YT YouTube2Text

YouTube2Text → Transcripts → 【ダーク心理学】サイコパス・ソシオパス・ダークエンパスの視えてる世界

【ダーク心理学】サイコパス・ソシオパス・ダークエンパスの視えてる世界 — Transcript

by 深淵回廊@人間の脳と心の仕組み · 2,968 words · 474 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

Open in transcriber Summarize with AI Download SRT/VTT

Full transcript

0:00Psychopaths, sociopaths, dark empaths
0:02—the world as seen by these
0:04individuals. You've likely heard all
0:07three—in dramas, on the news, or in
0:09social media personality tests. Phrases
0:12like "that boss is a total psychopath"
0:14are no longer rare. But could you
0:16explain the differences between these
0:18three? What exactly distinguishes a
0:20psychopath from a sociopath? And what
0:22is a "dark empath" anyway? Most people
0:25can't say—I couldn't either, until I
0:28looked it up. And one more thing: of
0:31these three, which is the most common
0:33in the world? The answer is the newest
0:36term of them all. In terms of numbers,
0:38it's one in five people. I'll get into
0:40that in the main part of the video.
0:42Tonight, we’ll also examine two
0:44common myths along the way. "
0:46Psychopaths have high IQs.""Psychopaths
0:49are criminals." One of these is a lie.
0:53The other is only half-true. Now then,
0:56let's peer into the truth tonight.
0:59First, I want to clarify the
1:00terminology. If we skip this,
1:02everything that follows will be
1:04off-base. For starters, neither "
1:06psychopath" nor "sociopath" are
1:08official psychiatric diagnoses. The
1:11only name listed in the diagnostic
1:13criteria used by doctors is "antisocial
1:16personality disorder." It involves
1:18ignoring the rights of others. Lying,
1:20impulsivity, and a lack of guilt.
1:22It’s a label given to those who have
1:24shown such behavioral patterns since
1:26before age 15. So, where did the word "
1:29psychopath" come from? There is a tool
1:33called the "Psychopathy Checklist,"
1:35developed by Canadian criminal
1:37psychologist Robert Hare in the 1970s.
1:40It includes items like superficial
1:42charm, grandiose self-worth,
1:44pathological lying, lack of remorse,
1:47shallow affect, parasitic lifestyle,
1:49impulsivity, and early behavioral
1:52problems. Experts assign scores based
1:54on interviews and records. Out of a
1:56possible 40 points, a score of 30 or
1:59higher is labeled a psychopath in North
2:01America. In short, "psychopath" is not
2:03a disease name, but a score. "Sociopath
2:06" is even looser and is rarely used in
2:08the world of research. It’s a term
2:10that spread through popular books for
2:11the general public. However, there is a
2:13corresponding distinction in research.
2:15It is the distinction between primary
2:18and secondary psychopathy, organized by
2:20psychologist David Lykken. Primary is
2:22innate: low fear, cold, and calculating
2:25. Secondary is formed by one's
2:28upbringing and environment. They
2:29possess fear, but cannot control their
2:32anger and impulses. Colloquially, "
2:34psychopath" generally overlaps with
2:36primary, and "sociopath" with secondary
2:38. Tonight, I will talk about how to
2:40deal with them. Acknowledging that some
2:42experts say their personalities are
2:44different, we also have the "Dark
2:46Empath." This is the newest one. It’s
2:50a concept proposed by a British
2:52research team in a 2021 paper, with
2:54only a few studies so far. I’ll
2:57discuss the details later. First, the
2:59psychopath. They are, for the most part
3:02, born that way. In 1957, researchers
3:04conducted this experiment. They
3:07gathered prison inmates, sat them in
3:09chairs, and attached electrodes. When a
3:11buzzer sounds, an electric shock
3:13follows a few seconds later. This is
3:15repeated many times. Normal people
3:17learn after two or three times. The
3:20moment the buzzer sounds, their palms
3:22begin to sweat. Even though nothing has
3:24happened yet, their bodies feel fear in
3:26advance. Inmates with high psychopathic
3:28traits did not sweat. When the buzzer
3:31sounded, their bodies showed no
3:32anticipation. They would feel pain if
3:34the shock arrived. But they didn’t
3:36fear what was coming next. This is the
3:40gateway to the world as they see it:
