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Intro to Orthodoxy - Lecture 1 by Fr. John Brown — Transcript

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  1. 0:01hello my name is father
  2. 0:03john brown i'm a priest at holy
  3. 0:05transfiguration greek orthodox church in
  4. 0:08marietta georgia
  5. 0:09and welcome to the first in a series of
  6. 0:11classes
  7. 0:12the series which is entitled
  8. 0:14introduction to orthodoxy
  9. 0:16basically it has two purposes the first
  10. 0:20is to prepare people who are interested
  11. 0:22in coming into the orthodox church
  12. 0:24through our parish
  13. 0:25and so this serves as their their
  14. 0:28preparation or catechesis uh to enter
  15. 0:31the orthodox church or even those who
  16. 0:33may or may not want to come into
  17. 0:34orthodoxy but are at least interested
  18. 0:36enough that they want to learn this
  19. 0:38material with the
  20. 0:40possibility of coming into the orthodox
  21. 0:42church
  22. 0:43but we're also posting this class on the
  23. 0:46internet so that anyone who is
  24. 0:47interested in the basics of orthodoxy
  25. 0:50can watch and and learn something
  26. 0:53so it's the classes that i've taught in
  27. 0:57the past
  28. 0:58are based on this material and
  29. 1:01some of the people most of the people
  30. 1:03who take the class are interested in
  31. 1:04becoming orthodox or making active plans
  32. 1:06to come into orthodoxy
  33. 1:08but some are actually people who have
  34. 1:10been orthodox their entire lives and
  35. 1:12they just want to refresh your course
  36. 1:14in their basics of their own faith and
  37. 1:17so that's the the purpose of this class
  38. 1:20there will be a series of slides and
  39. 1:23i will at the end of each presentation
  40. 1:25give you my email address if you'd like
  41. 1:27to
  42. 1:28call or excuse me email me questions
  43. 1:31that you might have also you'll have an
  44. 1:33opportunity to react on the
  45. 1:36website itself under on youtube
  46. 1:39so welcome to the class and let's get
  47. 1:42started
  48. 1:47introduction to orthodoxy by father john
  49. 1:50brown
  50. 1:52we'll start with a brief history of the
  51. 1:53orthodox church
  52. 1:55more than most other christian
  53. 1:57confessions orthodoxy has a strong sense
  54. 1:59of our history
  55. 2:00even now in this modern world we are
  56. 2:02constantly and continually
  57. 2:04drawing from our history being shaped
  58. 2:06and inspired by it our past
  59. 2:08especially surrounds us in our
  60. 2:10congregational worship
  61. 2:12the architecture of our architecture of
  62. 2:14our temples is from our past
  63. 2:16the type and placement of our icons are
  64. 2:18from our past
  65. 2:19the prayers and chants of our liturgies
  66. 2:21are from our past
  67. 2:22the music is from our past the vestments
  68. 2:25sensing movements and actions of our
  69. 2:27clergy are from our past
  70. 2:29the lighting of candles and the way we
  71. 2:31make the sign of the cross
  72. 2:33are from our past we never forget the
  73. 2:35two thousand
  74. 2:36years that we came from
  75. 2:43technically the spiritual roots of
  76. 2:45orthodoxy orthodox christianity go back
  77. 2:48much further than two thousand years we
  78. 2:50draw heavily from our spiritual
  79. 2:52ancestors
  80. 2:53in ancient judaism to them god first
  81. 2:57revealed himself as one bestowed upon
  82. 3:00them
  83. 3:00the ten commandments and the rest of the
  84. 3:02entire old testament god sent them a
  85. 3:04succession of priests and prophets
  86. 3:06who rightly worshipped him in the
  87. 3:09tabernacle
  88. 3:10and in the temples and in the synagogues
  89. 3:12god delivered
  90. 3:13and performed countless miracles for
  91. 3:15them and repeatedly delivered them
  92. 3:18from seemingly hopeless bondage their
  93. 3:20bible became the old
  94. 3:22testament of the christian bible
  95. 3:24orthodoxy recognizes and honors our
  96. 3:26profound
  97. 3:27hebrew heritage
  98. 3:30to orthodoxy the greatest contribution
  99. 3:32of god's old testament
  100. 3:35people was their role in preparing the
