. This
17:52is not painful, but if I did that, it
17:54would be painful. So, dull is the
17:57opposite of sharp, and sometimes it's
17:59the opposite of bright, as well.
18:04When Aunt Em came there to live, she was
18:07a young, pretty wife.
18:10The sun and wind had changed her, too.
18:14So, here, I want to talk about
18:16pronunciation for a second.
18:19So,
18:20with the word pretty,
18:22pretty,
18:25notice that I'm not saying pretty,
18:28pretty,
18:29with a t
18:30t sound.
18:32So, if I write, for example, pretty,
18:37and let's use mighty.
18:43And
18:44let's also use a word which you know,
18:48water.
18:50Water.
18:53You can hear how in an American accent,
18:57the sound of the t
19:00is closer to a d.
19:04Pretty.
19:06Mighty.
19:08Water.
19:12In a British accent,
19:14the T is stronger.
19:17Pretty.
19:18Mighty.
19:20Water.
19:23So,
19:25Americans and Canadians
19:28will always do this.
19:30Always.
19:32And what can we say about
19:36a rule? Is there a rule?
19:40The simple way to say it
19:43is that if you have a vowel,
19:45like A, E, I, O, or U,
19:49and then you have T,
19:51and then you have another vowel,
19:53the T becomes D.
19:57The T becomes D. So, you have E and Y.
20:02Double T's means one T.
20:05Pretty.
20:06Here, the G and the H are silent.
20:10They're silent, so it's just mighty,
20:12which means we have I T Y. So, it
20:14becomes a D. Mighty.
20:17Water.
20:18A T E.
20:20So,
20:21water.
20:22Water.
20:24I want you
20:26to listen for this
20:28when I'm reading
20:30because this happens everywhere.
20:33And if you want to sound like an
20:35American,
20:36you must do this.
20:41The sun and wind had changed her, too.
20:44They had taken the sparkle from her eyes
20:47and left them a sober gray.
20:49So, there's a semicolon. Again,
20:51semicolons like that. So, that's a good
20:54place for us to break the sentence.
20:57So, they, the sun and the wind, had
21:00taken the sparkle from her eyes.
21:03Sparkle. Sparkle is what light does,
21:07like the stars.
21:12Stars sparkle.
21:15If there's some waves in the water
21:20and the moon
21:22is lighting the water,
21:24then there's a sparkle, too.
21:27There's a sparkle, too.
21:28So, there's a sparkle in someone's eyes,
21:31it means that they're very
21:33happy.
21:36But,
21:37the sun and wind have made her unhappy.
21:42They've taken the sparkle from her eyes
21:44and left them, that is her eyes, a sober
21:47gray.
21:49Sober.
21:52So, sober
21:54has two meanings.
21:57Sober.
21:59One would be serious.
22:03And one would be not
22:08drunk.
22:10Not drunk. Sober is the opposite of
22:12drunk,
22:14but sober is also the opposite of
22:17happy.
22:19The opposite of happy. So,
22:21her eyes are a sober gray, so
22:24we are describing
22:26her eyes,
22:28but really we are talking about how she
22:31feels.
22:33She was happy, but now
22:38not so much.
22:40Not so much.
22:42They had taken the red from her cheeks
22:44and lips,
22:45and they were gray, also.
22:48So,
22:50if someone's happy and healthy, usually
22:52they have some red in their cheeks,
22:54and now they're gray, also. So,
22:59gray
23:01here, gray there, gray everywhere.
23:05We're describing
23:06not only the land, but the people, too.
23:12And we're talking about unhappiness, as
23:16well.
23:17unhappiness
23:20She was also thin
23:22and gaunt.
23:24And never smiled, now.
23:27Gaunt is another way to talk about
23:29someone being thin.
23:32This is basically saying the same thing
23:35two times. gaunt gaunt
23:39When Dorothy, who was an orphan, first
23:42came to her,
23:43Aunt Em had been so startled by the
23:46child's laughter
23:47that she would scream and press her hand
23:49upon her heart whenever Dorothy's merry
23:51voice reached her ears.
