YouTube transcript (kZ1HVTf6ulI) — Transcript

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1. 0:04Hello, welcome to TT Madrid.
2. 0:07So, how do you feel about teaching
3. 0:10grammar?
4. 0:11Some of you might feel nervous. Some of
5. 0:14you might feel
6. 0:17anxious,
7. 0:18maybe indifferent,
8. 0:21bored. Many feelings might come into
9. 0:24play when we think about teaching
10. 0:26grammar.
11. 0:27Uh for native speakers generally, it
12. 0:30tends to be nervousness as they just
13. 0:34speak the language,
14. 0:36but they studied the grammar
15. 0:38or you guys studied the grammar many,
16. 0:40many years ago. So, you're not quite
17. 0:43sure why we say the things we we say
18. 0:46when we speak. So, that makes a lot of
19. 0:49native speakers nervous. Whereas, uh
20. 0:52people who,
21. 0:54like myself, have learned English as a
22. 0:56second language, we have studied grammar
23. 0:59uh
24. 1:00quite a lot. So, we feel a bit more uh
25. 1:02secure and excited about uh teaching it.
26. 1:06But, regardless, it is important to be
27. 1:09able to teach grammar. Why? Because many
28. 1:11times students will ask you why we say
29. 1:15things in a certain way and not the
30. 1:17other way. So, we have to be ready to
31. 1:20explain
32. 1:22uh in a with good examples
33. 1:25um
34. 1:25why we say the things we we say.
35. 1:29So, what is the most
36. 1:32effective way to teach grammar?
37. 1:35Um the most effective way I've found
38. 1:38through my experiences
39. 1:40um
40. 1:41through examples, clear examples, and
41. 1:44context. Not abstract definitions or
42. 1:49complex theory. Just
43. 1:52clear examples, the shorter the better,
44. 1:55and context
45. 1:58people will remember. If you use funny,
46. 2:01even humorous, funny examples that will
47. 2:04help your students
48. 2:05remember the grammar.
49. 2:09So, today we will go over some grammar
50. 2:13terminology that will get you started
51. 2:16and ready to go to teach grammar. Things
52. 2:19like synonyms, antonyms, homonyms,
53. 2:22homophones, and hyponyms that you might
54. 2:25have heard at some point in your life.
55. 2:27And if you don't remember, that doesn't
56. 2:28matter because
57. 2:30we have a fresh start today.
58. 2:34So, we're going to divide this into four
59. 2:37groups, okay? After each group, we're
60. 2:39going to go ahead and do our task. So,
61. 2:43right now we're looking at group one.
62. 2:45Group one has hyponyms, synonyms,
63. 2:47collocations, and word families.
64. 2:54So, maybe you can't see this these
65. 2:57little pictures here, so I'm going to
66. 2:59describe what what's in them.
67. 3:01So, we have a bat, we have a kangaroo,
68. 3:05we have
69. 3:06a hippopotamus, we have a squirrel,
70. 3:10elephant, moose,
71. 3:13panda bear,
72. 3:14uh a zebra, and a whale. What do those
73. 3:18have in common?
74. 3:20Well, first thing, obvious,
75. 3:23they're animals. That's the So, they
76. 3:26they they share that. They all share
77. 3:28that they are um animals, but they're
78. 3:31they share something more specific, in
79. 3:33fact.
80. 3:34These are all mammals.
81. 3:37Okay, so this is what we call
82. 3:41uh hyponyms.
83. 3:43So, bats, kangaroos, squirrels, whales,
84. 3:46zebras, etc., they are hyponyms of a
85. 3:51higher category, that is
86. 3:54mammals. And we call this higher
87. 3:55category a superordinate.
88. 3:59And in this case, the superordinate
89. 4:01mammals can become a hypernym because we
90. 4:05have other types of animals such as
91. 4:07birds or reptiles. So, mammals, birds,
92. 4:09and reptiles can be hypernyms of
93. 4:13the superordinate animals. So, this is
94. 4:15what we call categories or
95. 4:19hypernyms in a technical definition.
96. 4:27So, when we look at this picture,
97. 4:30it's Jeff Bezos drowning in dollar
98. 4:33bills.
99. 4:35What comes to our mind? We think of the
100. 4:37word rich maybe. So, what are other
101. 4:41words that mean the same as rich or have
102. 4:43a similar meaning?
103. 4:44Wealthy, loaded, stacked.
104. 4:48And what do we call words that have a
105. 4:50similar or the same meaning? We call
106. 4:52these
107. 4:53synonyms.
108. 4:55So, what would be a synonym for big?
109. 5:01Huge, enormous,
110. 5:04massive, etc.
111. 5:09So, you know this guy, right? This is
112. 5:11the Navy Seal that you probably watched
113. 5:13in YouTube giving a speech about the
114. 5:18positive aspects of making your bed in
115. 5:20the morning. He said, "Make your bed."
116. 5:23So, we say make your bed and not do your
117. 5:27bed, right? Why? There's no particular
118. 5:30logic. It's just the way we speak.
119. 5:33And over the
120. 5:35decades, centuries,
121. 5:37and so on, vocabulary has evolved, and
122. 5:40we just say some things just because we
123. 5:43say them this way. No particular logic
124. 5:45or reason. So, that's what we call
125. 5:47collocations, words that go together.
126. 5:50So, in this case, it's a verb and a
127. 5:53noun, make and bed.
128. 5:55But, there are other many other types of
129. 5:57collocations that we we will take a look
130. 5:59at.
131. 6:01We could say that these two lovebirds
132. 6:03are lovebirds, that's another
133. 6:06collocation, but these two lovebirds are
134. 6:09madly in love.
135. 6:11So, that's an adverb, in love,
136. 6:14adjective.
137. 6:16So, this is this is another example of a
138. 6:19a word collocation, something we
139. 6:21commonly say.
140. 6:25When we see this guy touching the back
141. 6:27part of his
142. 6:29uh thigh, his leg,
143. 6:31uh what what comes to our mind?
144. 6:34Excruciating pain. So, this is an
145. 6:37example of
146. 6:39a an adjective and a noun collocation.
147. 6:46What about this guy? Who is who is he?
148. 6:48Well, we know this is Cristiano Ronaldo
149. 6:51when he burst into tears. Burst,
150. 6:56a verb, it's a bit exaggerated in
151. 7:00in this case, but it's just a an
152. 7:04expression that we have, burst into
153. 7:06tears. So, it's a verb plus
154. 7:08prepositional phrase, into and then
155. 7:12noun.
156. 7:13Burst into tears. So, a very very common
157. 7:16expression that we use when someone
158. 7:17starts crying
159. 7:19um in a very very
160. 7:22visible way.
161. 7:26When we have words like bat, rat, mat,
162. 7:30and cat, what do they have in common?
163. 7:32They have in common that they end in
164. 7:34a n t with the sound at. So, they are
165. 7:38word families, and what makes them a
166. 7:40family is the sound and the ending in
167. 7:44the spelling.
168. 7:47Then we have trap, wrap, lap, and snap.
169. 7:51And we also have other word families
170. 7:53that are slightly different such as
171. 7:55classic, classical, classified,
172. 7:58outclassed. The root word that they
173. 8:00share, class, is what makes them a word
174. 8:03family.
175. 8:07All right, so before we jump into group
176. 8:09two, go ahead and do your task and see
177. 8:14you in
178. 8:1610-20 minutes. Enjoy your task. See you.