Ida Tarbell — Transcript

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1. 0:00all right Caribbean I'm on a roll
2. 0:03second one in a row I'm gonna I'm gonna
3. 0:05lies marathon day a video video lectures
4. 0:09here got my got some hydration right
5. 0:12over here I've got GU over here the
6. 0:15stuff you dip runners use that I've
7. 0:16never used because I run so slow and so
8. 0:20uh basically um I want to talk now about
9. 0:23uh progressivism and about some of the
10. 0:27changes that happened so progressivism
11. 0:28is really interesting so progressivism
12. 0:30is this idea that um that the government
13. 0:35can make fundamental changes to make
14. 0:37things better uh and progressivism it's
15. 0:40kind of its call different things at the
16. 0:43third Great Awakening but basically it
17. 0:47was it was this attempt to make
18. 0:50conditions is better now you know
19. 0:51progressivism is only in cities right
20. 0:54they don't touch African Americans in
21. 0:55the South they don't touch rural life
22. 0:56it's really in the cities and there are
23. 0:59all kinds of different groups trying to
24. 1:00do this and all kinds of things going on
25. 1:02to kind of make things better now let me
26. 1:04just say this as well if you think of
27. 1:05the Democratic Party day in the country
28. 1:07and progresses like if you think of
29. 1:08President Obama he was president uh he
30. 1:11was considered progressive
31. 1:13president this whole idea that his idea
32. 1:17that health care should be more people
33. 1:20to have access to health care health
34. 1:22care to the government health care
35. 1:23health care basically mandated health
36. 1:25care that is a progressive idea right so
37. 1:28it's a bit so that's kind of what
38. 1:29progressivism is the idea that
39. 1:30government can can make these
40. 1:32fundamental changes to help people and
41. 1:36so I wanted to talk about some of the
42. 1:38different aspects of progressivism
43. 1:39really one aspect today and this dis
44. 1:41aspects has to be this one in Ida
45. 1:42Tarbell Ida Tarbell first of all is a
46. 1:45woman that is a brilliant observation
47. 1:49thank you very much
48. 1:50Ida Tarbell is really interesting she
49. 1:52goes uh she basically said some warm she
50. 1:56her family lives in Pennsylvania near
51. 1:58the place where Drake struck oil
52. 2:00basically felons oil so basically she
53. 2:04grows up in this culture around this oil
54. 2:05it grows up it around her Rockefeller
55. 2:07really comes to power John Rockville but
56. 2:11she becomes a schoolteacher she graduate
57. 2:13from college
58. 2:13very smart and as a schoolteacher she
59. 2:16would place the woman that had basically
60. 2:18taught for a long time and let me just
61. 2:19say this it's really hard to do this
62. 2:21first of all I love teaching like I have
63. 2:23a passion for education um
64. 2:26and so being a first year teacher is
65. 2:29hard because you're creating all of your
66. 2:32stuff right you're creating the
67. 2:33foundation what you're gonna do that
68. 2:34next year in the next year in the next
69. 2:35year dimensionally new dentists we can
70. 2:37make things better but first year you
71. 2:39pick it all together and she comes into
72. 2:41this and she's teaching all these
73. 2:42different subjects so she's replacing a
74. 2:44woman who has taught for 40 years who
75. 2:46was beloved in the community and poor
76. 2:48Ida Tarbell has no she's young she
77. 2:51doesn't have the knowledge of all the
78. 2:53things she's trying to teach she's a
79. 2:54really hard year and actually gives it
80. 2:56up and goes to France uh and in
81. 2:59researches she begins to do this
82. 3:00academic research on a woman who played
83. 3:04a key part in the French Revolution and
84. 3:05she loves her time in France to make
85. 3:08ends meet
86. 3:09can I get some extra money she would
87. 3:10also submit articles to American
88. 3:12magazines and this is when this American
89. 3:14magazine called McClure's really becomes
90. 3:16a big deal in America and it's more of
91. 3:18an expensive magazine high-quality
92. 3:20journalism and sand and liqueurs and
93. 3:21Vikes Tarble to come back home to
94. 3:24America to write for his magazine so she
95. 3:26does she does this her first series of
96. 3:29articles are on Napoleon which makes
97. 3:33sense she was over in France her next
98. 3:36series of articles on Abraham Lincoln
99. 3:38and everyone thought it's okay I think
100. 3:40the 1880s 1890s I think 1890s everyone
101. 3:42said oh my gosh there's nothing new to
102. 3:45be written on Abraham Lincoln a hundred
103. 3:47and twenty-five years ago there's like a
104. 3:49book a big book of Lincoln that comes
105. 3:51out every year big one just came out
106. 3:54this year but so every year still we're
107. 3:58rotting but Lincoln also when she would
108. 4:01do this she would write these things as
109. 4:02cereal so she wouldn't can finish the
110. 4:04books or story
111. 4:07really come out in the newspapers
112. 4:10basically this magazine not as a full
113. 4:13story but kind of chapter by chapter the
114. 4:15most famous modern-day cereal that I can
115. 4:17think of is not cereal the
116. 4:18Podcast cereal but the cereal that I eat
117. 4:21for breakfast every morning frosted
118. 4:25flakes
119. 4:25I love frosted flakes telling to the
120. 4:27tiger is still my favorite guy I love
121. 4:29Tony frosted flakes
122. 4:30seriously the cereal that I'm referring
123. 4:33to is the Green Mile Stephen King wrote
124. 4:35The Green Mile and he kind of ended it
125. 4:37and would restart it and so became a
126. 4:40famous movie Tom Hanks anyway in Dickens
127. 4:44did serials in fact I think was the Old
128. 4:46Curiosity Shop I think was that it was
129. 4:47the one uh any great when you say I
130. 4:51think it was the one I'm not sure people