23:54There's a semicolon again, so let's
23:56break there.
23:59When Dorothy, who was an orphan,
24:02an orphan What's an orphan?
24:06An orphan
24:08is someone with no parents.
24:10no
24:12parents
24:14An orphanage is a place where orphans
24:17are.
24:18An orphan is also a verb.
24:21If someone's parents die,
24:23they have been orphaned. That person has
24:26been orphaned.
24:27So, Dorothy is an orphan.
24:29This is why she lives with her aunt and
24:32uncle.
24:36And at the time when she first came,
24:41Aunt Em
24:42was surprised,
24:45startled, startled.
24:49So,
24:50startled
24:54is scared.
24:57But, it's more specific.
25:01So, if I'm startled by something,
25:05it means that I move because I am
25:08afraid.
25:09So, let me show you.
25:12Just
25:13a small movement. A small movement
25:16because I'm afraid. I start moving.
25:20Startle.
25:21Start.
25:23So, if I move, it's also called giving
25:25someone a start. So, someone gives me a
25:27start means they scare me and so I
25:31I start moving and maybe I say, "Whoa!"
25:34And so, that's startle. Startle. So,
25:36she's surprised and scared
25:39by the child's laughter.
25:42And she's so surprised and scared by the
25:45child's laughter
25:47that she would scream and press her hand
25:51upon, which simply means on, her heart.
25:55Whenever Dorothy's merry voice reached
25:58her ears. Let's talk about merry for 1
26:01second.
26:02You know merry Christmas? That's what we
26:04say at Christmas time.
26:06In Britain, many people would say happy
26:09Christmas as well.
26:11Merry is an old word for
26:15happy.
26:16An older word for happy. So, we still
26:19use it at Christmas time.
26:22But it's a older word.
26:27And she still looked at the little girl
26:30with wonder that she could find anything
26:32to laugh at.
26:36So, she, that is Aunt Em,
26:40still thinks it's weird
26:44that Dorothy can laugh.
26:47With wonder. Wonder is surprise.
26:57Wonder is surprise.
26:59Of course, when we say something is
27:01wonderful, we mean it is great.
27:05Not that it's surprising, but the word
27:07wonder means something like surprise.
27:12It's a bigger word than surprise,
27:14though.
27:17Notice
27:18with pronunciation one more thing
27:20that little
27:23has that T sound we talked about.
27:26In American English, little
27:28is pronounced more like it's a D.
27:31I said there was a vowel, a T, and a
27:35vowel that gives us that D sound. So,
27:38you might ask, why
27:40is it here?
27:41Well,
27:42think about T and L in English.
27:45You can't really say tlah tlah tlah tlah
27:48It doesn't It just doesn't work. Tlah
27:50You can try, but it just doesn't work.
27:52And ool ool has a little tiny vowel
27:56sound, a tiny tiny vowel sound, so that
27:59we get little little little.
28:03Uncle Henry never laughed. He worked
28:05hard from morning till night and did not
28:08know what joy was. He was gray also,
28:11from his long beard to his rough boots,
28:14and he looked stern and solemn and
28:17rarely spoke.
28:19Stern and solemn.
28:21Stern is
28:23very serious.
28:25Very serious. And solemn can be
28:29something like sad
28:31serious. He's a very serious man. Very
28:34very serious man. Rough boots
28:37means that they are work boots. Work
28:40boots.
28:41It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh and
28:45saved her from growing as gray as her
28:47surroundings.
28:49Toto, this is Toto.
28:52The dog, also a great band.
28:56Toto, you can hear the T being
28:58pronounced as a D there in his name,
29:01Toto. So, it was Toto that made Dorothy
29:03laugh
29:05and saved her from growing as gray as
29:07her surroundings. Your surroundings are
29:10what surround you. Everything around you
29:14is your surroundings. So, as we've seen
29:19and with D for Dorothy there. As we've
29:21seen, everything around her
29:23the landscape, the house, her aunt, her
29:27uncle, all of it is gray.