  101. 3:38way for the messiah jesus christ
  102. 3:40christianity is all about all about
  103. 3:42christ
  104. 3:43his virgin conception birth life of
  105. 3:46teaching
  106. 3:47and miracles voluntary crucifixion
  107. 3:49resurrection from the dead
  108. 3:51and ascension back into heaven are all
  109. 3:53central events of human history
  110. 3:56the liturgy of saint basil the great
  111. 3:58which
  112. 3:59which we follow during great lent
  113. 4:01summarizes christ
  114. 4:02this way he being the splendor
  115. 4:07of your glory and the image of your
  116. 4:08being upholding all things by the word
  117. 4:11of his power
  118. 4:12thought it not robbery to be equal with
  119. 4:14you god and father
  120. 4:15but being god before all ages he
  121. 4:17appeared on earth and lived lived with
  122. 4:19mankind
  123. 4:20becoming incarnate from a holy virgin he
  124. 4:22emptied himself
  125. 4:24taking the form of a servant conforming
  126. 4:26to the body of our lowliness
  127. 4:28that he might change us in the likeness
  128. 4:31of
  129. 4:31the image of his glory for since through
  130. 4:34man
  131. 4:35sin came into the world and through sin
  132. 4:37death
  133. 4:38it pleased your only begotten son who is
  134. 4:41in your bosom god and father
  135. 4:43born of a woman the holy theotokos and
  136. 4:45every virgin mary
  137. 4:46born under the law to condemn sin in his
  138. 4:49flesh
  139. 4:50so that those who died in adam may be
  140. 4:52brought to life
  141. 4:53in him your christ he lived in this
  142. 4:56world and gave us precepts of salvation
  143. 4:58descending into hades to the cross that
  144. 5:01he might fill
  145. 5:02fill all things with himself he loosed
  146. 5:05the bonds of death
  147. 5:06he rose on the third day having opened a
  148. 5:08path for all
  149. 5:09all flesh to the resurrection of the
  150. 5:12dead
  151. 5:12since it was not possible that the
  152. 5:14author of life would become
  153. 5:16dominated by corruption so he became the
  154. 5:19first fruits of those who have fallen
  155. 5:21asleep
  156. 5:22the firstborn of the dead that he might
  157. 5:25be himself the first in all things
  158. 5:27ascending into heaven he sat at the
  159. 5:29right hand of your majesty on high
  160. 5:31and he will come to render to each
  161. 5:33according to his works
  162. 5:35we will explore
  163. 5:38in detail each aspect of christ as we
  164. 5:41progress
  165. 5:42through this course
  166. 5:46pentecost the salvation of humanity
  167. 5:49which was accomplished by christ began
  168. 5:52shortly
  169. 5:53after his ascension on the jewish feast
  170. 5:55of pentecost
  171. 5:57in which in jerusalem the holy spirit
  172. 5:59was poured out
  173. 6:00upon the church which comes from the
  174. 6:03greek word
  175. 6:04called out ones this arrival was marked
  176. 6:08by signs and miracles
  177. 6:09it was the birth of the christian church
  178. 6:12with a supernatural power of the holy
  179. 6:14spirit empowering it
  180. 6:15the church immediately experienced
  181. 6:17explosive growth
  182. 6:18the shock waves of that first
  183. 6:20pentecostal still are still
  184. 6:22reverberating to this day
  185. 6:26before his crucifixion christ had
  186. 6:28already appointed
  187. 6:30the leaders of the church that would
  188. 6:31begin later at pentecost
  189. 6:34saint peter led the 12 apostles and the
  190. 6:36word apostle comes from the greek word
  191. 6:38which means
  192. 6:38sent ones to establish the first church
  193. 6:42in jerusalem
  194. 6:43they also gathered to settle the
  195. 6:45earliest doctrinal disputes in the
  196. 6:47church
  197. 6:49the apostles soon spread out throughout
  198. 6:51the known world to spread the gospel the
  199. 6:53word gospel comes from the greek word
  200. 6:54meaning good news
  201. 6:56of jesus christ so you can see there in
  202. 6:58that
  203. 7:00that map there you can see what was then
  204. 7:03basically the roman world
  205. 7:05and how the different apostles
  206. 7:08fanned out from jerusalem and what and
  207. 7:11traveled to all these different parts
