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Improve your English Grammar in One Hour | Basic English Grammar — Transcript

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0:00Hey guys, welcome to a very, very, very
0:02important class. Today, we're going to
0:04talk about grammar. I know it is your
0:07favorite topic, and this is why we're
0:09going to start with prepositions. Then,
0:11we're going to talk about some basic
0:13grammar rules, and of course, we're
0:15going to talk about articles. Is it a or
0:18is it the? We're going to talk about
0:20that, and we're going to wrap up this
0:22class by talking about tenses in
0:25English. So, if you're learning English,
0:27this class is for you. Let's start. When
0:30I first arrived in the US, I was super
0:32confused about some prepositions. Like,
0:35am I at the farmers market or in the
0:38farmers market? My billboard was on
0:41Times Square or in Times Square? I am at
0:45the hotel or I'm in the hotel? These
0:48prepositions are very confusing, but
0:50first of all, whichever preposition you
0:52decide to use, native speakers are going
0:54to understand you. No one's going to
0:56tell you, "No, no, no, this is the wrong
0:58preposition." Like, if you're talking to
0:59native speakers, normally, no one would
1:02tell you that something is wrong. But,
1:04if you're taking a test, yes, this is
1:06where problems might start cuz this is
1:09where you will get lower points if you
1:11make mistakes. So, let's start with
1:13prepositions in English. Okay, let's
1:16start with at versus in. The rule that
1:20you have to remember, in is used with
1:23major, big things, like countries,
1:27cities, continents. I was born in
1:31Europe. Well, St. Petersburg is kind of
1:33Eastern Europe. I consider it Europe. He
1:35was born in Italy. He was born in Rome.
1:38I was born in Liverpool in a railroad
1:40switch house.
1:41We use at with smaller, insignificant
1:46places. So, I'm at the farmers market
1:49cuz farmers market is relatively small.
1:52Same with buildings. I'm at the airport.
1:55I'm going to meet you at the restaurant.
1:58With small, insignificant things, we're
2:01using at.
2:02Work at the university stadium.
2:05I'm a security guard.
2:07The next set of rules is regarding all
2:10versus all of. So, we use all of when we
2:14have pronouns. Pronouns are us, they,
2:18them, me, you. Those are all pronouns.
2:20So, we say all of us are going to Malibu
2:25next week. All of them have completed
2:28their TOEFL test. So, whenever it's a
2:30pronoun, we have all of.
2:32All of me.
2:33However, in all other cases, we have
2:36all. All the people are forced to stay
2:39at home. All the students have to wear
2:42masks. All the children need to stay at
2:45home.
2:46All the gods, all the heavens.
2:48By the way, guys, if you're looking for
2:50a manual or like a book for grammar, my
2:54team and I have created a grammar book
2:56with all the necessary rules that you
2:58need. We have prepositions, we have
3:00tenses, we have conditionals. Oh my god,
3:02I hate conditionals. What would have
3:04happened if he had come 5 minutes
3:06earlier? Like, all of those clauses and
3:09consequences. All of that is explained
3:12in a very simple manner. It's a very,
3:15very visual grammar book that you can
3:17use every single day when you are doing
3:19something in English, when you have this
3:21question, "Oh my god, what do I use
3:22here?" Our grammar book would be there
3:24to help you. Moreover, if you want more
3:26practice, we have a special practice
3:29exercise book created specifically for
3:32this grammar book. So, you can read the
3:33topic on a specific grammar rule and
3:36then practice that grammar rule. It's a
3:39very affordable manual created by me and
3:41my team. It's brand new, it's fresh, no
3:44old-fashioned words, no old-fashioned
3:47rules. I use it all the time with my
3:48students when I'm creating different
3:50classes. The link will be below. Please
3:52make sure to download it, print it out,
3:54or you can use a PDF on your computer or
3:56your iPad. I by the way love using iPad
3:58Pro, where you can write things
4:01inside the PDF with a pen. But it's up
4:03to you, whatever you have at home, or
4:04you just print it out and have it on
4:06your desk at all times, because this is
4:09something you can consult when you have
4:11any questions regarding grammar. Again,
4:12the link will be below. Thank you so
4:14much for downloading it, and it would
4:16really help you go through my videos as
4:18well. The next section in
4:21versus on versus at when we're talking
4:25about time. So, when we talk about
4:27general measurements, like I'll be there
4:29in 2 minutes. I'll see you in 2 days.
4:33We're going to travel abroad in 2
4:36months. So, this in is used with general
4:39measurements.
4:40I'll be there in 20 minutes.
4:42However, when we have a specific date
4:45and time,
4:46we use on and at. I will see you on
4:49Monday at 12:00 p.m. The classes start
4:52on September 21st.
4:54I'll go now if I may.
4:57We'll see you on Friday.
4:58And remember that in is also used with a
5:01year. I was born in 1990. He will come
5:04back in 2025.
5:06That was in 1994.
5:09Beside versus besides. So, beside is a
5:13preposition that means nearby. We were
5:16camping beside the river. We were
5:19camping on the shore, right? We're
5:21really close to the river and we're
5:23camping there.
5:24Beside the white chickens.
5:27Besides as an adverb and preposition
5:30that means in addition to. Besides, we
5:33need your support in this venture. So,
5:35this is something you would start your
5:36sentence with. Besides two suitcases,
5:39I'm taking three boxes with me. So, it
5:41means in addition to my boxes, I'm
5:43taking my suitcases.
5:45You mean beside my marriage?
5:47Among versus between. Among is used when
5:51you have a group of objects or people,
5:54usually three or more. She's very
5:57popular among her classmates. She's a
5:59very popular girl, right? I can't choose
6:02among all your t-shirts. You have like
6:0430 in your closet. Oh my god.
6:07among our homes
6:09Between is when you have two objects. I
6:12can't decide between going to the cinema
6:14and uh staying at home.
6:16between us
6:19On versus upon. They're actually
6:22interchangeable. You can use both, but
6:25upon is really formal and old-fashioned.
6:28Remember this, once upon a time there
6:30was this little girl lived in the
6:32forest, blah blah blah. All the fairy
6:34tales will start like that. Put your
6:35book on a table. We would usually just
6:37use on uh in this context. To versus
6:41than. There are several words that can
6:43only be followed by to. And these words
6:47are senior, junior, prefer, prior,
6:51superior, inferior, preferable. He is
6:55senior to me in service, right? We're
6:58using to. I prefer coffee to tea. I like
7:02coffee more. He is superior to me in
7:06terms of grades, which means he's higher
7:08than me.
7:09Is Matthew superior to me?
7:11So with these we use to. In other cases,
7:14we use than. He's better than me. She's
7:17more beautiful than me, etc.
7:19You're no better than he is.
7:22In versus into. We use in when we have a
7:25person, an animal, or an object located
7:28in a location. I was sitting in the
7:30classroom. He was in the house when the
7:33policeman came.
7:34Here he is in your office.
7:36We use into in a sense of coming toward
7:39something. He came into my office. So he
7:42was kind of entering a closed space and
7:46he was moving toward me. So, he came
7:48into my office. We're driving into
7:51garage. So, this is this movement
7:54inside. Then, we use into.
7:56Came into the store.
7:58For versus since. For measures a period,
8:02since marks the start date. I've been
8:05vlogging for 5 years already. I've been
8:08vlogging since 2014. It's actually six.
