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Human fieldwork New Islington revision video for Paper 3 — Transcript

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0:01this is the first part of a paper 3
0:03revision video paper 3 is 1 hour 30
0:05minutes long it's 30% of your GCSE
0:07that's 76 marks or six including six bag
0:10marks it's got section A and section B
0:12section A is based on the pre-release
0:14booklet that you've been given section B
0:17is General fieldwork questions and also
0:20um questions about the field workor you
0:21did in news lington and Blen cathra it
0:25tests your ability to plan carry out and
0:27evaluate research more than what you
0:29actually discovered so the kind of
0:30questions you'll get is what data did
0:33you gather um why um how did you gather
0:36that data why did you use those methods
0:38was it accurate were the results
0:40reliable um could it have been improved
0:42so it's basically testing the six areas
0:44of geographical inquiry your
0:46introduction and planning areas your
0:48methods and data collection um how did
0:50you present your data so you can analyze
0:52it and draw conclusions and then most
0:54importantly um your ability to evaluate
0:58um what influenced those results what
1:00could you have done better the questions
1:03are fairly predictable in this paper so
1:05it's really really worth listening to
1:07these videos and um remembering what you
1:10did and hopefully you will therefore do
1:12very well the first thing I'm going to
1:13do is to go through the newest lington
1:16human field work that we
1:18did you will remember we did our human
1:21field work in newest lington an area
1:23just Northeast of Picadilly in the city
1:25center between Rochdale and Ashton
1:27canals it's west of the etad stadium and
1:29you you will remember that it was built
1:31in the industrial revolution an area of
1:33factories and poor quality Victorian
1:35slum housing it was then redeveloped in
1:38the 1960s as the cardr estate but it was
1:41an area of high unemployment because a
1:43lot of those factories had closed and it
1:45became a sinker state with high crime
1:47few employment opportunities and so
1:49people moved out schools closed and
1:51because there weren't enough children
1:53and a lot of the housing became derel
1:55and boarded up as you can see in this
1:56Photograph then in 2002 Manchester City
1:59Council got together with property
2:01developer Urban Splash to regenerate the
2:03area they did this by knocking down a
2:05lot of the cardr estate and replacing it
2:07with modern architecturally interesting
2:09flats and houses including Flagship
2:12developments such as the iconic chips
2:14building and they cleaned up the canals
2:16and they created the cottonfield park
2:18and Orchard you'll notice that a lot of
2:21the ground floor of these buildings is
2:23taken up with offices restaurants and
2:25cafes that provide employment
2:27opportunities for people living there
2:29and this is attracted new people into
2:30the area and has increased employment
2:33younger people with young families have
2:34moved in and so now a new school has
2:36opened in the area and the area is now a
2:39Vibrant Community so our investigation
2:42asks the question has the Regeneration
2:45of new isington being a success this was
2:47the title and you'll need to remember
2:49that in paper 3 it's likely that you'll
2:52be asked to justify something in this
2:54case justify the location of your
2:56fieldwork justify simply means give
2:58reasons for in other words let give
3:00reasons for choosing new Islington as a
3:02place to study regeneration what reasons
3:04could we give well firstly it's recently
3:06been regenerated it's no good obviously
3:09studying regeneration in an area that
3:11hasn't been regenerated it was also next
3:14to a non-regenerated area so we could
3:16compare a regenerated area with a
3:18non-regenerated one to see if
3:20regeneration has made a difference when
3:22you're answering this type of question
3:24always link it back to the title which
3:25is why you must always remember your
3:27title and Link back to what you were
3:29trying to
3:31find we also could collect enough data
3:33in a couple of hours as the area wasn't
3:35very big and it was accessible just a TR
3:37ride away it was also safe so make sure
3:41you remember at least three of the above
3:43points now we need to be able to explain
3:46what the risks were with our fieldwork
3:47and how we avoided them so firstly we
3:49walked along the canal so the risk was
3:51falling in so we avoided this risk by
3:53keeping away from the edge and walking
3:54no more than to her breast there was
3:56also a risk on the tramps of getting
3:58divided from the group so we carried the
4:00school phone number with us and traveled
4:01in small groups with a member of Staff
4:03in each group thirdly there was a risk