  208. 7:13of not only the roman world but als also
  209. 7:16as far as
  210. 7:16india and parthia which is today
  211. 7:19modern-day iran
  212. 7:22saint peter selected by christ as the
  213. 7:25first among the apostles his early
  214. 7:27ministry
  215. 7:28is recorded in the book of acts he moved
  216. 7:31to antioch syria and established the
  217. 7:34church there
  218. 7:35later he moved to rome he was the first
  219. 7:38apostle to reside in rome
  220. 7:40there he wrote two epistles enshrined in
  221. 7:42the new testament he was martyred by
  222. 7:44crucifixion
  223. 7:46between 64 and 68 a.d
  224. 7:50the apostle paul the original apostles
  225. 7:54were joined by saint paul
  226. 7:55before his cursed conversion he was an
  227. 7:58active persecutor of the christians
  228. 8:00after his curse conversion he became the
  229. 8:03leading missionary of christianity
  230. 8:05his writings comprised more than half of
  231. 8:07the new testament
  232. 8:08he traveled throughout the roman world
  233. 8:10preaching and establishing christian
  234. 8:12communities
  235. 8:13and he was martyred in rome as was peter
  236. 8:17so you see a map here of the
  237. 8:19mediterranean
  238. 8:21and you can see all the places the
  239. 8:23apostle paul traveled
  240. 8:25and most of the places that he traveled
  241. 8:27he preached and where he was able to he
  242. 8:29was able to
  243. 8:30establish and found new christian
  244. 8:33churches so you can see what in one
  245. 8:34lifetime
  246. 8:36what the apostle paul was managed to
  247. 8:38accomplish
  248. 8:39in establishing the early christian
  249. 8:42church in the first century throughout
  250. 8:44the
  251. 8:45mediterranean world
  252. 8:48the apostle james james being the
  253. 8:51brother of the lord not the son of
  254. 8:52zebedee their couple of james's
  255. 8:54mentioned in the bible so we try to keep
  256. 8:56them separate and clear
  257. 8:58of all the disciples only saint james
  258. 9:01remained in jerusalem
  259. 9:02where he became its first bishop he is
  260. 9:05mentioned by saint paul
  261. 9:06in galatians 1 19 and 2 9.
  262. 9:10he wrote an epistle that is part of the
  263. 9:12new testament
  264. 9:13the jewish historian josephus was his
  265. 9:15contemporary and mentions
  266. 9:17saint james's martyrdom the apostle john
  267. 9:22the apostle john also called the john
  268. 9:24the evangelist
  269. 9:26was the youngest of the apostles lived
  270. 9:28the longest
  271. 9:29and was the only one who was not
  272. 9:30martyred he wrote four books
  273. 9:33in the new testament the gospel that
  274. 9:35bears his name
  275. 9:36three epistles in the book of revelation
  276. 9:39christ
  277. 9:39entrusted to him the carry care of mary
  278. 9:42his mother which is recorded in
  279. 9:44john 19 26 and 27 he preached in asia
  280. 9:48minor
  281. 9:49and died and was buried in ephesus all
  282. 9:51of which is in modern day turkey
  283. 9:55the apostle andrew he was the brother
  284. 9:59and fellow fisherman of saint peter he
  285. 10:01preached
  286. 10:02in the region of cythia on the northern
  287. 10:05shore of the black sea in modern-day
  288. 10:07ukraine and russia
  289. 10:09establishing numerous churches there he
  290. 10:12also established a church in the small
  291. 10:13town of byzantium
  292. 10:15which would later become constantinople
  293. 10:17the capital of the eastern roman empire
  294. 10:20he was martyred in nakaya modern day
  295. 10:22greece
  296. 10:25the apostle mark this apostle wrote the
  297. 10:27gospel
  298. 10:28that bears his name after the ascension
  299. 10:31of christ he
  300. 10:32traveled to egypt to proclaim the gospel
  301. 10:35he established the church in alexandria
  302. 10:37a major city in the roman world
  303. 10:39and became its first bishop he is
  304. 10:42considered the father of christianity in
  305. 10:44africa
  306. 10:45and is honored by orthodox and coptic
  307. 10:46christians there he was martyred around
  308. 10:48the year
  309. 10:4968 a.d the apostle thomas
  310. 10:54although he is often called doubting
  311. 10:55thomas for initially doubting christ's