8:11Wow. I've been following Lingua Marina.
8:14Wow, this is a great example for you to
8:16practice. Write this down below. Two
8:18sentences. I've been following Lingua
8:20Marina for 2 years. I've been following
8:23Lingua Marina since 2018 when I first
8:26saw her video about tofu. By the way,
8:29guys, let me know. When did you first
8:31start watching me and why? What was that
8:33video that grabbed your attention and
8:35made you subscribe and made you follow
8:36me? This would be really useful for my
8:38future videos cuz I would make sure I
8:40produce more content that attracts
8:42people's attention. Please comment down
8:44below and thank you so much for doing
8:46that and thank you so much for
8:47practicing your English down in comments
8:49below. Agree with versus agree to. Agree
8:53with is used for agreement with a
8:55person. I agree with you. We need to
8:58practice English daily. I agree with our
9:01president that we need to support our
9:03economy.
9:04I agree with Dinesh.
9:06Agree to is used for agreement to a
9:09plan, proposal, or idea. I agree to your
9:12proposal. Let's start a company
9:14together. I agree to your idea to share
9:18this video with all of my friends.
9:21He'll agree to anything.
9:23Now, let's talk about to versus for. The
9:26first thing that we're going to do,
9:27we're going to talk about when we use
9:29to. The first case when we use to is
9:32when we're talking about a destination.
9:34I I going to Germany to Germany at the
9:38end of April. I'm going to Munich by the
9:40way. Or there is another example. We are
9:42going to a restaurant tonight. To a
9:46restaurant. Cuz this is a direction.
9:49I'm not going to back out of that. I
9:51want to go to Spain.
9:53Second case.
9:54If we're talking about time and if we're
9:56talking in British English, what they
9:58love to say it's a quarter to two, which
10:01means 1:45. Like Americans, well, I've
10:04never heard Americans saying quarter to
10:06two or 20 to two. And when I first heard
10:09in Great Britain, I was a little
10:11confused, but they say that a lot. It's
10:13quarter to two. Americans would say it's
10:161:45 cuz quarter is 15 minutes. And
10:19there is a second case of using to with
10:21time. For example, the restaurant is
10:24open from Monday to Friday. So we can
10:26kind of replace to with until and this
10:29is another way to use it. So, for
10:31example, the restaurant is open until
10:335:00 p.m. or the restaurant is open from
10:369:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. And this is when
10:39we use to.
10:40But I do Monday, Wednesday, Friday from
10:427:00 to 9:00.
10:43When we compare something. I prefer
10:45traveling to sitting at a home. I prefer
10:48sleeping to working. I prefer watching
10:51Marina's videos
10:53to
10:54sitting by myself.
10:56I prefer metaphysics to theology.
10:59The next type of use is when we're
11:00talking about a receiver of an action. I
11:03gave my book to my follower. I send a
11:07letter to my friend. I wrote an email to
11:11my colleague.
11:13To me, GIVE IT TO ME.
11:15And last but not the least, when you
11:17want to express a reason for your
11:19action. For example, I came here to see
11:23you. I did it to make more money. I've
11:26started learning English to get a job
11:28promotion. So we're explaining why we've
11:31started doing something and this is when
11:33we use to.
11:34I came to see you.
11:35Now, let's move on to talking about for.
11:38You see what I've just used? Let's move
11:40on to talking because what it is, this
11:42is our direction. We're moving to the
11:45next section of our class. We're talking
11:47about for now. When we talk about
11:49benefits, we use for. So, for example,
11:51you're doing something for your health
11:53or for the benefit of your parent. Um I
11:56bought a gift for my friend. I stopped
11:59eating gluten for the benefit of my
12:02health.
12:02Why you can't be good for my health?
12:04For also indicates periods of times.
12:07I've been living in the US for 4 years.
12:10Uh I've been learning English for
12:12several months now. I've been watching
12:14Lingua Marina channel for over 2 years
12:18and I love her content. She's amazing.
12:20She's the best influencer out there.
12:22Oh, you are being modest.
12:25Also, when we talk about schedule, we
12:27use for. I made an appointment with my
12:30doctor for March 13th. March 13th is my
12:34birthday. I'd rather reschedule it for
12:36March 14th. Your flight is scheduled for
12:39May 31st.
12:42Again, we're talking about schedule.
12:43A hearing is scheduled for today.
12:45We also use for to express a reason. He
12:49was fired from job for being constantly
12:52late. He has been late so many times and
12:55he's been fired for that. Or she's been
12:58promoted
13:00for her good English cuz her English
13:03reached a certain level and she
13:05qualified for a promotion. And we also
13:07use for to express a purpose of
13:09something. Marina creates videos for
13:12improving your English. You watch my
13:14videos for improving your language.
13:17I travel a lot for work.
13:18There are also cases when to and for can
13:21be both used. Let's talk about some
13:24examples so I I illustrate this better.
13:26Let's compare two examples. He's
13:28studying English for work. He is
13:30studying English to be able to talk to
13:34his American friends.
13:35So, what we've noticed here is that we
13:37use for with a noun.
13:39He learns English for fun. He learns
13:42English for work. He learns English for
13:44his master's degree. But, when we have a
13:47verb, we say to. He learns English to
13:50talk to his friends in the US. He learns
13:52English to get a job promotion. He
13:54learns English to study abroad. See the
13:57difference? Now, let's move on to
13:59another example when both two and four
14:01can be used. My friend brought lunch to
14:04me.
14:05My friend brought lunch for me.
14:08Now, both are correct, but they have
14:10slightly different meanings. My friend
14:13brought lunch to me, we're talking about
14:14direction. He brought lunch to my
14:16apartment, put it on my table, and I
14:18started eating. But, when we say my
14:20friend bought lunch for me, we really
14:23want to emphasize that he's doing
14:25something nice for me. Uh he thought
14:27about me when he was getting lunch, so
14:29he got one for me. Apologize can be used
14:33with both two and four because you
14:35apologize for something, for something
14:37that you've done. I apologize for
14:38breaking your cup. I apologize for this
14:41video being too short, but you apologize
14:43to someone. I apologize to you for this
14:46video being too short. I apologize to my
14:49friend uh for forgetting about her
14:52birthday.
14:52I apologize for the language.
14:54Apologize to you.
14:55Travel to and travel for. I travel to
14:59Russia. I travel to Paris. I travel to
15:02Germany. But, I travel for work. I
15:06travel to Russia for LinguaFest, which
15:10is a festival by my company. I travel to
15:13Germany for meetings.
15:16You see, uh so for uh is for the reason,
15:19two is for the destination.
15:21Yes, you must travel to France
15:22immediately and put that directly into
15:24the hands of the king and him alone.
15:26Men can travel for work, families unite.
15:28Wait for or wait to. Wait for someone or
15:33something. I'm waiting for the concert
15:35tonight. I am waiting for my dad to come
15:38and visit us in California. But you wait
15:41to do something. I cannot wait to see my
15:45family in Russia or I cannot wait to
15:48travel this summer.
15:50Wait for me.
15:51Wait for
15:52I cannot wait to show you this.
15:54When we use ask, we normally use for.
15:56Ask for something. Can I ask you for a
15:59cup of tea, please?
16:01Uh can I ask you for a favor?
16:04Don't ask for permission, ask for
16:07forgiveness.