3:41they aren't afraid of punishment. To be
3:45precise, they don't like punishment,
3:47but they don't anticipate it. That’s
3:49why the automatic "brake" normal people
3:51use dozens of times a day—thinking, "
3:53I'll stop because I don't want to get
3:55in trouble"—doesn't engage. This is
3:58why scolding or threatening them
4:00doesn't change their behavior. It’s
4:02not that they are ignoring you out of
4:04malice; their internal wiring is
4:06different from the start. Let me share
4:08one more study. Neuroscientist James
4:11Blair and his team showed people with
4:13high psychopathic traits faces of
4:15others who were frightened. When normal
4:17people see a frightened face, a part of
4:20the brain called the amygdala reacts.
4:22The other person's fear is slightly
4:24mirrored in them. People with high
4:27psychopathic traits showed almost no
4:29reaction there. They can recognize a
4:31frightened face as being afraid. But it
4:34doesn't rub off on them. I want to
4:36clear up a common misconception here.
4:38That psychopaths don't understand how
4:40others feel. That is incorrect. In 2013
4:44, studies by Decety and Meffert
4:47separately found the same thing. They
4:51showed inmates with high psychopathic
4:53traits videos of others in pain. When
4:55they just watched, their brain activity
4:57related to empathy was weak. But when
5:00instructed to "try to imagine how this
5:02person feels," their reaction rose to
5:04the same level as a normal person's.
5:07Their empathy circuits are not broken.
5:10The switch is simply set to off by
5:12default. They can turn it on only when
5:15necessary. I think this is the most
5:17important part of how psychopaths see
5:19the world. They can see other people's
5:22emotions. Where someone gets hurt, what
5:25they fear, what they want. They can
5:29read it all accurately as information.
5:31And yet, it doesn't cause them pain.
5:34They possess both an eye that reads
5:36weaknesses and a heart that feels
5:37nothing when pressing them. This is not
5:41a person without emotions. It is a
5:43person who can view others as tools.
5:46And one last thing: they are not
5:47troubled themselves. They do not think
5:50they are abnormal. The term "psychopath
5:54" is a label given by others; in their
5:57own world, they are normal, and those
5:59around them seem overly fearful and
6:01intrusive. Number two, the sociopath.
6:05The secondary type. I'll be brief here.
6:09It's not because there is less research
6:11, but because their world structure is
6:13almost the opposite of the first type.
6:16The primary type has no fear. The
6:19secondary type has fear. In fact, they
6:23grew up in environments where they
6:25learned that the world is something
6:27that hurts you—usually through abuse,
6:29neglect, or violence. So they strike
6:33first. Before being struck; the primary
6:36type is cold and calculated. The
6:38secondary type is hot and impulsive.
6:41It’s not that they don't intend to
6:43keep promises, but they are overwritten
6:45by their mood at the moment. They do
6:47feel guilt. But it doesn't last. If I
6:50were to put the world they see into
6:52words, it would be this. The world is
6:54an enemy. Even people who seem like
6:56allies will betray you eventually. So,
6:58it's less painful to destroy them first
7:00before they betray you. This is
7:03distorted, but it was likely the
7:05optimal solution within the environment
7:07they grew up in. For a child raised in
7:11a violent home, being vigilant was a
7:13survival strategy. Only the strategy
7:17remains after the environment has
7:18changed. And this second type makes up
7:21the majority of psychopaths in prison.
7:24They lack planning, so they get caught.
7:26The first type does not get caught. I
7:28will talk about this again during the
7:30second verification. Here, I will
7:32verify the first common assumption.
7:35Psychopaths are smart. To start with
7:37the conclusion: that is a lie. In 2013,
7:40a research team collected and
7:42integrated dozens of studies on the
7:44relationship between psychopathy and
7:46intelligence. It was a meta-analysis.
7:49The result showed the correlation