  312. 10:58resurrection
  313. 10:58this apostle traveled the greatest
  314. 11:01distance to preach the gospel
  315. 11:03he traveled first to parthia which is in
  316. 11:05modern day iran
  317. 11:06and then to india he established several
  318. 11:09christian churches there
  319. 11:11and is still honored by indian
  320. 11:13christians as their patron saint
  321. 11:18towards the end of the first century the
  322. 11:20apostles were dying off
  323. 11:22all except for one saint john were
  324. 11:24martyred but each entrusted leadership
  325. 11:26of the churches in their area to
  326. 11:28successors
  327. 11:29these successors appointed by the
  328. 11:31apostles were called bishops
  329. 11:33and the word bishop is an english
  330. 11:35translation of the greek word
  331. 11:36episcopy which means overseers
  332. 11:39we see an example of this handoff of
  333. 11:42spiritual authority from saint paul to
  334. 11:44his protege
  335. 11:45saint timothy do not neglect the gift
  336. 11:48that is in you
  337. 11:49which was given to you by prophecy with
  338. 11:52the laying on of hands of the eldership
  339. 11:54you also see timothy receiving the
  340. 11:57being entrusted with the authority of
  341. 11:59churches under the apostle
  342. 12:00paul's care in that area paul tells to
  343. 12:03tells timothy
  344. 12:05hold fast the pattern of sound words
  345. 12:07which you have heard from me
  346. 12:08in faith and love which are in christ
  347. 12:10jesus
  348. 12:12the good thing that which was committed
  349. 12:14to you keep
  350. 12:15by the holy spirit who dwells in us
  351. 12:19he also says preach the word be ready in
  352. 12:22season and out of season
  353. 12:24convince rebuke exhort with all
  354. 12:27long-suffering and teaching
  355. 12:29the apostle peter also wrote about his
  356. 12:32approaching death
  357. 12:33and gave parting instructions to his
  358. 12:35successors
  359. 12:37yes i think it is right as long as i am
  360. 12:39in this tent
  361. 12:40to stir you up by reminding you knowing
  362. 12:43that shortly i must put off my tent
  363. 12:45just as our lord jesus christ showed me
  364. 12:50this faith and practice of the early
  365. 12:52christians are extensively
  366. 12:54extensively documented many major
  367. 12:56figures
  368. 12:57left a body of writings which give us a
  369. 12:59valuable glimpse into the
  370. 13:01church immediately after the apostles
  371. 13:04they are collectively known
  372. 13:06also as the apostolic fathers as we
  373. 13:08begin looking at this
  374. 13:09the late first and early second century
  375. 13:12fathers of the church
  376. 13:13and what they have to teach us about
  377. 13:14what the early church the earliest
  378. 13:16church was
  379. 13:17was like clement
  380. 13:20clement was bishop of rome lived in
  381. 13:23approximately 35 to 99 a.d
  382. 13:26his most important writing is the letter
  383. 13:28to the corinthians
  384. 13:30it was probably written while saint john
  385. 13:32was still alive
  386. 13:33in this letter he asserts his authority
  387. 13:35as bishop of rome
  388. 13:37over the church in corinth that church
  389. 13:39had deposed their priests
  390. 13:41and clement demanded that they be
  391. 13:43reinstated because they were ordained to
  392. 13:45their office by the apostles
  393. 13:48another father of that very early time
  394. 13:50was ignatius
  395. 13:53the birth of ignatius is unknown
  396. 13:56tradition holds that he was the little
  397. 13:58child held by christ
  398. 13:59in matthew 18 2 and 3 earning him the na
  399. 14:02the title of god bearer he was ordained
  400. 14:06bishop of antioch in syria and some
  401. 14:09early sources say he was ordained
  402. 14:12to his office by the apostle peter on
  403. 14:14his way to rome for trial
  404. 14:16he wrote a series of letters to churches
  405. 14:19on the christian faith and doctrine
  406. 14:22his writings emphasized the authority of
  407. 14:24the bishops over the church
  408. 14:25by virtue of their succession from the
  409. 14:27apostles
  410. 14:29he was martyred in the year 108.