16:08When we talk about belonging, we
16:09normally say to. It belongs to me. It
16:13belongs to you and never belong for, so
16:15don't say that.
16:16She belong to me.
16:18When we say care, we care for somebody.
16:21I care for my dog. I care for Alex. I
16:24care for my family.
16:25You care for him.
16:27And the last but not the least, when
16:28we're saying prepare, we'll always say
16:30prepare for something. I will need to
16:32prepare for the festival.
16:34Prepare for battle.
16:35Let's do a quick quiz. He lives
16:3813 Long Street and you have to select
16:40either in, on, or at. I'm visiting my
16:44grandma on, in, at a hospital.
16:48I like traveling to,
16:51in, at a train.
16:54Now you're going to get the right
16:55answers at the end of this video, but
16:57make sure you write your answers down so
17:00you can check yourself later. Now let's
17:02talk about some rules. The first rule is
17:04when we use at. At is used with a very
17:07exact place. Think small building. Like
17:09something that is small, you would
17:11always use at. At the door, at the
17:14hospital, at school, at the university,
17:17at the table, at the door. So, something
17:20specific would always be at. But, when
17:22you're thinking about big things like, I
17:24don't know, Panama or Guatemala or St.
17:28Petersburg or London, you would never
17:29say at because at only applies to
17:32smaller things. And London, Panama,
17:34Guatemala, those huge geographical
17:36locations. So, you can't be at London.
17:38You're in London.
17:39In London, yeah.
17:40But, I'm at the desk, I am at home, I'm
17:44at my studio, I am at the bus stop, etc.
17:48At this university.
17:50At the door.
17:51At school.
17:53We use on
17:54with streets and avenues. I live on Park
17:59Avenue.
18:00On North Avenue.
18:01I live on Green Street. So, on is always
18:04with the street. But, please remember
18:06there always exceptions. Like, if you're
18:07talking about university and you're
18:09talking about campus, you say, "I live
18:11on campus."
18:12On campus.
18:13Campus is this location where you have
18:15your dorms, you have your classes, you
18:17have your restaurants, cafeterias, etc.
18:19So, on campus would be an exception, but
18:21normally on is only used with streets.
18:25Now, when we're talking about the
18:26street, there is another thing to
18:28remember. When we have a number, then we
18:30use at. I live at 13 Green Street.
18:34At 45 Dunstan Street.
18:35But, when we don't have a number like,
18:37I'm asking you, "Where are you right
18:39now?" And you're answering, "I'm on
18:40Market Street." You don't give me a
18:42number and then use on.
18:44On Green Street.
18:45So, at is used when we give the full
18:47address, street number, etc. On is when
18:51we just mention the street. And when we
18:52talk about something bigger than the
18:55street, we use the preposition in. So,
18:57for example, you have different parts of
18:59town. We are having lunch in Chinatown
19:03or we are having lunch in Nob Hill. This
19:06is like a district here in San
19:08Francisco. With cities, as I already
19:10mentioned, I live in London.
19:12I live in London. I live in New York.
19:14You live in New York.
19:14We have been in New York for 2 weeks. We
19:17are in Los Altos Hills. With states, I
19:20live in California.
19:22I live in California.
19:24With parts of countries, my friend spent
19:27vacation in the south of India. With
19:29countries, I used to live in Russia.
19:32In Russia.
19:33With continents, my sister is in Africa.
19:36I love being in Africa.
19:38So, to sum things up, we use at with
19:41specific locations, on with less
19:44specific locations like streets, and in
19:47with bigger locations like cities,
19:49towns, countries, parts of countries. If
19:52you're already feeling overwhelmed with
19:54what's going on and we haven't yet
19:56started the most interesting part of the
19:58video where I'm going to explain more
20:00things about prepositions, I would
20:02highly recommend a book called Grammar
20:04Is All You Need. It is produced by my
20:06company called LinguaTrip by certified
20:08teachers. This is a handbook that covers
20:11all the necessary topics in English
20:13grammar, and it has a chapter on
20:16prepositions, has chapter on tenses,
20:18chapter on grammar rules, and it's not
20:20just rules. We all get bored by those
20:23boring textbooks. In this book, just
20:25like in all of my videos, we try to come
20:27up with different life hacks so you
20:28could understand everything better. And
20:31also, it's not just you reading the
20:32material. We have included a lot of
20:34exercises so you could practice things
20:36because with grammar, it's like if you
20:38just watch this video and you switch it
20:40off and you don't practice, it just goes
20:42away. Like, well, there's something in
20:44the back of your mind, but it really
20:45goes away. And because you're watching
20:47this video, first of all, you're getting
20:4866% off this workbook, and second, you
20:52get a free chapter on prepositions
20:54because I really want you to remember
20:56these prepositions that we learned. So,
20:58if you follow the link below, you're
21:00going to be able to receive a free
21:01chapter and 66% off the Grammar Is All
21:04You Need workbook. This workbook has 16
21:07chapters on the most important topics of
21:09the English grammar done by my company
21:12done by LinguaTrip with love, with
21:15passion for you guys, with passion for
21:17English. Again, the link is in
21:18description below, 66% off and free
21:21chapter on English prepositions,
21:23something that we cover in this video so
21:24you could practice, so you can print it
21:26out, put it on your desk, and never ever
21:29forget what's the right way to use
21:31prepositions in English. The link is
21:33below. Now, let's move a little further
21:35with our prepositions. I gave you some
21:37basic rules, but now we're going to
21:39explore more examples. In is also used
21:44when we are talking about an enclosed
21:46space. Something that has a roof,
21:48something that has walls.
21:50In a car, in a box, in a building. I am
21:53waiting for you in my car.
21:56They're in a car.
21:57Can you please help me find a pen in
22:00this box?
22:00In a box.
22:01Don't put your wallet in a pocket. Now,
22:03listen carefully right now. We're moving
22:05to on, and uh we use on with a bus, on a
22:08bus. And you might ask, "Marina, but why
22:11in a car but on a bus?" Wait a minute,
22:14I'm going to explain. The other words
22:16that we use on with are words that
22:19represent surface, like this table is a
22:23surface.
22:24On a table. Your floor is a surface, on
22:27the floor. Wall behind me is also
22:29surface, on the wall. We also use on
22:32when we talk about left and right, on
22:34the left, on the right. Or vice versa,
22:37depending on
22:38whatever you see. I think it's on the
22:40left for you, on the right for for you.
22:42Next to or along the side of a river,
22:45for example. Cambridge is on the River
22:48Cam. Now, interesting part, why in a car
22:52but on a bus? In is used with means of
22:54transportation where you can't stand up.
22:58Oh my god, English, you're so
23:00complicated. So, you can't stand up in
23:03the car, so you say in a car. You can't
23:05stand up in a helicopter, but you can
23:08stand up on an airplane. So,
23:10on an airplane, in a helicopter.
23:13On a bus, in a car.
23:15On the bus, in a car.
23:19In a taxi, cuz you can't stand up in a
23:21taxi. I know, guys. This is why I
23:23recommend having something like a
23:25grammar book, so you can refer to
23:27things, or at least have a script of
23:29this video in front of your eyes. On a
23:32ship, on a boat, on a plane, on a train.
23:36We use on with a means of transport
23:38where we can stand up.