7:51between psychopathy scores and IQ was
7:53almost zero. It was slightly negative.
7:56In other words, on average, those with
7:58high psychopathic tendencies are the
8:00same as or slightly less intelligent
8:02than the average person. So where did
8:05the image of the "smart psychopath"
8:07come from? It’s almost entirely
8:09fiction. Hannibal Lecter from "The
8:12Silence of the Lambs"—that one
8:13character created the global image of a
8:16psychopath. A psychiatrist,
8:18knowledgeable, eating people while
8:20listening to classical music. That is a
8:23character created by a writer, not a
8:25statistic. I do want to make one caveat
8:28, though. Among the items on the Hare
8:32checklist, only "glibness/superficial
8:34charm" has been reported to have a weak
8:36positive correlation with verbal
8:38intelligence. So, it's not that they
8:42are smart. They can talk as if they are
8:44smart. When you first meet them, they
8:47are confident, articulate, and
8:48entertaining. That impression gets
8:51translated into "that person is smart."
8:55And that impression lowers our guard.
8:58They don't have a high IQ; they are
9:00just skilled at making people think
9:02they do. The misconception comes from
9:05this. The second misconception.
9:07Psychopaths are criminals. The
9:09conclusion is half true and half false.
9:12Let’s look at which half is which
9:14using the numbers. According to Hare's
9:16estimates, people who meet the criteria
9:18for psychopathy make up about 1%of the
9:20general population—one in 100.
9:22Meanwhile, in prisons, the rate is 15%
9:26to 25%—or one in four to six. In
9:28other words, they are 20 times more
9:31concentrated in prisons than in general
9:33society. So far, this is true. Those
9:36with high psychopathic tendencies are
9:38clearly more likely to be involved in
9:40crime. But I want you to look at it
9:41from the other side. Let’s assume
9:44Japan's population is 121 million. 1%
9:47would be 1.2 million people. There are
9:50about 40,000 people in total in prison.
9:53Even if 25%of them are psychopaths,
9:55that’s 10,000 people. Out of 1.2
9:58million, only 10,000 are in prison. The
10:02remaining 1.19 million are out in the
10:04world. The vast majority of psychopaths
10:07are not criminals. And the vast
10:09majority of people in prison are not
10:11psychopaths. 75%are not. This brings us
10:16to the research area of "successful
10:18psychopaths." In 2010, Babiak and Hare
10:22administered the checklist to 203
10:24corporate managers and executive
10:26candidates. The results showed about 4%
10:30met the criteria for psychopathy.
10:32That's four times the general
10:34population. They weren't in prison, but
10:36clearly thrived. Instead of getting
10:39caught for crimes, they climbed the
10:41corporate ladder. Chosen for their
10:44superficial charm, their lack of
10:46conscience allows them to decide
10:48quickly and use others 'emotions as
10:50tools. In certain workplaces, that is
10:53indistinguishable from competence.
10:56Psychologist Kevin Dutton's study
10:58ranked executives, lawyers, media
11:00professionals, salespeople, and
11:02surgeons high in psychopathic
11:04tendencies. However, this was a
11:08self-reported online survey, so the
11:10research quality honestly isn't high.
11:14It's better not to take the numbers
11:16literally. Even so, the trend aligns
11:18with the results of Babiak and Hare. In
11:21short, it comes down to this. The first
11:23type of psychopath is calculated and
11:25doesn't get caught. The second type of
11:28psychopath is impulsive and gets caught
11:30. Those in prison are mainly the second
11:33type, while those in companies are
11:34mainly the first. The bias that
11:37psychopaths are criminals comes from
11:39looking at the second type while
11:40discussing the first. In a workplace of
11:43100 people, statistically, there is one
11:45. That one person is more likely to be
11:48in a meeting room than in prison. The
11:51third type: the Dark Empath. This is
11:53the one I mentioned at the beginning as
11:55being the most common. In 2021, a
11:57research team at Nottingham Trent
11:59University in the UK had about 1,000
12:02people take two types of questionnaires
