Kant on Thinking vs Doing: What Defines True Guilt? — Transcript

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1. 0:00is it what we think or what we do that
2. 0:03defines us let's
3. 0:10[Music]
4. 0:18explore in today's episode I intend to
5. 0:21discuss previous year's questions as lot
6. 0:23of requested me to do so and I plan to
7. 0:26discuss 2024 quotation of K and and the
8. 0:30court re somewhat like this in law a man
9. 0:33is guilty when he violates the rights of
10. 0:36others in ethics he is guilty if he only
11. 0:39thinks of doing so
12. 0:42can't and the question is what does this
13. 0:45quote convey to you in the present
14. 0:46context this quote is more than just a
15. 0:49philosophical observation of K in fact
16. 0:51it's a gateway to understand the
17. 0:53distinction between thinking and doing
18. 0:56it's a gateway to understand how guilt
19. 0:59oper Ates in law and how guilt operates
20. 1:02in ethics before I get into discussing
21. 1:04the meaning of the code let me outline
22. 1:06the objectives of today's session today
23. 1:08I'm going to discuss couple of things
24. 1:10firstly I'm going to discuss the key
25. 1:12words that are there in the code that's
26. 1:14the first thing second I'll try to talk
27. 1:16about what Kart is trying to convey
28. 1:18through this code and Sly I'm going to
29. 1:20talk about the debate between thinking
30. 1:24and doing and lastly why can't was so
31. 1:28emphatic about the word think or
32. 1:31thinking decoding of code starts by
33. 1:34identifying the key words in the code
34. 1:37and in this code there are some keywords
35. 1:40and what I'll do is I'll identify those
36. 1:43keywords and after identifying I'll
37. 1:45explain the meaning of those keywords
38. 1:47it's the same thing that you have to do
39. 1:49when you're writing answer and let's
40. 1:51start by understanding the keywords and
41. 1:53the first keyword happens to be law law
42. 1:56refers to a system that governs actions
43. 1:59and enforce social order by protecting
44. 2:02the rights of individuals and the most
45. 2:04important part it focus on observable
46. 2:07action for example a person is guilty
47. 2:10under law when they steal why because
48. 2:12they end up violating somebody else's
49. 2:15rights ethics deals with principles of
50. 2:18morality focusing on intentions rather
51. 2:20than actions it governs the inner life
52. 2:24of the person and remember the word is
53. 2:26ethics focuses on intentions
54. 2:29in ethics the very thought of stealing
55. 2:33the very thought of stealing is
56. 2:36unethical the next most important word
57. 2:39here is
58. 2:40think and this word think highlights
59. 2:44can't focus on intentions and moral
60. 2:46reasoning according to Kant ethics
61. 2:49begins in the mind thinking about
62. 2:51wrongdoing reflects a failure of moral
63. 2:54will students have a tendency when they
64. 2:56read a quote they focus on repeated
65. 2:59words for instance in this code the word
66. 3:02guilt is repeated and the moment you see
67. 3:04the word repeated a student assumes that
68. 3:07that's a most important word in the
69. 3:09quote and they spend time explaining
70. 3:12that no in this quote it's not the word
71. 3:15guilt in this quote it's the word thinks
72. 3:18when you see the word think please
73. 3:21understand that one single word captures
74. 3:24the essence of K's
75. 3:26argument that can ethics revolves around
76. 3:29or revolves around the word s by using
77. 3:33the word Sy what Kant is trying to do
78. 3:35here is he intends to shift the entire
79. 3:37focus of Ethics from law if you look at
80. 3:40Law law focus on observable actions but
81. 3:43what K is trying to do is he wants to
82. 3:46shift the focus from observable
83. 3:48something quantifiable something
84. 3:50measurable to something more internal
85. 3:54the use of word think completely aligns
86. 3:57with K's philosophy of moral will and
87. 4:00Duty even the very thought of violating
88. 4:03moral principles is failure of moral
89. 4:06responsibility that's can't for you now
90. 4:08that we've identified the key words now
91. 4:11let's move on to understand what is K
92. 4:14trying to convey through this code the
93. 4:17first thing and the most obvious thing
94. 4:19that Kant is trying to convey to us is
95. 4:22the difference between the domain of
96. 4:24ethics and the domain of law what K is
97. 4:27trying to convey to us is the domain of
98. 4:30law is observable action whereas the
99. 4:33domain of Ethics is internal law governs
100. 4:37external actions and focus on
101. 4:39maintaining social order secondly law is
102. 4:43concerned with whether an individual's
103. 4:45Behavior aderes to rules that protect
104. 4:48the rights and freedoms of others now
105. 4:50the key word here is individuals
106. 4:53Behavior adheres to rules and lastly
107. 4:56legal judgment requires observable
108. 4:58evidence of or rights violation the key
109. 5:01word here is observable evidence so that
110. 5:04means law focuses on externals while
111. 5:08ethics deals with internal motivations
112. 5:10and intentions you remember earlier when
113. 5:12I was explaining the keywords I use the
114. 5:14word think and that's what ethics is all
115. 5:16about saying internal motivations
116. 5:19secondly ethics evaluates whether an
117. 5:22individual's thoughts decisions and
118. 5:24actions align with moral principles
119. 5:27regardless of whether they result in
120. 5:29observable
121. 5:31consequences thirdly ethical judgment
122. 5:34focus on inner alignment of one's will