  411. 14:33polycarp polycarp was a disciple of the
  412. 14:37apostle john
  413. 14:38who ordained him as the bishop of smyrna
  414. 14:40which is now
  415. 14:41in in modern-day turkey polycarp was a
  416. 14:44teacher and preacher
  417. 14:46some of his writings are preserved in
  418. 14:47quotations of him by his followers
  419. 14:50he was martyred at around the age of
  420. 14:52ninety
  421. 14:53his martyrdom was recorded and well
  422. 14:55preserved
  423. 14:57justin martyr lived in of approximately
  424. 15:01100 to 165 a.d
  425. 15:04he was a christian philosopher an
  426. 15:07apologist and by the way the word
  427. 15:09apologist and theologically means
  428. 15:11he was one who explained christianity to
  429. 15:14those who did not understand
  430. 15:15christianity was not saying i'm sorry
  431. 15:17for being a christian
  432. 15:18i want to make that clear he wrote
  433. 15:20several books the first important being
  434. 15:22first apology he appealed to roman the
  435. 15:25roman
  436. 15:26emperor antoninus to stop persecuting
  437. 15:28christians
  438. 15:29he defended christian morals and
  439. 15:31recognized some
  440. 15:32of the ancient philosophers as
  441. 15:34precursors of christianity
  442. 15:37his martyrdom was witnessed recorded and
  443. 15:40that witness
  444. 15:40written record of that still survives
  445. 15:44irenaeus irenaeus was the bishop of lyon
  446. 15:48in modern-day france
  447. 15:49he lived 130 to 202 a.d
  448. 15:52he was the disciple of polycarp and was
  449. 15:55a prolific defender of the christian
  450. 15:56faith against the heresies of his day
  451. 15:59he wrote a large book titled against
  452. 16:01heresies
  453. 16:02which described several varieties of
  454. 16:04gnosticism the chief opponent to
  455. 16:06christianity
  456. 16:08to irenaeus the truest sources of
  457. 16:11christian truth were the scriptures
  458. 16:13especially the gospels because they were
  459. 16:15written by
  460. 16:16apostles he emphasized that the bishops
  461. 16:19are the true successors of the apostles
  462. 16:23we look at the dirac ki the ki is a book
  463. 16:27whose name comes from the greek word
  464. 16:29teaching the full title of
  465. 16:31the book is the teaching of the twelve
  466. 16:33apostles
  467. 16:34and is dated between the late 90s to the
  468. 16:38early 100s a.d
  469. 16:40it is a guidebook of beliefs and
  470. 16:42practices in the earliest days of the
  471. 16:44church and was widely
  472. 16:45observed at the time
  473. 16:48we can see the extent of christianity by
  474. 16:51the end
  475. 16:52of the second century you can see how it
  476. 16:55started in
  477. 16:56basically a small area but it was
  478. 16:57already growing even in the midst of an
  479. 16:59era of
  480. 17:00of persecution so you see everything
  481. 17:02that is in orange
  482. 17:04is is an extension of the apostolic
  483. 17:08extent of the church which is in yellow
  484. 17:10so the church was growing at the time
  485. 17:12of the early church apostolic fathers
  486. 17:17tertullium tertullian lived
  487. 17:19approximately 155
  488. 17:20to 240 a.d and was the bishop of nor
  489. 17:23of carthage north africa he wrote
  490. 17:26numerous books defending christianity
  491. 17:28against its persecutors and heretics
  492. 17:30he is known for cr crafting the early
  493. 17:33language of the doctrine
  494. 17:34of the trinity his books on the trinity
  495. 17:38are immensely valuable later in life he
  496. 17:41joined
  497. 17:41a heretical group called the montanists
  498. 17:43for this reason
  499. 17:45he is not considered a saint or a father
  500. 17:47in the church
  501. 17:49that's why that what you're looking at
  502. 17:50there on the right is not an icon of him
  503. 17:52because he's not considered a saint
  504. 17:55but his works on the trinity were
  505. 17:57extremely valuable
  506. 17:59that brings us to carthage of cyprian of
  507. 18:01carthage
  508. 18:03like tertullian cyprian was born also in