12:04. One measures the Dark Triad:
12:07narcissism, Machiavellianism, and
12:09psychopathy. The other measures levels
12:12of empathy. Both cognitive empathy,
12:16which reads others' feelings, and
12:18affective empathy, where others '
12:19feelings transfer to you. The
12:23researchers then categorized people
12:25based on score combinations, expecting
12:28three groups. Average people,
12:32high-empathy people, and high-Dark
12:34Triad people—but four emerged. The
12:38fourth group was people with both high
12:40Dark Triad traits and high empathy. The
12:43researchers named them "Dark Empaths."
12:46The breakdown was as follows. Average
12:49people about 34%, high-empathy people
12:52about 33%, Dark Triad about 13%, Dark
12:59Empaths 19%; more common than the Dark
13:02Triad, it's a different scale from the
13:051%for psychopaths. I must clarify that
13:10these are the figures from one specific
13:12classification method in one study. The
13:14questionnaire is self-reported, so
13:16it’s unclear if the same percentage
13:18would appear in other groups. Therefore
13:20, I’m not saying that 19%of humanity
13:23are dark empaths. However, I do think
13:26the nature of what this study found is
13:28likely real. So, what does the world
13:31look like to these people? They
13:33understand the other person's pain.
13:35This is where they differ from
13:36psychopaths. They know what hurts
13:38others and what they fear. Unlike
13:40psychopaths, they don't just see it as
13:43information; they truly feel it. And
13:45they use it after feeling it. The study
13:47showed that dark empaths didn't use
13:49direct aggression like the dark triad
13:51group. They don’t hit, yell, or
13:54threaten. Instead, they scored high on
13:57indirect aggression. They use gossip
14:00and innuendo, pretending to be
14:02concerned while spreading a target's
14:04weaknesses. Another high-scoring trait
14:07was the use of humor that mocks others.
14:11A joke where everyone laughs except the
14:13person being targeted. The one who said
14:15it can just claim, "It’s just a joke.
14:17" Because they have empathy, they know
14:19exactly where to hit to be most
14:21effective. Because they have empathy,
14:23they can put on a worried face after
14:25doing it. And there is one point that
14:27researchers pointed out as the most
14:29unpleasant. Dark empaths believe they
14:32are empathetic people. In their own
14:34self-assessment, they are highly
14:36empathetic. And in reality, they are.
14:39So, in their own minds, they are kind
14:41people who understand others' feelings
14:43well. Even if their actions are gossip
14:46and innuendo, you might have someone in
14:48your workplace in mind. The person who
14:51listens to you the most, the easiest
14:53person to talk to. Has it ever happened
14:56that the content of your private
14:58conversations leaked out because of
15:00them? Of course, most people who listen
15:05to you are just kind people. They
15:08belong to the 33%who are highly
15:10empathetic. But there is no way to tell
15:13them apart. You cannot distinguish them
15:15by their level of empathy. Because both
15:17groups are high in it. If there is a
15:20way to tell, it’s only by whether you
15:22feel a little lighter or a little worn
15:24down after talking to them. So far, we
15:27have looked at the worlds of three
15:29types of outliers: the world without
15:32fear, the world of impulse, and the
15:34world that weaponizes empathy. Finally,
15:36I will talk about neuroscientist James
15:38Fallon, who wants to doubt the term "
15:41outlier" itself. He is someone who has
15:43studied brain images of murderers for
15:45decades. The psychopath's brain has a
15:48characteristic pattern. There is low
15:51activity in parts of the frontal lobe
15:53and around the amygdala. He has seen
15:56hundreds of these patterns. One day, he
15:59decided to scan his entire family's
16:01brains for a different study. He
16:03scanned his own brain as well. Looking
16:07at the images, he realized his brain
16:09matched the psychopath pattern. At
16:12first, he thought it was someone else's
16:14image that got mixed up. It was not a