123. 5:36with universal moral laws in short what
124. 5:39Kant is trying to convey to us is law
125. 5:42deals with externals observable actions
126. 5:46while ethics deals with something
127. 5:47internal it deals with your thinking
128. 5:50this is my favorite part of K's quote
129. 5:53now what Kant is trying to convey to us
130. 5:55here is the big difference between
131. 5:58thinking that is intentions and actions
132. 6:01that is doing and thinking and doing or
133. 6:05thinking versus doing is one of the
134. 6:07biggest debates in philosophy law
135. 6:09governs doing that is observable actions
136. 6:14law focus on external Behavior punishing
137. 6:17violations that disrupt social harmony
138. 6:20unlike law which CS doing ethics CS
139. 6:24thinking in fact ethics evaluates a
140. 6:28person's moral character beginning with
141. 6:30the intentions that is what is going on
142. 6:32in their heads law in order to remain
143. 6:35objective focuses more on observable
144. 6:38actions while ethics is more subjective
145. 6:42it focuses on your inner moral reasoning
146. 6:45now you make a choice external actions
147. 6:48matter more or inner moral reasoning
148. 6:50matters more when it comes to guilt law
149. 6:53focus on externals whereas ethics
150. 6:56focuses on your inner moral reasoning
151. 7:00now that we understood what Kant is
152. 7:02trying to convey through this code let's
153. 7:04try to understand why Kant emphasize so
154. 7:06much on the word think if you read the
155. 7:08quote carefully what K is trying to say
156. 7:11is a man is guilty of violation if he
157. 7:15thinks of doing something wrong by
158. 7:18stressing on the word thing what K is
159. 7:20trying to do is he's trying to emphasize
160. 7:23on the role of intentions in Morality
161. 7:26what K is arguing is that an action is
162. 7:29morally good only if it's done out of
163. 7:31Duty and with right
164. 7:34intentions for example if you help
165. 7:36someone only to gain recognition your
166. 7:39action while legally good lacks moral
167. 7:42worth secondly why can't focus so much
168. 7:45on the word saying because according to
169. 7:47can't moral guilt begins with thoughts
170. 7:51in fact he strongly believe that
171. 7:53entertain the idea of wrongdoing
172. 7:55indicates a failure of moral reasoning
173. 7:58further up what he says is the very
174. 8:01thought of violating moral laws shows a
175. 8:03willingness to prioritize listen to this
176. 8:07shows a willingness to prioritize
177. 8:09self-interest over Universal principles
178. 8:12lastly C strongly believed that thinking
179. 8:16is a foundation of
180. 8:18character what he's trying to convey
181. 8:21here is ethical thinking shapes small
182. 8:23character by controlling thoughts
183. 8:26individuals ensure their actions align
184. 8:29with
185. 8:30Duty for example a person who regularly
186. 8:33thinks about dishonest behavior is
187. 8:35likely to act dishonestly when given the
188. 8:38opportunity in short what Kant is trying
189. 8:41to convey here is legal guilt begins
190. 8:44with what we do while morill begins with
191. 8:48what we think as promised now that we
192. 8:52have discussed the code the meaning what
193. 8:53C is trying to convey let's come down to
194. 8:56what lot of you have been waiting for
195. 8:58how to structure an an for this quote
196. 9:00the first step to writing an answer for
197. 9:02this quotation is very simple
198. 9:05introduction and when you're writing
199. 9:07introduction for this code try to
200. 9:09capture the essence of the code don't go
201. 9:12explain the key words that's one of the
202. 9:14mistakes students to save that for later
203. 9:17here just mention what the quote's key
204. 9:20message is and the key message of this
205. 9:23quote is this K is trying to convey the
206. 9:25difference between guilt in law and
207. 9:28guilt in ethics now comes the second
208. 9:31paragraph after introduction now that's
209. 9:34where this is where the body comes in
210. 9:35and what you do here is explain all the
211. 9:38key wordss and for this you can go back
212. 9:41to my beginning of my lecture where I
213. 9:42explained all the key wordss after
214. 9:44explaining the key words try to write
215. 9:47what Kant is trying to convey here and
216. 9:50for that also you can refer to the
217. 9:51earlier part of my session what K is
218. 9:54trying to convey the distinction between
219. 9:56thinking and doing the distinction
220. 9:58between law and
221. 10:00ethics now the next part of your answer
222. 10:03happens to be in the body itself you
223. 10:05explain the keywords you explain what K
224. 10:08is trying to convey now the last part
225. 10:10you have to apply and show to The
226. 10:13Examiner that you understand the
227. 10:15difference between thinking and doing in
228. 10:18the present day context for example the
229. 10:21very thought of writing a hateful
230. 10:25post is unethical if you go by can
231. 10:28ethics you don't have to commit the act
232. 10:30of posting something hateful the very
233. 10:33thought of it is wrong when it comes to
234. 10:36conclusion keep it absolutely simple
235. 10:39just highlight one phrase how your inner
236. 10:42moral reasoning matters forget about
237. 10:45observable action what matters is your
238. 10:48inner moral reasoning just one sentence
239. 10:52and the conclusion is done one key
240. 10:54takeaway that I took from this quote is
241. 10:57this it's not about not committing
242. 10:59harmful acts it's all about keeping your
243. 11:02inner moral reasoning absolutely
244. 11:07spoton so long happy learning