  509. 18:06carthage north africa in 200 a.d
  510. 18:09he became the bishop of that city which
  511. 18:11underwent a severe wave of persecution
  512. 18:13by the romans
  513. 18:14during his episcopate when the person
  514. 18:17persecution subsided
  515. 18:20he consulted with the bishop of rome to
  516. 18:22determine what to do
  517. 18:23with those christians who had
  518. 18:24apostasized but now wished to return
  519. 18:27to the church this is a major issue
  520. 18:29during the 300-year period
  521. 18:30period of persecution he opposed groups
  522. 18:34that were excessively harsh
  523. 18:35and determined that any baptism in the
  524. 18:37name of the trinity was valid
  525. 18:39his roman the roman persecutions resumed
  526. 18:42and he himself was martyred
  527. 18:44in the year 258 a.d
  528. 18:47this brings us to alexander origin of
  529. 18:50alexandria
  530. 18:52living between 185 and 254 a.d
  531. 18:55origen was the premier christian
  532. 18:57philosopher and
  533. 18:58biblical scholar of the early church in
  534. 19:01his book first
  535. 19:01principles he drew upon greek philosophy
  536. 19:04to refute heresies and paganism
  537. 19:06and to advance the doctrine of the
  538. 19:08trinity he also
  539. 19:10created the hexapla which arranged the
  540. 19:13606
  541. 19:15old testament passages side by side in
  542. 19:18six
  543. 19:18languages with scholarly commentary so
  544. 19:21he was quite an academic
  545. 19:23and quite a biblical scholar one of the
  546. 19:25truest
  547. 19:26biblical scholars of his day
  548. 19:30athanasius was born in alexandria egypt
  549. 19:33he was ordained deacon in 321
  550. 19:35and rose to the position of patriarch of
  551. 19:37that city
  552. 19:38he wrote books against early heresies
  553. 19:41especially
  554. 19:42arianism when the pro-arians temporarily
  555. 19:45controlled the empire
  556. 19:46he was exiled numerous times in the
  557. 19:49desert he wrote about early monasticism
  558. 19:51and
  559. 19:53and teachings on why the incarnation of
  560. 19:56god
  561. 19:58was essential to human salvation
  562. 20:02he participated in the first ecumenical
  563. 20:05council
  564. 20:06as a deacon accompanying his bishop
  565. 20:07alexander of alexandria egypt
  566. 20:11who was objecting to the theology of one
  567. 20:13of his presbyters aries
  568. 20:15athanasius died in 373 a.d
  569. 20:20cyril of jerusalem was born in 315 a.d
  570. 20:24the year of his death is unclear he is
  571. 20:26best known for his catechetical homilies
  572. 20:28these were used to teach those adults
  573. 20:31preparing for baptism
  574. 20:32in the orthodox church they provided
  575. 20:35extraordinary insight into the faith and
  576. 20:37practice
  577. 20:38of the church at the time
  578. 20:42basil of caesarea also known orthodox is
  579. 20:44basil the great
  580. 20:45was born in 330 a.d and kept
  581. 20:48in the cappadocia region which is in
  582. 20:50modern-day turkey
  583. 20:52he was well educated and left a
  584. 20:54promising career in government
  585. 20:55to become the bishop of caesarea he was
  586. 20:58a prolific
  587. 20:59writer and wrote extensively on the
  588. 21:01trinity monasticism and against heresies
  589. 21:04he wrote the liturgy of saint basil
  590. 21:06which formed the basis
  591. 21:08of the sunday worship still used in the
  592. 21:10orthodox church today
  593. 21:12he died in 379 a.d
  594. 21:16gregory the theologian sometimes called
  595. 21:18gregory nazianzus or nazianzin
  596. 21:21was born in 329 a.d likes in basil he
  597. 21:24was well educated in philosophy
  598. 21:26and rhetoric at the university of athens
  599. 21:29he was ordained a priest and then became
  600. 21:31bishop of sasima
  601. 21:32in 372 and he eventually became our
  602. 21:35archbishop of constantinople he also
  603. 21:38wrote many books
  604. 21:39using his rich education to refute
  605. 21:42heresies
  606. 21:43and to explain the trinity and the