4:05of getting um run over so we made sure
4:08we stood on Pavements or pedestrian
4:10areas while doing our surveys and we
4:12Cross Roads on The Pedestrian Crossings
4:14and we made sure we didn't have our
4:15earphones
4:17in so now we're going to have a look at
4:19the methods of data collection and
4:20you'll need to be able to describe
4:21justify and evaluate these methods
4:23you'll remember our title has the
4:25Regeneration of newest lington mean a
4:26success and we broke that down into two
4:28hypotheses regeneration has improved the
4:31environment in new Islington and
4:33regeneration has improved the economy of
4:35New Islington to test these hypotheses
4:37we could have collected lots of data
4:39I've just put some of those at the
4:40bottom of the slide there of all these
4:42we decided to test whether the
4:44environment is improved by using an
4:46Environmental Quality survey to judge
4:48how well well kept a place is and also
4:51to collect photographs which could then
4:52be annotated to show what the
4:53environment looks like in a regenerated
4:55and a non-regenerated area to test of
4:58the economy has been improved we decided
5:01to look at the value of Housing and the
5:02changes of that value over time using
5:05zupa as a
5:06source you remember about the different
5:08types of data so we have primary data
5:10that's data we collect ourselves so in
5:12this case the Environmental Quality
5:14survey and the photographs we took with
5:16primary data secondary data comes from
5:18another source so the value of housing
5:20we found on zuper was a secondary source
5:22we also have quantitative data that's
5:24numerical data so the zup housing data
5:27was was an example of that also the
5:29Environmental Quality survey was
5:31quantitative even though it was a
5:33subjective survey we put number value on
5:36that survey um the opposite of that is
5:38qualitative survey which is
5:40non-numerical so photographs field
5:41sketches that's an example of
5:43qualitative
5:44data so once you've chosen your data you
5:47then have to work out your sampling
5:48strategy you have to be able to justify
5:51this justify means give reasons for so
5:54we could have chosen three types of
5:55sampling strategy the first type was
5:57random sampling data collected that has
6:00an equal chance of being selected so we
6:02could have just um chosen at random
6:05areas to study the problem with this is
6:08it wouldn't have guaranteed that we
6:10would have selected a regenerated area
6:13and a non-regenerated area so we
6:15wouldn't have been able to compare
6:17them we could also have used a
6:20systematic sampling strategy that is
6:22when you collect data at regular
6:24intervals for example across a transa
6:26going from non-regenerated to
6:27regenerated to non-regenerated areas we
6:29could have collected data at regular
6:31intervals maybe every 500 meters across
6:33that area that would have been good
6:35because we would have got lots of of
6:37data so that would have made our our
6:39results more accurate than just
6:41selecting a couple of sites but it would
6:43have taken more time than we
6:46had so we went for the third option
6:48which was a stratified sampling strategy
6:51we collected data deliberately from
6:52different areas for a reason so we chose
6:55a non-regenerated area that's site one
6:57to compare to a regenerated area that
7:00was site two now the good thing about
7:02this we could actually see the contrast
7:04and it was doable in the time the bad
7:06thing about this we deliberately chose
7:08areas that looked different and they may
7:10not have been representative of the
7:11whole area so at site one we
7:13deliberately stood outside of grty
7:14building and then we we um inferred from
7:17that that the whole area was grotty um
7:19site two we deliberately um stood
7:21outside a nicely done up area and so
7:23from that we inferred that the whole
7:25area was nice like that so it would have
7:27given us slightly skewed results so you
7:29can talk about this in the
7:31exam now you need to be able to describe
7:33the methods you use and to justify them
7:35to say why you use those techniques and
7:37to be able to evaluate those methods to
7:39say if they were good or not and how
7:40they might have affected your results so
7:42we'll look at each of the three methods
7:43in turn firstly our Environmental
7:45Quality survey so we rated what the area
7:48looked like using 11 criteria um we
7:51compared a non-regenerated area just
7:54east of new Islington outside of the
7:55anot works and the top photograph and
7:58compared that to a regenerated Area News
8:00lingon Road that's the bottom photograph
8:02and we used a score of minus two a
8:04negative judgment to plus two positive
8:06judgment for each criteria and we put
8:09that on the bipolar
8:11chart why did we do this and what's our
8:13justification for doing this we wanted