29:30But, because of Toto, she has not turned
29:33gray. And gray here really symbolizes
29:36sadness.
29:39Toto was not gray. He was a little black
29:41dog with long silky hair and small black
29:44eyes that twinkled merrily on either
29:46side of his funny wee nose.
29:49Toto played all day long and Dorothy
29:51played with him and loved him dearly.
29:55So, twinkle
29:57is very similar to sparkle.
30:00Really, twinkle and sparkle are the same
30:03thing.
30:04Twinkle. Merrily, happily, just like we
30:08saw merry merry voice, merrily, happily.
30:13Wee here
30:15is a word
30:17for small.
30:20Small, wee.
30:23Today, however, they were not playing.
30:27Uncle Henry sat upon the doorstep and
30:29looked anxiously at the sky, which was
30:32even grayer than usual.
30:34Dorothy stood in the door with Toto in
30:36her arms and looked at the sky, too.
30:39Aunt Em was washing the dishes.
30:44From the far north, they heard a low
30:46wail of the wind, and Uncle Henry and
30:48Dorothy could see where the long grass
30:52bowed in waves before the coming storm.
30:56So,
30:57let's see. There's a few things for us
30:59to say here.
31:00The wail,
31:01a wail,
31:03a wail could be a very unhappy sound
31:07like a crying baby could make, a wail.
31:10We also use wail for the sound which an
31:14emergency vehicle makes, a siren, a
31:18siren sound is a wail, that woo woo
31:22But here it's the wind.
31:24Here it's the wind.
31:26And Uncle Henry and Dorothy could see
31:28where the long grass bowed.
31:30So, we can say bow or bow,
31:33two different words, two slightly
31:35different meanings, but both work here.
31:39Both work here. So, to bow
31:42is to
31:44bend down, like when a person says hello
31:47in a very um strict culture, sometimes
31:51they bow, they put their head slightly
31:53down to bow. People used to bow to the
31:57king, for example.
32:00And it could also be bow, because if you
32:03have something which is
32:06uh
32:08like a line, like a blade of grass,
32:11it could bend, like I can
32:14make this bow, like a bow and arrow.
32:19I can make it bow, so that could work as
32:21well. Bow and bow, both would work here.
32:26They could see where the long grass
32:28bowed in waves before the coming storm,
32:31before the coming storm. Just like you
32:33can have an exciting movie, you can have
32:35a coming storm.
32:37Before here
32:39has a meaning of space
32:41and time.
32:43Space and time. If you are looking at
32:46your screen right now, your screen is
32:48before you.
32:51It's also in front of you. Another way
32:53to say that is before you. So, before
32:55the storm means in front of the storm.
33:01There now came a sharp whistling in the
33:03air from the south. And as they turned
33:05their eyes that way, they saw ripples in
33:07the grass coming from that direction
33:09also.
33:10Ripples here.
33:12If you drop a stone into the water,
33:16then there would be ripples in the
33:18water.
33:19Ripples.
33:21So, it's like lines, moving lines in the
33:24grass coming from that direction also.
33:26Suddenly, Uncle Henry stood up.
33:29"There's a cyclone coming, Em." he
33:31called to his wife. "I'll go look after
33:33the stock."
33:34Stock here means livestock.
33:39Livestock.
33:41So, that is animals.
33:46Animals on the farm.
33:48Then he ran toward the sheds where the
33:50cows and horses were kept.
33:53Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the
33:55door. One glance told her of the danger
33:57close at hand. Close at hand. This is an
34:01idiom. Something that's close at hand is
34:05near or close. Close. "Quick, Dorothy."
34:09she screamed. "Run for the cellar."
34:11Again, the cellar is under the house, so
34:13it's safe.
34:15Toto jumped out of Dorothy's arms and
34:17hid under the bed. And the girl started
34:19to get him.
34:21Aunt Em, badly frightened,
34:24threw open the trapdoor in the floor and
34:26climbed down the ladder into the small
34:28dark hole.