23:41We can stand up on a plane. We can stand
23:43up on a bus. We can stand up on a boat.
23:47And also, maybe another hint, we use on
23:50with a means of transportation where
23:52there is no roof.
23:54On a horse, on a boat. Boat doesn't have
23:56a roof, normally. You can have both, but
23:59on a boat. So, normally you don't have a
24:01roof on top of you when you're on the
24:03upper deck. On a bike. You can't really
24:06stand up on a bike, but it doesn't have
24:07a roof, so it's on a bike.
24:09On your bike.
24:10On a boat.
24:11Another thing that can be super, super,
24:13super confusing for you guys. Sometimes
24:16you hear in a hospital, and sometimes
24:18you hear at a hospital. Both of those
24:20are grammatically correct, but guess
24:22what? They have a different meaning. So,
24:24when you're saying I'm in a hospital,
24:26that means you're a patient. You're
24:27actually receiving treatment. I don't
24:30remember the accident. I just remember
24:31waking up in a hospital.
24:33My uncle is in the hospital right now
24:35receiving treatment for his, I don't
24:38know, acne. I don't know if you go to
24:39hospital for that, but he broke a leg.
24:42He's in a hospital. Let's do that. I'm
24:43giving birth in a hospital. But, you can
24:46also say I'm at the hospital, but that
24:48would mean that you're just doing
24:49something there, that you're not a
24:51patient. I am visiting my uncle at the
24:55hospital. Because you're at the hospital
24:57not as a patient receiving treatment,
24:59you're a guest visiting your uncle. In
25:01college, my brother volunteered at a
25:03local hospital. Again, he wasn't a
25:05patient. This is why we use at the
25:07hospital. The same goes for school,
25:10museum, library, or any other
25:14institution. And we also use at with
25:16events. I'm at the Lady Gaga concert.
25:19Okay, guys, I hope it wasn't super
25:21confusing for you. Again, if you want to
25:23make sure you remember all the
25:25prepositions, make sure to follow the
25:26link below and download the free chapter
25:28of the grammar book. And if you feel
25:30like you're willing to invest in your
25:32education, just a little sum of money
25:34using 66% off the grammar book will be
25:37even cheaper for you because you're
25:38watching this video. And now, let's
25:40check your test. I guess you already
25:44know everything, but let's do it
25:45anyways. He lives
25:47at 13 Lawn Street because we give the
25:50full address. We give the number and the
25:52street address. I'm visiting my grandma
25:54at the hospital. Why? Because I'm not a
25:57patient, she's a patient. My grandma is
25:59in the hospital receiving treatment, and
26:02I'm visiting her at the hospital because
26:04I am not a patient. I like traveling on
26:08a train. You can also say I love
26:10traveling by train, but this is another
26:12topic for another video. Here, because
26:14we remember that we can stand up on the
26:16train, we use on.
26:18I like to travel on a train. This class
26:20is going to be about basic grammar,
26:24something that you should have learned
26:26while back at school. You might have
26:28forgotten basic grammar, but this is why
26:31I am here because we're going to talk
26:33about really important things. Parts of
26:35speech, noun, pronoun, verb, what does
26:38that mean?
26:39Basic tenses that you have to know. And
26:41third is word order. And if you watch
26:44this video up to the very end, if you
26:46understand the concept, if you learn
26:48them, there is 99% chance that you would
26:51be able to speak English at a level
26:54where you can explain what you need,
26:56explain what you're doing for life, or
26:59even work with people. Because what
27:01we're going to talk about creates
27:03foundation for your language. So, please
27:06make sure you listen carefully. Let's do
27:09it. First of all, let's talk about parts
27:12of speech. We have nouns.
27:16These are our objects or subjects. Cat,
27:20dog,
27:22mom,
27:24table.
27:25These are all nouns. Pronouns. These are
27:29words
27:30that substitute a noun to avoid
27:32repetition. Cat,
27:35he, dog. Let's say she, mom. She, table.
27:40It. Then if we have plural, they,
27:43we,
27:45etc. Verb.
27:47We use verbs to express actions. Go,
27:52read, eat.
27:54Adjective. Now, here listen carefully.
27:57Adjectives are used to describe nouns.
28:02Cuz we're going to talk about adverbs
28:04later, and those are used to describe
28:07actions or adjectives.
28:10This is where it gets a bit complicated,
28:12but I really want you to understand the
28:13difference between adjectives and
28:15adverbs, because sometimes you use them
28:18in a wrong way, and I use them in a
28:19wrong way sometimes. But we want to be
28:21grammatically correct. So, adjective is
28:24used to describe nouns or pronouns,
28:27right? We use adjectives to answer
28:29questions like, which one?
28:33What kind of? How many? How much? And
28:36the examples are old, new,
28:40beautiful, smart, etc.
28:44Adverbs
28:46describing actions, right? Adverbs
28:49answer questions like when, where,
28:52how, and very often our adverbs end with
28:56-ly.
28:57Care-
28:59-fully.
29:01Slowly.
29:03But not always. Fast
29:05is also an adverb.
29:07Finally. Now, fast can be both adjective
29:10and adverb. If we look at a couple of
29:13examples, he is fast. We use fast to
29:16describe a pronoun,
29:19then it's an adjective. But if we say he
29:20runs really fast, we're actually
29:22describing a verb, and in this case it's
29:25an adverb.
29:26Just so you know. Then we have our
29:28prepositions. We place a preposition
29:31before a noun to modify the phrase.
29:34About, above, across, on, etc.
29:39Conjunction. This is a joining word that
29:42we use to connect sentences or different
29:45parts of one sentence. But, and,
29:49however, after,
29:52although,
29:53etc. And the last but not the least,
29:56articles, a and the. I know that you mix
30:00them up. If you do mix them up, I have a
30:02video explaining how to not mix them up.
30:05A or an and the. Basically, we use a or
30:10an to mention a thing that we haven't
30:12talked about before.
30:14There is a mug on my desk, but if I'm
30:18talking about one particular mug that
30:20I've already mentioned in the
30:21conversation,
30:22I would say,
30:24there is black tea in the mug, in the
30:27mug that I mentioned before. A lot of
30:29people are telling me, "Marina, I want
30:31this one resource where I can go and
30:34answer all of my questions regarding
30:36English grammar." Or, "Marina, can you
30:39recommend a book that I can have on my
30:41desk, and whenever I have a question,
30:43whenever I have an idea, oh my god, I
30:45want to learn this, I go to this book.
30:47My team and I have created a grammar
30:49book that covers the most important
30:52aspects of English grammar. It has a
30:54chapter on articles, nouns,
30:57prepositions, adjectives. And it's not
30:59just a book with a set of rules. We
31:01tried and gathered the life hacks that
31:03we use, that our students use to
31:06memorize everything better, to
31:08understand everything better. So, it's
31:10not just you reading it only like, "How
31:12does that work?" It has real-life
31:14examples. It has real-life explanations.