8:15to see if the environment of the
8:17regenerated area looked better than a
8:19non-regenerated area so that we could
8:21answer our first hypothesis that was um
8:24that regeneration improves the
8:26environment now we need to also evaluate
8:30um this method why was it good well
8:33first of all it was quick and easy to
8:34gather data by the Environmental Quality
8:36survey the data gave us a numerical
8:38value That Was Then easy to analyze and
8:40compare with the other area um it was
8:43also get we used the number of
8:44environmental categories not just one
8:46not just for example graffiti and so we
8:48could get an overall value that was
8:50accurate and not affected by anomalies
8:53in just one
8:54category but it wasn't so good because
8:57it was a subjective measure it kind of
8:59relied on what we felt about the area so
9:02we did our survey on a sunny day this
9:04made have this may have made us score
9:07more highly than if it had been raining
9:09and given false positive results uh also
9:12we only studied two sites so our results
9:14may not have represented the whole
9:17area our second method was to take
9:20photographs outside the anot works and
9:22new as lingon Road why did we do this it
9:24was to show the main features of each
9:26area so we could then answer our first
9:28hypothesis that generation improves the
9:30environment and what was good about this
9:33it was quick and easy to gather we could
9:34easily compare two sites what wasn't so
9:37good about it is photographs are biased
9:39they select the worst of an area or the
9:41best features of an area so the results
9:43may not have reflected the whole
9:46area the third set of data we collected
9:48was our secondary data Historical house
9:51prices from zuper of the newest Lon
9:53stroke uh an coats Ward compared to
9:56neighboring Wards why did we collect
9:58this data because we wanted to see if
10:00house prices have increased more in the
10:02new Islington area than in surrounding
10:04Wards this would suggest that the area
10:06has got wealthier and that would answer
10:08our second hypothesis has the economy of
10:10New isington been improved what was good
10:13about this well it enabled us to compare
10:15changes in time and get an indication of
10:18whether the area was getting more
10:20popular and what was not so good about
10:23this area that the wards actually
10:24covered some non-regenerated areas in
10:26anot as well as new wilington so the
10:29result results were not specific to new
10:31Islington so now we need to remind
10:33ourselves of how we presented our data
10:35and be able to explain why this was
10:36appropriate and helped us analyze it you
10:39will likely get some general questions
10:40too about how to present data I'll go
10:43through some of the most common ways to
10:44present data so first of all why do we
10:47present data rather than leave it as raw
10:49numbers we present data to make it
10:51visually easy to understand and to spot
10:55patterns when overlaid on a map we can
10:57see spatial differences too for example
11:00corth maps and land use maps use color
11:03shading to show differences from one
11:05area to the next and flow Maps plot size
11:08of data moving in a direction between
11:11places we presented our house price data
11:13as a chloropleth map annotated maps or
11:16field sketches are also a great way to
11:19point out features we're studying and to
11:21compare one place with another on the
11:23ground now When selecting the best way
11:26to present data it's important to think
11:28whether data is continous s or discreet
11:30so continuous
11:32data um shows changes along a line of
11:34study or over a period of time for
11:36example how a River's gradient changes
11:39as you move from source to mouth an
11:42appropriate way to present continuous
11:44data is as a line graph or scatter
11:47graphs that plots the correlation
11:48between two variables that are linked to
11:51the hypothesis remember with a positive
11:53correlation both variables increase and
11:56the graph slopes up from left to right
11:58with a negative correlation or
12:00relationship one variable increases
12:02while the other decreases and the graph
12:04slopes down from left to
12:06right discrete data classifies data into
12:11categories for example uh the age of
12:14tourists visiting Montana Bay in Jamaica
12:17bar charts and pie charts are a good way
12:19to present present discrete data and the
12:22data can be converted into percentages
12:25so different size data from different
12:26sites can be compared bar charts can be
12:29side by side or stacked note that pie
12:32charts work best if there aren't too
12:34many categories so they can be easily
12:36read if there are lots of categories the
12:39pie chart becomes cluttered and so bar
12:40charts are the best
12:43option we presented our data for
12:45hypothesis one about whether