131. 4:54line the docks to see if the main
132. 4:56character had lived or died cuz no one
133. 4:58knew it was like a Harry Potter release
134. 5:01party which you might not really care
135. 5:03about but I actually see this right here
136. 5:06this was a Harry Potter scar that I got
137. 5:09too crazy about right and so basically
138. 5:12she wrote these things as serious and uh
139. 5:16she they they basically assigned her
140. 5:18cereal and John Rockefeller and so she
141. 5:20basically writes this thing on
142. 5:22rockefeller and it's really interesting
143. 5:24John Rockefellers interesting guy he
144. 5:25makes Standard Oil and he doesn't really
145. 5:28raise the price of Standard Oil so high
146. 5:29he's got a basic monopoly on this oil
147. 5:33that's used for kerosene is not used for
148. 5:34cars that's gonna be more than
149. 5:36nineteen teens especially 1920s 1920s
150. 5:38especially but but but but it so he
151. 5:41doesn't really disrupt the market that
152. 5:42much he's he's pretty fair to the market
153. 5:44but he would destroy his competitors he
154. 5:47would bribe grocery stores not to carry
155. 5:49kerosene from competing interest he the
156. 5:53competition would find their trains
157. 5:55derailed
158. 5:56whenever the shipment was about to take
159. 5:58place and so he would do whatever it
160. 6:00took to won as to win as a businessman
161. 6:02he also had really great strategy and
162. 6:04taking over other businesses he wouldn't
163. 6:06tell the world about it he would just
164. 6:07basically say a cellular company I'll
165. 6:11reimburse you in stock which would make
166. 6:13him a Miss Lee rich um and so you had
167. 6:17this tremendously large company and so
168. 6:19she begins to write about all these kind
169. 6:20of misdeeds as he does now the crazy
170. 6:22thing about Rockefeller is so he had
171. 6:24these these business misdeeds his
172. 6:25personal life was he was a it was really
173. 6:28a good guy he was a church attender he
174. 6:31tied to
175. 6:32percent of his tithe of his wages I mean
176. 6:34all the money he may be tied um he he
177. 6:39wanted to live to be a hundred years old
178. 6:41that was his goal I think Rockefeller
179. 6:42died at 97 and so he he lived yo he
180. 6:48raised his kids differently so this is
181. 6:50interesting also you have all this new
182. 6:52wealth is happening in the 1880s 1890s
183. 6:54and you have the kids as well and so
184. 6:56it's the same thing we see today I mean
185. 6:57like how do how do wealthy individuals
186. 7:01raise their kids right I could give you
187. 7:03examples you can think of examples of
188. 7:05wealthy children doing all kinds of
189. 7:07unnecessary things the teams he covers
190. 7:09he didn't let that happen
191. 7:11he basically raised his kids in a very
192. 7:14quiet very modest way it was really
193. 7:16interesting and so his private life and
194. 7:19his business like didn't match up in
195. 7:21some ways it's really interesting and it
196. 7:22kind of goes back to some groups in
197. 7:23childhood thank you Rockefeller that I
198. 7:25don't have time to talk about it's
199. 7:26really interesting so so she writes us
200. 7:29about Rockefeller and this basically
201. 7:31McClure's
202. 7:32is becomes the most one of the most
203. 7:34famous magazines at the time it's got
204. 7:37major writer she's a major writer
205. 7:39there's a guy named Lincoln Steffens who
206. 7:40rest the shame of the cities is on staff
207. 7:43there as well um so it was a really
208. 7:47important magazine so people read this
209. 7:49and this becomes so influential that
210. 7:51they decide to basically rose what will
211. 7:55be involved in this eventually is going
212. 7:56to be the court system to break up the
213. 7:58monopoly of Standard Oil
214. 8:00so her journalism will help lead to
215. 8:03people seeing the power and size the
216. 8:05monopoly of Standard Oil and the
217. 8:07breaking up of this trust she will be
218. 8:10called a muck raker now and I don't even
219. 8:14see this in the books but there's this
220. 8:15thing called yellow journalism yellow
221. 8:16journalism is very different than
222. 8:17muckraking muckraking it's where you use
223. 8:20expose to basically tell the truth
224. 8:22muckraking is based on fact it's almost
225. 8:24like when you go into these restaurants
226. 8:26and get these restaurant reports you
227. 8:28can't make stuff up like at the at the
228. 8:31bag of this restaurant you had like
229. 8:33cadavers you know I get it later there
230. 8:35is a corpse hanging in the freezer you
231. 8:37can't make that kind of stuff it's got
232. 8:39to be based on that yellow journalism is
233. 8:41totally different these journalists that
234. 8:45are breaking
235. 8:45stories are not yellow journalist yellow
236. 8:47journalist was selling newspapers
237. 8:49usually kind of exaggerating
238. 8:51sensationalizing crime and these
239. 8:52different stories kind of kind of using
240. 8:55sensationalism to sell the stories
241. 8:56muckraking is different muckraking was
242. 9:00trying to tell the truth in these expose
243. 9:03and let me just say this as well
244. 9:05journalism is important right journalism
245. 9:09is really important because journalism
246. 9:14shines hopefully shines a flashlight
247. 9:16where no one is looking right I mean
248. 9:19it's really important and so basically I
249. 9:22had a toggle becomes this leading
250. 9:24individual muckraking in some ways was
251. 9:26kind of a derogatory name in some ways
252. 9:28but but but but what she does is really
253. 9:30important because she opens up basically
254. 9:34the information to how big and how
255. 9:36powerful standard rule is and eventually
256. 9:39the course isn't going to break this up
257. 9:40that is the power of journalism the
258. 9:43power of muckraking in the early
259. 9:47nineteen hundred's