King's College London: Neurobiology Animation — Transcript

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1. 0:04[Music]
2. 0:07attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
3. 0:10or ADHD as it's commonly known affects
4. 0:13about one in 20 young people around the
5. 0:16world it can have a major impact on life
6. 0:18at home in school and with
7. 0:21[Music]
8. 0:23friends symptoms of inattention
9. 0:25impulsivity and
10. 0:27hyperactivity can reduce a person's AB
11. 0:30ility to control their actions and
12. 0:32concentrate without getting
13. 0:35distracted some people have expressed
14. 0:38skepticism about the disorder but brain
15. 0:40imaging has shown that symptoms of ADHD
16. 0:43are associated with a series of
17. 0:46abnormalities in the development and
18. 0:47function of parts of the brain let's
19. 0:50look first at the cortex the brain
20. 0:52surface
21. 0:54layer in normal development the cortex
22. 0:57which plays key roles in memory and
23. 1:00tension thought and language gradually
24. 1:03increases in thickness before reaching a
25. 1:05peak during teenage years scans have
26. 1:08shown that in children with
27. 1:10ADHD the cortex generally develops more
28. 1:13slowly particularly in
29. 1:15frontal and temporal lobe regions which
30. 1:18are important for memory and controlling
31. 1:24Behavior typically the frontal cortex
32. 1:27along with other major parts of the
33. 1:29brain are are smaller in children with
34. 1:31ADHD than in those without these
35. 1:34different parts of the brain do not
36. 1:36operate in isolation but interact
37. 1:38extensively to form networks controlling
38. 1:42functions such as language attention and
39. 1:47movement the activity of different
40. 1:49networks increases and decreases to
41. 1:52allow different functions to take
42. 1:54place for example while you are watching
43. 1:57this video activity and Network involved
44. 2:00in processing information will have
45. 2:02typically increased while activity in
46. 2:05networks involved in mind wandering will
47. 2:07have typically
48. 2:09decreased in a person with ADHD the
49. 2:12activity of these networks is impaired
50. 2:15and connections within the networks are
51. 2:17disrupted and when we look more closely
52. 2:20at the communication between these
53. 2:22networks there is also disruption in the
54. 2:24release of the chemicals dopamine and
55. 2:27noradrenaline which are responsible for
56. 2:30relaying messages between brain
57. 2:33cells overall when children with ADHD
58. 2:36carry out particular tasks some networks
59. 2:39are not switched on enough While others
60. 2:42remain switched on too
61. 2:44much research from around the world has
62. 2:47shown widespread differences in the
63. 2:49development and function of the brain in
64. 2:51children with
65. 2:53ADHD while we can't yet use brain
66. 2:55Imaging to diagnose the disorder the
67. 2:57more we can learn about ADHD in the
68. 2:59brain the better we can understand the
69. 3:02symptoms that children with ADHD
70. 3:04experience in everyday life and the more
71. 3:07we'll be able to do to support
72. 3:10[Music]
73. 3:28them