Iliac Veins Scheme (Visceral + Parietal Tributaries) | Anatomy — Transcript

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1. 0:02All right, guys, so now that we are done with the Inferior vena cava, let us go ahead and
2. 0:07cover the anatomy of the common, external, and internal iliac veins!
3. 0:11And we're going to do that by breaking down their topography, visceral tributaries, and
4. 0:16parietal tributaries.
5. 0:17So, let us start with the common iliac vein.
6. 0:20The common iliac veins originate at the confluence of the internal and external iliac veins;
7. 0:27confluence means where veins meet.
8. 0:29So, it is formed when these two veins meet.
9. 0:32And when the common iliac veins meet at the level of the vertebra L4-L5, they form the
10. 0:38Inferior Vena Cava.
11. 0:41And lastly, the common iliac veins have no valves.
12. 0:44You know I say this a lot, but usually, veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
13. 0:50These large veins don't have any valves.
14. 0:53Alright so the first tributary of the common iliac vein is the ascending lumbar vein.
15. 0:58The right ascending lumbar vein will anastomose with the Azygos vein, while the left one will
16. 1:03anastomose with the hemiazygos vein.
17. 1:05Then we got the median sacral vein.
18. 1:08This is an unpaired vein, which opens into the left common iliac vein, as you see here.
19. 1:13Them, we got the iliolumbar veins, as you see here.
20. 1:17They collect blood from the regions supplied by the iliolumbar artery.
21. 1:21A known variation of this vein is that sometimes you might find the iliolumbar veins opening
22. 1:27into the internal iliac vein instead of the common iliac veins.
23. 1:31So that was all I had for the common iliac veins.
24. 1:34So let's now go ahead and do the external iliac veins.
25. 1:37Now the external iliac vein is the continuation of the common femoral vein.
26. 1:42It starts at the level of the inguinal ligament within the vascular space.
27. 1:46So our first tributary is the inferior epigastric vein.
28. 1:52Now the inferior epigastric vein starts at the umbilicus region, draining the anterior
29. 1:57abdominal wall.
30. 2:00It goes together with the inferior epigastric artery, and its peripheral part is doubled.
31. 2:06Then, in the upper direction, it anastomoses with the superior epigastric vein of the internal
32. 2:13thoracic vein, as you see here.
33. 2:15Then we got the deep circumflex iliac veins, as you see here.
34. 2:19They collect blood from the iliac region and the adjacent abdominal wall.
35. 2:24And keep in mind that their peripheral part is doubled as well.
36. 2:27So that was the common iliac and the external iliac veins.
37. 2:31Pretty straightforward, these two.
38. 2:32And I'll try to show you that the internal iliac vein is relatively straightforward,
39. 2:36too, so let's go ahead and change our model to a more specific one.
40. 2:41So as the internal iliac vein descends, it splits into two divisions, and the tributaries
41. 2:48of these two divisions are divided into two types of tributaries
42. 2:53We got the parietal tributaries draining bones and muscle and the visceral tributaries draining
43. 2:59organs and soft tissue.
44. 3:01Let's do the parietal tributaries first and then do the visceral ones.
45. 3:05So the first two parietal tributaries are the Superior gluteal vein and the Inferior
46. 3:10gluteal vein, which, as you know by now from the gluteal arteries, will go back towards
47. 3:15the booty muscles.
48. 3:16The superior one will mainly drain the gluteus medius and minimus and the tensor fasciae
49. 3:22latae, while the inferior one will mainly drain the gluteus maximus.
50. 3:27Then we got the obturator vein, which drains the medial compartment of the thigh muscles.
51. 3:33Then we have the lateral sacral veins, which ascend along the sacral bone.
52. 3:38Together with the median sacral vein, they form a plexus called the sacral venous plexus,
53. 3:44which drains adjacent structures like the abdominal muscles and pelvic lymphatic nodes.
54. 3:49Then lastly, as we mentioned earlier, the iliolumbar veins might also open into the
55. 3:55internal iliac vein.
56. 3:56So it either opens into the common iliac or the internal iliac vein.
57. 4:05And here, you see a more correct visual presentation of the veins.
58. 4:10We see the Superior and inferior gluteal veins, the Obturator veins, the lateral sacral veins,
59. 4:17and the iliolumbar veins.
60. 4:19So that was all I had for the parietal tributaries of the internal iliac vein.
61. 4:24Let's now do the Visceral tributaries!
62. 4:26To make this as comprehensive as possible, I've divided the visceral tributaries into
63. 4:31male, female, and other common veins.
64. 4:35And I wanna use these two models to represent the structures drained by these veins.
65. 4:40So that'll make it easier to remember them.
66. 4:43So first, we got the external and the internal rectal venous plexus, or simply the rectal
67. 4:49venous plexus.
68. 4:50They lie in the rectum's posterior and lateral walls and are drained in three directions,
69. 4:56as you see here.
70. 4:57We got the superior rectal vein, which drains the upper part of the plexus into the inferior
71. 5:02mesenteric vein.
72. 5:05The right and left middle rectal veins drain the middle part of the plexus directly to
73. 5:09our internal iliac vein.
74. 5:12And the right and left inferior rectal vein which drains the lower part of the plexus
75. 5:17via the internal pudendal vein and then drains into the internal iliac vein.
76. 5:25Then we got the vesical venous plexus, which is a plexus that drains the urinary bladder
77. 5:30primarily.
78. 5:31And this one drain different structures in male and female.
79. 5:35In males, it's fused with the prostatic venous plexus.
80. 5:39They receive tributaries from the deep dorsal vein of the penis.
81. 5:45Blood will flow into the prostate venous plexus and then into the vesical venous plexus, and
82. 5:50then the internal iliac vein.
83. 5:52In females, the vesical venous plexus surrounds both the fundus of the bladder and the urethra,
84. 5:59unlike in males, where the plexus is mainly located on the basal part of the bladder.
85. 6:04Here, it will drain the female urethra and the upper part of the vagina.
86. 6:08It will also receive blood from surrounding tributary veins like the dorsal vein of the
87. 6:13clitoris, as you see here.
88. 6:15Then in females, we got two plexuses called the uterine venous plexus, which drains the
89. 6:21uterus and the fallopian tubes, and the vaginal venous plexus, which drains structures associated
90. 6:26with the vagina.
91. 6:27Then lastly, we got the internal pudendal vein, which starts as either the deep vein
92. 6:34of the penis or the deep vein of the clitoris.
93. 6:37On its way to the internal iliac, it drains various structures nearby, like the bulb of
94. 6:43the penis in males and the bulb of the clitoris in females.
95. 6:46It also drains the urethra, the perineum, and the inferior part of the rectum as well.
96. 6:53So that was all for the tributary veins of the internal iliac vein.
97. 6:57Let's quickly recap them.
98. 6:58First, we got the common iliac and the internal iliac vein.
99. 7:02There's the lateral sacral vein, the superior gluteal vein, and the inferior gluteal vein,
100. 7:08and we got the obturator vein.
101. 7:10As for the visceral tributaries, we got the rectal venous plexus, we got the vesical venous
102. 7:16plexus, we got the internal pudendal vein, and the plexuses associated with female called
103. 7:22the vaginal and the uterine venous plexus, and a plexus in male called the prostatic
104. 7:27plexus which fuses with the vesical plexus.
105. 7:30So that was all I had for the topography and the tributaries of the iliac veins.
106. 7:35The next video will be about the venous drainage of the lower limb.
107. 7:39If you found this video helpful, please put a like, share or comment.
108. 7:42Whatever you find convenient to you.
109. 7:44See you next time.