34:29Dorothy caught Toto at last and started
34:31to follow her aunt.
34:33When she was halfway across the room,
34:35there came a great shriek from the wind
34:37and the house shook so hard that she
34:39lost her footing and sat down suddenly
34:42upon the floor.
34:45So,
34:47bad things are happening. The storm is
34:49coming. The cyclone is coming.
34:52So,
34:53Dorothy's trying to get the dog.
34:56Aunt Em
34:57goes down through the trapdoor. She
35:00throws it open. I mean, she opens it
35:02quickly. She climbs down the ladder into
35:05the small, dark hole.
35:08Dorothy catches Toto
35:10and then she tries to follow her aunt.
35:13But when she's halfway across the room,
35:16there comes a great shriek. Shriek is
35:20like scream.
35:22Scream.
35:25The house shook so hard that she lost
35:27her footing and sat down suddenly upon
35:30the floor.
35:32A strange thing then happened.
35:35Notice that this is a book. So,
35:38sometimes there are things which are
35:39different from speaking.
35:43In speech, we would put then all the way
35:46over here. Then a strange thing
35:49happened.
35:51But because this is a book,
35:53we're saying a strange thing then
35:55happened.
35:58The house whirled around two or three
36:00times and rose slowly through the air.
36:03So, again, whirl is to spin.
36:09To spin like so.
36:14Dorothy felt as if she were going up in
36:17a balloon.
36:18>> [clears throat]
36:20>> As if.
36:22As plus if
36:25means we have something hypothetical.
36:34Something like a dream. Like a dream.
36:38So, when we say if this happened, this
36:42would happen,
36:44that's a hypothetical. It's a
36:46hypothetical, like a theory, like a
36:48dream. So, she felt as if she were going
36:52up in a balloon. There is no balloon,
36:55but she feels like
36:57there's a balloon.
36:59There's no balloon, but as if is our
37:02sign, it's our trigger
37:04for a hypothetical statement. It is
37:07unreal.
37:09Unreal. There's no balloon,
37:12but the house
37:13is rising. That's rise, rose, risen,
37:17right? So, there's rose. The house is
37:19rising.
37:20The north and south winds met where the
37:23house stood and made it the exact center
37:26of the cyclone.
37:28In the middle of a cyclone, the air is
37:30generally still, but the great pressure
37:33of the wind on every side of the house
37:36raised it up higher and higher until it
37:39was at the very top of the cyclone.
37:41There's our semicolon.
37:44And so,
37:46here, generally still, still. Hmm.
37:52You know still as an adverb,
37:56like I am still here,
37:59but this is still as an adjective.
38:01Still.
38:04Adjective.
38:06Not moving.
38:08So, the air in the middle of a cyclone
38:11is not moving. We call that the eye of
38:15the storm.
38:16>> [clears throat]
38:16>> Eye of
38:18the storm.
38:25>> And now the house is at the top of the
38:27cyclone, and there it remained. It
38:30stayed there and was carried miles and
38:33miles away as easily as you could carry
38:37a feather. As easily as you could carry
38:40a feather.
38:42So, here
38:43is where we will stop for today.
38:48And I will say that we will read more if
38:53this video gets enough likes and enough
38:56comments. If people are telling me what
38:59they think, ask me questions. I am an
39:02English teacher. You can ask me
39:04questions. I would love to help.
39:07So, if enough comments come and if
39:09enough likes are made on this video, I'd
39:12love to keep going. We can continue
39:15this book. If you like the book,
39:18and let's
39:20summarize one thing.
39:24The most important pronunciation feature
39:26we talked about was the T
39:29becoming like a D between two vowels.
39:32Mighty,
39:33water,
39:35little,
39:36pretty, attic, Toto.
39:41This happens everywhere in American
39:43English. So, that's our most important
39:46pronunciation point. And of course, if
39:49you like this content, you can
39:50subscribe, and I will see you again next
39:54time.
39:55Thanks for watching.

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