31:17And students have left the most amazing
31:19reviews about this grammar book. And if
31:21you want to take one extra step, you can
31:25get a workbook together with this
31:26grammar book, which means that
31:29you learn something new, and then you
31:31have exercises to apply your knowledge
31:33and answers to check yourself. We made
31:35this handbook really affordable and
31:37really content-heavy, so that you get
31:40real value for money. The link will be
31:42down below. Thank you so much for
31:44upgrading your English language skills
31:46and buying this one-stop-shop book that
31:49would answer all of your questions. Now,
31:52let's talk about basic tenses. We're
31:53going to talk about three tenses:
31:55present, past, and future. Some people
31:58would argue
31:59these three tenses are enough to speak
32:01English. They are kind of enough, but of
32:03course, native speakers use all the
32:05tenses. Doesn't mean they understand the
32:08construction because they learn
32:09everything as kids, but I'm going to
32:11explain the basic structure to you cuz,
32:13you know, we're not native speakers and
32:15we don't have this advantage. Now,
32:17present simple tense is used to describe
32:19habits. I drink coffee every morning,
32:22schedules. The train leaves at 5:00 p.m.
32:25and general truths. Ice is cold. One
32:28thing to remember is that in English,
32:30there should always be noun or pronoun
32:32in a sentence, and there always should
32:34be a verb. So, for example, if we say,
32:38"I drink coffee every morning," then the
32:40action is drink. Sometimes we don't have
32:43action, sometimes we just describe
32:44something. And in this case, ice is
32:48cold, our verb is is. We use past tense
32:52to describe something that happened in
32:53the past. So, basically, your verb
32:56gets either ED on the end, I walked, or
33:01if it's an irregular verb, then you just
33:03have to learn it.
33:05She went home.
33:07He drank a glass of beer. And the future
33:11tense is, of course, used to describe
33:13our future. In this case, we just put
33:15will before our verb. She will come
33:19back. Let's talk about word word word.
33:23Let's talk about word order in a
33:25sentence in English. First of all, we
33:28have a subject,
33:31which is a noun or pronoun. Then we have
33:34a verb, our action. And then, if we
33:38needed, we have an object, which is
33:40normally a noun or pronoun, as well. So,
33:42let me give you a quick example. She
33:45subject smiled at a boy. And then, if we
33:49need to describe our action
33:51with an adverb, remember, adverbs
33:54describe verbs, we put it right before
33:57the verb. For example, she briefly
34:00smiled at a boy. So, the adverb comes
34:03here. And then, if we have adjectives
34:06that describe a noun, then they come
34:08right before the noun.
34:11She smiled at a little boy. Of course,
34:13this rule is very basic. The more you
34:15learn, the better you become. But,
34:17there's one last thing I wanted to tell
34:18you. Don't make this mistake.
34:22Let's look at these three sentences.
34:25They often play tennis.
34:27Correct.
34:29They play tennis often. Also correct.
34:32They play often tennis. This is
34:34incorrect because adverb
34:37can never be put between a verb and an
34:40object. So, this is wrong. Just remember
34:43because this sounds This sounds a little
34:45weird. All right, guys. I have a
34:47question for you. Do you have articles
34:50in your language? My language is Russian
34:53and in Russian we don't have any
34:55articles. We don't say a, we don't say
34:57the.
34:58We don't say anything when we refer to
35:01nouns. It's just the noun, right?
35:04In English we have articles and my
35:06problem and I I still think I have it. I
35:09miss articles sometimes. Sometimes I
35:11just avoid them in general just because
35:13they do not exist in my native language
35:15and I remember when I was 16 and I
35:18thought I was like super advanced in
35:19English when I came to the UK, my friend
35:22said, "You know, Marina, I understand
35:23everything that you're saying, but you
35:25are not using articles at all and that
35:28makes you sound really weird to a native
35:30speaker." And he actually he he was a
35:33really good friend, so he spent like an
35:35hour with me explaining all the
35:36articles. So, please do not forget about
35:38articles when you speak English. Let's
35:41talk about them, when and how you use
35:43them. There are two articles, a and the.
35:47When we use a, we use it to talk about
35:49objects that we encounter for the first
35:52time in our speech, for the first time
35:54in this conversation and when we use
35:56the, we mean something specific. So,
36:00let's start with the first rule.
36:01Something specific is always the. For
36:03example, "Marina, where did you get the
36:05dress that you wore yesterday?" This is
36:09a very specific dress. I only have one
36:11dress and I'm pretty sure she means the
36:14dress that I was wearing yesterday and
36:16that was the specific white dress,
36:18whatever. So, this is a very specific
36:20thing. But if I'm asking somebody, "Can
36:22you get me a dress when you go
36:24shopping?" I'm not asking for a
36:26particular dress. I just need a dress
36:28and whatever dress you can find that
36:29suits me, just get it. So, could you get
36:32me a dress when you go shopping? So, see
36:35the differences. In the first example,
36:37with the specific dress I wore
36:39yesterday, I meant the dress that I wore
36:42wore yesterday. And when I'm asking to
36:43buy
36:44a random dress,
36:46this is a dress. Another thing to
36:48remember, we only use a when we talk
36:51about single objects. We cannot say a
36:54dresses. This is wrong. Worm, don't do
36:56that. But if a word starts with a vowel,
37:01a e o u, okay, you know vowels, right?
37:05We replace a with n. An apple, an
37:08eggplant, an elephant. Another general
37:11rule is when you talk about something
37:13for the first time, you say a. When you
37:16mention it in your conversation for the
37:18second time, you use the. For example,
37:20yesterday I went to a party. I mentioned
37:23it for the first time. But in the second
37:25sentence, I would say, "The party was
37:28amazing." Cuz I've already stated that I
37:30will be talking about a specific party.
37:32And in the second sentence, I'm
37:34referring to that specific party. So,
37:36it's the party now, okay? Or another
37:39example, "Yesterday I bought an apple."
37:42You know, just a random apple. That
37:44apple turned out to be rotten. So, I'm
37:47taking it back to the store today, okay?
37:50So, first, I'm not mentioning a
37:53particular apple. I just bought an
37:54apple. It doesn't matter which apple.
37:56Doesn't matter if it's big, doesn't
37:57matter if it's small, just an apple. But
37:59then when I'm talking that it's rotten,
38:01I already mean that apple that it's in
38:04my fridge. So, the apple, okay? However,
38:07if we're talking about an object that is
38:09one of a kind, we always use the. The
38:12moon,
38:13the sun,
38:16the Black Sea, The Simpsons. So, we know
38:20that there's only one moon. That's why
38:21we always say the moon. We know that uh
38:24there is one sun, so say the sun. Again,
38:27we only know that there's just one
38:29family when we're talking about we know
38:31that we're talking about The Simpsons,
38:33right? This is the movie. So, whenever
38:36it's something one-of-a-kind, it's the.
38:38Uncountable nouns,
38:41what are uncountable nouns? Porridge,
38:43oatmeal, milk, uh whatever you cannot
38:47count cuz um when we're talking about
38:50porridge, you cannot really count all
38:51the seeds that are there. And when we're
38:53talking about milk, you cannot really
38:54count the cells. Yes, you can measure
38:56volume, but that's different. We're
38:58talking about counting. So, uncountable
39:01nouns
39:02means you cannot count them, right? So,
39:04with uncountable nouns, we don't use any
39:06articles. It's always I like oatmeal.
39:09Can you get me some oatmeal? Can you
39:11make some porridge for breakfast? You
39:12use some, right? Can I have some milk?
39:15Uh I drink milk for breakfast. The only
39:17way you would be able to count milk is
39:20um
39:20by adding glasses. So, can you give me a
39:23glass of milk? And then you have this a,
39:25okay? But this a refers to glass, not to
39:28milk. And the second scenario when we
39:30don't use an article with nouns is uh
39:32when we have plural countable nouns.