  607. 21:44nature of christ
  608. 21:46his five orations on the holy spirit
  609. 21:48were used by this ecumenical
  610. 21:50second ecumenical council which to
  611. 21:53pronounce that the holy spirit is god he
  612. 21:56died in 390 a.d
  613. 21:59john chrysostom you see his dates there
  614. 22:02347 to 407 407 a.d
  615. 22:06was the premier teacher excuse me
  616. 22:08preacher
  617. 22:09of the early church earning him the
  618. 22:11title chrysostom greek for the golden
  619. 22:13mouth
  620. 22:14he was given a classical education was
  621. 22:17ordained priest in 386
  622. 22:20in antioch and rose to the position of
  623. 22:23archbishop of constantinople
  624. 22:25he preached to thousands of people at a
  625. 22:27time most of his sermons survived today
  626. 22:30he edited edited the liturgy of saint
  627. 22:33basil to form the liturgy which bears
  628. 22:34his name
  629. 22:35the liturgy of saint john chrysostom is
  630. 22:39the standard liturgy of the orthodox
  631. 22:41church
  632. 22:41today since cyril of alexandria
  633. 22:46was born 375 and died in 444
  634. 22:50he became the patriarch of alexandria
  635. 22:52egypt
  636. 22:53his careful writings on the two natures
  637. 22:55of christ human and divine
  638. 22:57united into one person became the
  639. 22:59standard for the orthodox church ever
  640. 23:01since
  641. 23:02he was the prime theologian of the third
  642. 23:04ecumenical council
  643. 23:06against the heresy of nestorius
  644. 23:09now why pay attention to the early
  645. 23:11church fathers we orthodox do that more
  646. 23:14than
  647. 23:14any christian confession i know of we
  648. 23:17were we're very attuned to
  649. 23:19the ancientness of our faith or every
  650. 23:23sincere christian wants to know as much
  651. 23:25as possible about our lord jesus christ
  652. 23:28we read the gospels to read the most
  653. 23:30complete accounts of his life
  654. 23:32we read the epistles to get the possible
  655. 23:34understanding
  656. 23:35of what christ's birth life death and
  657. 23:38resurrection
  658. 23:39mean for us we also instinctively know
  659. 23:43that christ's followers knew him best
  660. 23:46who knew him better than his apostles
  661. 23:48who also knew that the apostles wrote
  662. 23:52we also know that the apostles wrote
  663. 23:54down only a part of what christ
  664. 23:56said and did saint john wrote
  665. 23:59and there are also many other things
  666. 24:01that jesus did
  667. 24:03which if they were written one by one i
  668. 24:05suppose that even the world itself could
  669. 24:07not contain
  670. 24:08all the books that would be written
  671. 24:13if a thousand years from now people
  672. 24:15wanted to know everything about your
  673. 24:17life where would they go
  674. 24:19of course they would start with your own
  675. 24:21sayings
  676. 24:22as reported by people who knew you best
  677. 24:24your parents siblings spouse
  678. 24:26children aunts uncles and cousins they
  679. 24:29would lend
  680. 24:30considerable amount of credibility about
  681. 24:32your life from the recollections and
  682. 24:34traditions
  683. 24:35of the generations that immediately
  684. 24:37follow you
  685. 24:38grandchildren and great grandchildren
  686. 24:40especially when all those recollections
  687. 24:42and traditions
  688. 24:43agree in almost everything they would
  689. 24:46place far less trust
  690. 24:48and sources that claim to know your life
  691. 24:51but are writing
  692. 24:52from fifteen hundred years after you
  693. 24:54lived
  694. 24:55they would be especially suspicious of
  695. 24:57people claiming to know about your life
  696. 24:59but their claims
  697. 25:01are radically different from the people
  698. 25:03who knew you best
  699. 25:04within a few generations of your life
  700. 25:08if we truly wish to know as much as
  701. 25:10possible
  702. 25:11about christ's teachings then our best
  703. 25:14source is to go to the writings of the