16:16mix-up. Researching his genealogy, he
16:19found several killers on his father's
16:21side, including one executed for murder
16:23. Yet he himself is not a killer. He
16:27has no criminal record. He is married
16:30with children and is quite successful
16:32as a university professor. The
16:34assessment from those around him is
16:36that he is a bit cold. His competitive
16:38spirit is abnormally strong. He is not
16:40very interested in other people's
16:41feelings. That was the extent of it.
16:43Based on his own case, he thought of
16:45this. A psychopath is a three-legged
16:48stool. The first leg is genetics, the
16:51second is the brain pattern. The third
16:54is childhood abuse or neglect; only
16:56with all three does the stool stand. He
17:00had the first and second legs. But he
17:03did not have the third. He grew up
17:05loved in a peaceful home. That is why
17:08the stool did not stand. He calls
17:11himself a pro-social psychopath. What I
17:15thought after hearing this story is
17:17this. These people are not a different
17:20species living outside of us. The lack
17:24of fear, the intensity of impulses, and
17:26the use of empathy are all at the edges
17:28of human distribution. As you go toward
17:31the fringes, the numbers decrease. But
17:34there is no line drawn along the way.
17:37There is no wall between the 1%of
17:39psychopaths, the 13%of dark triads, the
17:4319%of dark empaths, and the remaining
17:4667%. There is only a slope. And I think
17:50this is where the research on dark
17:52empaths makes people the most uneasy.
17:56Having empathy and being benevolent are
17:58not the same thing. We have always
18:00thought they were the same. We thought
18:02people who understand others 'feelings
18:04are good people, but that was wrong.
18:07Understanding others' feelings is a
18:08tool, and what you use that tool for is
18:11a different matter. I do not know where
18:14I stand among these four groups. I
18:18think of myself as someone with high
18:20empathy. But dark empaths think the
18:23same thing about themselves. That’s
18:25why self-assessment is unreliable. Most
18:29people probably won't know. We’ll end
18:31tonight without knowing. Tonight, we
18:34looked at the world of three outliers.
18:36The psychopath, who lacks fear and is
18:38immune to punishment. The sociopath,
18:41who strikes first out of overwhelming
18:43fear. The dark empath, who has empathy
18:46and uses it as a weapon. The myth that
18:49they have high IQs was a lie. The idea
18:52that they are criminals is only half
18:55true; the other half are in boardrooms.
18:58I want to hear from you in the comments
19:00. Which of the three do you find the
19:02most frightening? And tell me the
19:06reason—the answers will probably be
19:08split. Which one you find scary might
19:11reveal a little about which group you
19:13are closest to. Or maybe it won't. On
19:17this channel, I will continue to slowly
19:20shed light on society and the depths of
19:22the human heart. If today's talk
19:25resonated with you, I’d appreciate
19:26your support with a like and a
19:28subscription. See you again in the next
19:31video.

About this transcript

This page contains the full transcript of 【ダーク心理学】サイコパス・ソシオパス・ダークエンパスの視えてる世界 by 深淵回廊@人間の脳と心の仕組み, generated from the public captions YouTube serves with the video. The transcript has 2,968 words across 474 segments, with the original timestamps preserved so you can click any line to jump to that moment in the embedded player.

What you can do with it

Use the transcript to take notes, quote the speaker, build a study guide, generate a summary with ChatGPT or Claude via the YouTube Summary tool, or export it as a timed subtitle file with YouTube to SRT. You can also re-open it in the transcriber to translate the transcript into 100+ languages.

Free YouTube transcript tool

YouTube2Text is a free YouTube transcript generator — no signup, no daily limit. Paste any YouTube link and get the full transcript instantly, with timestamps, click-to-jump, translation to 100+ languages, AI prompts for ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, and exports to TXT, SRT, VTT, or Markdown.