39:34Bicycles, computers, cameras, bloggers.
39:38So, whenever these words appear in a
39:40sentence, we do not use any articles. Uh
39:43I have three computers at home. I like
39:45watching bloggers. I love bicycles. But
39:49why articles are so confusing cuz there
39:53always always always exclusions. For
39:55example, there is a store in your house
39:58and they sell specific milk. And you
40:02want to highlight that you like the milk
40:05from that store cuz it's one-of-a-kind.
40:07You really mean that milk and you cannot
40:10get it anywhere else. Then you can say,
40:13"Oh my god, I love the milk from that
40:15store." cuz you're being specific and
40:18again I just mentioned that with milk we
40:20don't use any the but we don't use any
40:22the or a when we don't mention specific
40:26milk. We just mention milk as food. But
40:29if we mean some kind of milk that is
40:31only sold in a store that's one block
40:34away or in your house
40:36say the. Same applies to countable nouns
40:39in plural forms. If that shop also sells
40:43apples that you love you can say "Oh, I
40:45love the apples from that store. They
40:47are the best in the world." and people
40:50realize that you mean specific apples
40:52that are only sold there and they're
40:54one-of-a-kind. Okay, please remember
40:56that. And feel free whenever you're
40:59watching this video if it's confusing
41:01feel free to stop, feel free to open
41:03your exercise book, rewind the video,
41:05and write everything down again cuz I
41:07know it's super confusing and I know
41:09even like super advanced students make
41:11mistakes in articles. So this topic is
41:14very important, it's crucial,
41:16but I'm here to help. There's quite
41:18similar rule for abstract nouns and when
41:21you're talking about something in
41:23general you don't need an article. For
41:25example, information on the internet is
41:29very useful. So information is this
41:31abstract noun. You don't mean any
41:33specific information. You just mean that
41:35information that's available to everyone
41:37on the internet is very useful. But
41:40again, just to compare,
41:42when you use particular information that
41:44you received "The information that I
41:46read on Wikipedia regarding YouTube is
41:49super useful." then you need to insert
41:52the definite article the because you
41:55mean some specific information. But when
41:57you're talking about information in
41:58general you don't use articles at all,
42:00okay? Never use articles with proper
42:03nouns. Tuesday, Monday, New York. You
42:06can distinguish those proper nouns by
42:09the capital letter that they start with.
42:11Uh New York is with capital letters,
42:13Washington D.C., Uh uh Russia, London,
42:17uh Tuesday, Monday, Wednesday, February,
42:19March. All of those nouns do not require
42:22an article. Okay, never use articles
42:24with the names of the countries. To me,
42:26Tim makes this mistake all the time and
42:28I keep correcting him. Russia, France,
42:31uh Monaco, all of those countries do not
42:34require an article. But, of course,
42:37there are exclusions to this rule. If a
42:39country's name consists of several
42:41words, the United Kingdom. Cuz um the
42:45refers to Kingdom here. So, the United
42:47Kingdom, the United States of America.
42:50So, whenever the name consists of uh
42:53several nouns, you use um
42:56the. Also, no articles when you speak
42:58about languages. And remember, at the
43:00beginning of this video, I asked you to
43:01write a comment below what language you
43:03speak and if you have articles in that
43:05language. So, you can say, I speak
43:07French and there is no article. I speak
43:10Russian and there are no articles in
43:12Russian. So, we don't have any article
43:14before the name of the language. And the
43:16last but not the least, when you're
43:18talking about meals, don't use articles.
43:20I've already had lunch today. I've
43:22already had breakfast. Let's head out to
43:24dinner. But again, uh we're just talking
43:26about non-specific meals, just uh you
43:29know, stating that we had meal. But, if
43:32you want to say that you are sick from
43:35the dinner you had yesterday, then you
43:37need definite article cuz you uh mean
43:40that specific dinner. We probably ate uh
43:42sushi and you got food poisoning. So, uh
43:45when you mean a specific dinner, it
43:47would probably be something in the past.
43:49Uh you use the. So, articles are very
43:51confusing and uh as an English language
43:54learner, I think I have worked and
43:58learned about them
44:00maybe like 10 times in my life. I just
44:02keep coming back to this. I think of
44:05course, it's the matter of practice, but
44:06this repetition, constant repetition of
44:08a topic that is
44:10um confusing for you, I think it's
44:11really helpful uh for you as an English
44:14language learner. If you want another
44:15class from me on articles,
44:18please let me know in comments down
44:19below and I will be happy to make
44:22another video. And now let's move on to
44:24another topic that is kind of endless in
44:28English and the topic is tenses. Today
44:31I'm going to teach you which tense to
44:33use when you see certain words in the
44:36sentence. We call them marker words. So
44:39sometimes you see them and you're like,
44:41"Oh, when people use this word, they
44:44would typically use this particular
44:46tense." And I'm going to teach you those
44:48words. So if you're interested, continue
44:50watching. Before I start, quick
44:52disclaimer. English evolves all the
44:54time. Yes, there are grammar rules and
44:56for some tenses, especially like present
44:58perfect, if a test taker creates a
45:01sentence for you, puts one of those
45:03marker words in that sentence, there's
45:05like 99% chance he wants you to use
45:08present perfect because he wants to know
45:10whether you've learned those words by
45:12heart. But when you talk to a native
45:15speaker, when you're in this relaxed
45:18environment, people use these words with
45:20other tenses as well. So there is no
45:22like 100% guarantee if you see one of
45:24the words that I've mentioned that you
45:26use like that particular tense, but if
45:29it's a test, I would say it's like 90%
45:33plus guarantee that you should use this
45:34particular tense, but I would always
45:37look at the context, okay? So you see
45:39the word and then you look at the
45:41context. Let me explain you when we use
45:43certain tenses. So always, always,
45:45always pay attention to the context.
45:47Let's start with the simplest tense
45:49ever, present simple. Present simple is
45:52a tense that is used for regular
45:54actions, something that happens to you
45:55every day, every night, every month. So
45:58something that you do regularly. And
46:00also for some things that are
46:02pre-scheduled like the airplane arrives
46:05at 5:00 p.m. The marker words for this
46:07tense, usually, every day, every week.
46:11So, whenever you see every, that's
46:13probably present simple. Often, seldom,
46:16or the synonym for it is rarely. And
46:19rarely is more American. For actions
46:22that don't happen too often. Always,
46:24never, sometimes, as a rule, hardly
46:29ever. Hardly ever is like very, very
46:32rarely. Hardly ever do I get 12 hours of
46:36sleep per night. Today, on Sunday, from
46:40time to time. I go to swimming pool from
46:42time to time. The next tense that is
46:46also simple, past simple. And this is
46:49the tense that we use to describe
46:51actions in the past. And it doesn't
46:53really matter what kind of result we
46:55have right now cuz that's present
46:56perfect. For past simple, think of it as
46:59telling a story. Telling a story about
47:02something that happened to you last
47:04year, in 1994.
47:06So, you're just describing a series of
47:09actions or just one action or something
47:12that you were doing back then. So, just
47:14think of it this way. You are describing
47:16something that happened to you,
47:18something you did a year ago, 2 years
47:21ago, etc. Yesterday, the day before
47:25yesterday, last week, month, year, etc.