  704. 25:16students he taught
  705. 25:17i.e the gospels and the epistles if we
  706. 25:20wish to know more about christ beyond
  707. 25:22the official written biography then our
  708. 25:25next best source to go to
  709. 25:26is the students of christ's students and
  710. 25:29read what they heard
  711. 25:31then we would want to consult a few the
  712. 25:34next few generations that followed
  713. 25:35christ
  714. 25:37the father fathers of the early church
  715. 25:39are not raised to the level of scripture
  716. 25:41but they do offer a very trustworthy
  717. 25:43record of what christ
  718. 25:44taught from sources that are in a
  719. 25:46position to know
  720. 25:48they are extraordinarily consistent with
  721. 25:50each other as well as with the new
  722. 25:52testament
  723. 25:53the early church fathers are far more
  724. 25:55reliable sources of christ's teachings
  725. 25:58than those who claim to know what christ
  726. 25:59taught fifteen hundred plus
  727. 26:02years later this is especially true when
  728. 26:04the claims made from fifteen hundred
  729. 26:06years later
  730. 26:07are wildly different from what christ's
  731. 26:09immediate successors
  732. 26:11report another reason to pay attention
  733. 26:14to the early church fathers
  734. 26:16is their writings are extremely
  735. 26:17voluminous this may come as a surprise
  736. 26:19to many people
  737. 26:20i always thought that as growing up that
  738. 26:24we didn't really know much about the
  739. 26:25first few centuries
  740. 26:26of the the christian church and the
  741. 26:29writers
  742. 26:30and the theologians and preachers and
  743. 26:32teachers of the church
  744. 26:33when actually the amount of information
  745. 26:35we have on that era
  746. 26:37is quite extensive you see here a
  747. 26:40example of this is a well-known series
  748. 26:43that anyone could buy
  749. 26:44it's called the complete anti-nicene and
  750. 26:47nicene and post nicene early church
  751. 26:49fathers collection
  752. 26:51three series 37 volumes 65
  753. 26:54authors a thousand books 18 000
  754. 26:58chapters and 16 million words
  755. 27:01so anyone who wants to investigate and
  756. 27:03see what the early church was really
  757. 27:05like
  758. 27:06both what they believed and what their
  759. 27:08practices were
  760. 27:09it's you can go to you can buy this or
  761. 27:12look it up online
  762. 27:14in various places and you can see
  763. 27:16exactly anyone can look for themselves
  764. 27:17exactly what the early church was like
  765. 27:20how it was formed what they believed and
  766. 27:22what they practiced
  767. 27:25finally the writings of the early church
  768. 27:26fathers are extremely orthodox
  769. 27:29everything we believe and practice can
  770. 27:31be found
  771. 27:32in the church fathers of the first four
  772. 27:34centuries
  773. 27:36the trinity the human and divine natures
  774. 27:38of christ
  775. 27:39church government by bishops through
  776. 27:41apostolic succession
  777. 27:42liturgical worship baptismal
  778. 27:44regeneration
  779. 27:46the real presence of christ and the
  780. 27:47eucharist confession
  781. 27:49mary and the saints icons monasticism
  782. 27:52the canonization of the bible they are
  783. 27:55all there
  784. 27:56anyone can read them if they want to we
  785. 27:58will explore the continuity between the
  786. 28:00early church fathers
  787. 28:01and the orthodox church in our next
  788. 28:04class
  789. 28:06here is my email address if you have any
  790. 28:09questions or concerns
  791. 28:10please feel free to write me if i will
  792. 28:13make every effort to respond to
  793. 28:15these emails that i get from you you can
  794. 28:17also
  795. 28:18make a comment on the comments section
  796. 28:21on the youtube website
  797. 28:23have a blessed day and please join us
  798. 28:26in following classes on the introduction
  799. 28:29to orthodoxy

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