47:29Whenever you see last, that's probably
47:31past simple. Ago is also a great marker
47:35word. So, whenever you see ago again,
47:3690% plus,
47:38uh it's going to be past simple. A week
47:40ago, a month ago, a year ago. The other
47:43day, which means on one of the days that
47:46have passed. In 1994 or any year in the
47:50past. Once,
47:52once upon a time, there lived an
47:54elephant in Africa. When, and you would
47:58insert something in the past. At 3:00
48:01yesterday or 3:00 the day before
48:03yesterday. That day. By the way, guys,
48:06if you want these words but written
48:09down, something that you can print out,
48:12something that you can have in front of
48:13you on your desk, we have created a memo
48:16for you where we have all of those
48:18marker words. You also have a test which
48:20is divided by certain levels of English
48:23so you can check where you are at right
48:25now with your tenses. There is also a
48:27table that describes how to build
48:30different tenses. And there's also a
48:32table with irregular verbs. Remember,
48:35we're talking about past simple right
48:37now. When we're talking in the past, our
48:41verb goes into the second form and there
48:43are regular verbs like I walked in the
48:46park, I published this video. There are
48:49also irregular verbs like I put my phone
48:53on the table yesterday or whatever. I
48:56drove 5 miles an hour. Irregular verbs
49:00are formed in a different way. It's not
49:02just putting ed in the end. It is
49:05something else and we have created a
49:06table for you with these verbs and also
49:09how to learn them easily. There is a
49:11small fee to download this table. It's
49:13$1 fee just to support our designers and
49:16us. So it's me and Vinnie who created
49:18this table and also my team. The link is
49:21below. You're going to have it all in
49:23front of you. You're going to have all
49:24the words so you can just print them
49:25out, hang them in front of you and
49:28always have them in front of your eyes.
49:30So whenever you have questions, you can
49:32just refer to that memo. By the way, in
49:35this video, we're not going to talk
49:36about all the 12 tenses. We're going to
49:38talk about present simple, past simple,
49:40future simple, present progressive and
49:43present perfect. But in the table, we
49:46have more tenses. We have seven tenses
49:48in total in terms of the smart words.
49:50Future simple. Future simple talks about
49:53future actions and um something for you
49:56to remember, future simple is when
49:57you're not 100% sure about something.
50:00For example, you have uh an appointment
50:04with your friend and he says, "I will
50:06come in an hour." So, that means he's
50:0990% uh sure that he will come in an
50:11hour. Maybe he won't come cuz you can't
50:14control other people. But, if you have
50:17an airplane that leaves at 5:00 p.m. You
50:19see I'm already using present simple.
50:21So, when is something that you're 100%
50:23sure of, it's present simple. It's like
50:26for a timetables, opening schedules and
50:29stuff. The store opens at 9:00 a.m. The
50:31store closes at 9:00 p.m. That's all
50:34present simple. But, when we're talking
50:36about actions we're not sure about, like
50:3990% sure Well, we are sure, 90% sure,
50:42but we're still kind of guessing. That's
50:44future simple. And the marker words are:
50:46tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next
50:50week, month, year, etc. In an hour, in a
50:55second, in a minute, etc. In the 22nd
50:58century, soon, later, someday, and
51:02someday of course meaning uh someday in
51:04the future, in a day, in a week, in 5
51:07years. So, whenever you see in plus
51:10and uh according to the context, you're
51:12not 100% sure, that's future simple. In
51:15the future, one of these days. Present
51:18progressive and um
51:20in British English you would call it
51:22present continuous. It also depends on
51:23the textbook that you're using, but it's
51:25pretty much the same. Americans say
51:26present progressive or present
51:28continuous. The tense that is used to
51:29describe something that is happening
51:32right now. So, the word The first marker
51:35word, obvious, now, right now, at the
51:39moment, today. Two other marker words,
51:42uh look, listen. Like for example, if
51:44you're trying to pay somebody's
51:45attention, something like, "Look, they
51:47are fighting. We need to stop them." We
51:50are paying somebody's attention to an
51:52action that's happening right now.
51:54Still, they are still fighting at this
51:57very moment. Currently, these days, this
52:01week, this month, this year, constantly.
52:06I'm constantly hearing sirens
52:08whenever I'm recording videos in this
52:10apartment because I'm very close to the
52:12center, and something is constantly
52:14going on. You see how I'm using this
52:16constantly and stuff. And the last, but
52:18not the least, we're going to talk about
52:20present perfect. And I know you mix it
52:22with past simple very often. So, present
52:25perfect focuses It's a present tense,
52:28okay? It's not a past tense because it's
52:30present perfect. And it focuses on the
52:32result you have right now.
52:36Come on, guys.
52:38Present perfect is a present tense. It
52:41focuses on the result that you have
52:43right now. It does not focus on the
52:45details of a past action because for
52:47that, we have past simple. For a result
52:50right now, we have present perfect. So,
52:52for example, I have eaten. This means
52:56that you're not hungry. If you're kind
52:58of translating, explaining. If you say,
53:00"I ate pizza yesterday for lunch." That
53:04means you're telling a story about what
53:06happened yesterday. You're not really
53:07focusing on something that you have
53:09right now. This is a way for you to
53:10determine which tense to use. And marker
53:12words, of course, like for this tense,
53:15marker words that you've probably uh
53:17learned at school ever and ever since
53:18already yet. Whenever you see them on
53:20the test, oh my god, I think that's like
53:2295, 97% chance that the test takers want
53:26to test you whether you've learned those
53:29marker words or not. Ever, never, just,
53:34already, yet, recently, lately. Lately
53:38means you started doing something
53:40recently again. I've started walking
53:43every night lately. Before, always, so
53:48far, at last, it's the first time. It's
53:51the first time since we've known each
53:53other something happened. All my life,
53:56all morning.
53:57Let's talk about English students' least
54:00favorite tense, which is present
54:02perfect, because it is so confusing. I
54:04was taught at school that present
54:06perfect is a past tense, which is not,
54:09because if we look at its name, it says
54:12present perfect, which means that yes,
54:15we're talking about our actions in the
54:17past, but the result is still here with
54:21us in the present. This is why it's
54:23present perfect. It's a present tense,
54:26and it's really important not to mix it
54:28up with a past tense. It's really
54:30important to use it in the right way.
54:32So, today we're going to talk about
54:33present perfect. One of the most
54:35important things to remember about
54:36present perfect is that we don't really
54:39care when exactly something happened.
54:43For example, I say, "I've lost my keys."
54:45I don't really care if I lost them
54:47yesterday. I don't really care if I lost
54:49them a week ago. I care about the
54:50result. I've lost my keys, and I can't
54:53get into my house. This is the result.
54:56And so, it doesn't matter when exactly
54:59the action happened. It matters that the
55:02result is still here. It's my present. I
55:04can't get into my house. The way we form
55:07this tense is that we use either have or
55:09has. I have, you have, they have, we
55:13have,
55:15it, she, he has. After that, we use our
55:20verb in the third form. And here, please
55:24pay attention, we have regular verbs,
55:26where the third form is the same as
55:28second, and is easily formed by adding
55:31ed. Play, played, played. Stop, stopped,
55:34stopped. And we have irregular verbs
55:37that you have to learn. Run,
55:40ran,
55:41run. Bring, brought, brought. Rise,
55:45rose, risen. So, we use the third form.
55:48And please remember that some regular
55:51verbs actually change the way they're
55:53written. So, for example, say, said,
55:56said. We get rid of Y in the second and
55:59third form, and we add I D. Study,
56:02studied, studied. So, just
56:05to the spelling of those words. So, we
56:08have has or have. We have a verb in the
56:11third form. And if it's a regular verb,
56:14we add ED. If it's irregular verb, we
56:16just learn the third form. And very
56:19often,
56:20we have a word that tells us that we
56:24have to use present perfect. Ever,
56:28never, since, already, yet. Remember
56:31what I told you, we don't really care
56:33about the exact timing of an action. So,
56:36whenever you have a year ago, in 1990,
56:41in March 2015,
56:44that means that you would probably need
56:46to use past simple. Because again, in
56:48present perfect, we don't care about the
56:52exact point at time. We don't care about
56:55the exact day or exact year. We just
56:57care about the result. So, I have never
57:01eaten pizza in my life.
57:04Okay, the result, if I try pizza, it's
57:07going to be something new for me.
57:08I've never eaten a taco.
57:10I've been to Great Britain once. That
57:12means if I go now, it wouldn't be a new
57:16country for me. But it doesn't really
57:18matter whether I've been in Great
57:20Britain in 2015 or 2020. In this case,
57:23we'd use past simple.
57:25Simple. I've been to Italy many times.
57:27Also, when you are taking your TOEFL
57:29test, when you are taking your IELTS
57:31test, or whatever test that you are
57:32taking, please do not contract your
57:37verbs.
57:38Don't say, "I've been there."
57:40Don't write, "I've been there." Please
57:43say and write, "I have been there." This
57:46is formal academic English, and this is
57:49what's required from you when you are
57:51taking a formal test, when you are
57:53writing a formal essay. Of course, when
57:55you are chatting to your friends, to
57:57your classmates, when you are recording
57:59a video on YouTube, or watching my
58:00videos, you are free to comment below.
58:02My god, I was scared by this lamp.
58:06When you are commenting on this video,
58:07you can totally contract
58:10your verbs and say, "I've been there.
58:13I've enjoyed this video so much. I've
58:16learned so much from this video, Marina.
58:18You are an amazing teacher."
58:20You are being too modest.
58:22So, feel free to contract below this
58:24video, but please don't use contractions
58:26when you are taking an academic test.
58:29The negative form in this tense is
58:32formed by adding not. I have not done
58:35this. I have not seen this before.
58:38Or, if you want to make it shorter, you
58:40can say, "I haven't done this before. I
58:42haven't seen this before." When you are
58:44forming a question in present perfect,
58:46this have goes into the beginning of the
58:49sentence.
58:50Have you ever been to the United States?
58:54If you want to add WH question,
58:57your WH word comes first. Who, what,
59:00when, whatever. What have you done
59:02today? This WH comes first, and then you
59:04have your have or has, and then you have
59:06your verb. Or, how many times have you
59:09been to the UK? Again, your question
59:12comes first, then you have has or have,
59:14and then you have your verb. It is
59:16really important to learn the word
59:18order, because when you are speaking to
59:21a native speaker, and when your
59:22intonation is not right, when your word
59:24order is not right, people might not
59:27understand you at all. Because when
59:28you're talking to native speakers, they
59:30are used to talking to other native
59:32speakers and it might be a little hard
59:34for them to understand you if you have
59:36an accent or if you're mixing up word
59:38order. This is why whenever you're
59:40learning something, please make sure
59:41you're learning everything. Accent, word
59:43order, pronunciation, that's really
59:45important in any language. Okay, when do
59:48we use present perfect? We use present
59:50perfect to talk about actions that
59:52started in the past or happened in the
59:54past and still have a fact on our
59:56present. I've lost my keys, I can't
59:58enter the house. They've missed the bus,
1:00:01that means they will be late. I've
1:00:03already eaten means I'm not hungry. So,
1:00:05we don't care about when exactly the
1:00:07action happened, we care about the
1:00:09result in present.
1:00:11I've lost my money, I've lost my club,
1:00:12and now I've lost my guests.
1:00:14We also use present perfect when we talk
1:00:16about our life experiences. I've been to
1:00:18the UK. I've studied in Germany. I've
1:00:21done this so many times before. When you
1:00:23talk about your experiences, uh things
1:00:25you've done before, here you use present
1:00:27perfect.
1:00:28I've never driven before.
1:00:30Also, if you have an unfinished time
1:00:32word, for example, this year, this week,
1:00:35today, and want to talk about actions
1:00:37that have happened in the period that is
1:00:40still ongoing, you use present perfect.
1:00:42Let me give you a couple of examples.
1:00:44We've already repaired our car twice
1:00:48this year. Oh my god, and there might be
1:00:51another repair coming up. You've already
1:00:53done so many things today.
1:00:56You've accomplished so much during this
1:00:58day and you still have time to do
1:01:00something else. You've already slept for
1:01:045 hours today. Stop sleeping. Come on,
1:01:07time to work. So, whenever we have this
1:01:10ongoing time stamp, we use present
1:01:12perfect.
1:01:12Nah, I've already seen someone cry
1:01:14today.
1:01:15Also, quick difference between present
1:01:16perfect and past simple. If you say I
1:01:19worked here for 5 years, that means
1:01:21you're still working here. If you say I
1:01:23worked here for 5 years, that means
1:01:25you're no longer working here. You see
1:01:28the subtle difference in using of tenses
1:01:31makes everything completely different
1:01:33and gives a completely different context
1:01:35to a person you're talking to. And let
1:01:37me give you a quick exercise. He
1:01:41Hungary
1:01:42in 1990. Which tense would you use here?
1:01:48Another example.
1:01:50He
1:01:51Hungary
1:01:53two times.
1:01:56So, in the first example, you have past
1:01:59simple because it has a timestamp, 1990.
1:02:02He visited Hungary in 1990. But in the
1:02:05second sentence, you don't have a
1:02:07timestamp, you just have a number of
1:02:08times he has visited Hungary. So, he has
1:02:11visited Hungary
1:02:13two times. Guys, if you like how I teach
1:02:15you tenses, I have a whole course on
1:02:18English language tenses. It's really
1:02:20detailed, really interactive with a lot
1:02:22of exercises because once you got
1:02:24information about tenses, you really
1:02:26need to practice them. It has a lot of
1:02:28additional materials for you to
1:02:29practice, to learn, to print out, and
1:02:31put in your desk only for you guys
1:02:33because you're watching this video and
1:02:34you're watching up to the very end.
1:02:36You're getting an exclusive promo code
1:02:38to take my course with a discount. The
1:02:40link and the promo code will be below.
1:02:42Thank you guys for watching this video
1:02:44up to the very end. Please subscribe
1:02:46this channel if you're learning English
1:02:47and you need additional resources to
1:02:49enhance your learning journey. If you
1:02:51know someone who's learning English and
1:02:53who needs help, please share this
1:02:54channel. And of course, do not forget to
1:02:56follow me on Instagram where I post
1:02:58stories about my life in the US as an
1:03:00immigrant and also post short videos
1:03:03about English and also about my life in
1:03:05California. Thank you guys so much and
1:03:07I'll see you very soon in my next
1:03:09videos. Bye-bye.

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