12:46regeneration improves the environment
12:48using a bipolar graph to show
12:50Environmental Quality at site one and
12:51site two so this was a series of bar
12:54graphs for each environmental category
12:56that we graded such as litter and Noise
12:58by putting bars for site one and site
13:00site two next to each other we could
13:02clearly see if there was a large or
13:04small difference between the sites and
13:06this showed patterns that we could then
13:08analyze so if we think of what these
13:11results showed our analysis showed that
13:13overall news lingon had an Environmental
13:15Quality score of plus seven and anot
13:18works of minus 10 for most categories
13:21new isington scored higher than anot and
13:23therefore we can accept our hypothesis
13:26there were some exceptions however anot
13:28works called better for traffic noise in
13:30new isington as it was a side street and
13:33both areas scored badly for litter and
13:35both areas scored fairly well for public
13:37transport as they were near the
13:39tram we presented our photo data by
13:41annotating the photographs of each site
13:43to point out features that could be used
13:44to prove or reject a hypothesis so site
13:47one outside the anot works we looked at
13:49the plants that were coming out of the
13:50roof we looked at the brick work and
13:52windows of the buildings that were in
13:54poor condition we looked at the derel
13:56pub the graffiti on the walls and the
13:58pavement in the a bad state of repair
14:01and when we looked at site two new
14:03Islington regenerated area we noticed
14:06that the there was well-maintained
14:07buildings in a good state of repair
14:09there were clean walls and Pavements
14:10there was interesting designed buildings
14:12using a variety of materials and form to
14:14give character an interest there were
14:16private Gardens and off street parking
14:17and this enabled us to analyze the data
14:20and to come to the conclusion that the
14:23regenerated area has a more pleasant
14:25well-kept buildings and streets and
14:27therefore we can accept our hypothesis
14:28that regeneration has improved the
14:30environment we presented our data for
14:32our second hypothesis about regeneration
14:34improving the economy at the house price
14:36data as two choth maps one of house
14:40prices in 1990 before regeneration and
14:43the other in 2015 after regeneration so
14:46chath maps are ombre shaded Maps the
14:48greater the value in this case house
14:50prices the darker the color by shading
14:53the second map on tracing paper and
14:55layering it on top of the first we could
14:57clearly see changes in time and place
15:00again these Maps enabled us to analyze
15:02these patterns so the analysis showed
15:04that all areas have increased in house
15:06prices house prices have increased more
15:08though in anot that's the new isington
15:10Ward this indicates that regenerated
15:13areas are more desirable as prices have
15:16risen most here and it's attracting
15:19wealthier residents therefore there is
15:21more money in the area and we can accept
15:23our second hypothesis that regeneration
15:25has improved the economy you might be
15:28asked to evaluate one of your data
15:30presentation techniques in which case
15:31you could evaluate the use of chath maps
15:33first of all You' describe how you made
15:35your chath map and then you talk about
15:36the pros it's visual easy to spot
15:38differences between two areas you can
15:40compare two periods of time by
15:42overlaying the maps the cons on the
15:44other hand the enotes ward on the map
15:46covered an area bigger than the
15:47regenerated new Islington area alone so
15:50it didn't show variations within the
15:52wards and it wasn't easy to distinguish
15:53between the regenerated and
15:54non-regenerated areas so finally as well
15:57as evaluating your method the way to
15:59present data you also need to be able to
16:01evaluate your field work as a whole in
16:03particular you need to evaluate how
16:04reliable your results were and why and
16:06suggest how the field workor might have
16:08been improved so what did we do to make
16:10sure our results were reliable firstly
16:13we use stratified sampling so we
16:14included a regenerated and a
16:16non-regenerated area secondly we made
16:18judgments for the Environmental Quality
16:20survey in groups to represent of a range
16:22of
16:23opinions so why might our results and
16:25conclusions not have been completely
16:27accurate well firstly we only compared
16:30two areas so these might not have
16:31represented the whole area some
16:34categories of the Environmental Quality
16:35survey were subjective so one area that
16:38um might be noisy to one person might be
16:40fairly quiet to another sunny weather
16:42made us feel more positive about the
16:44area uh one problem with the ward data
16:47it covered an area bigger than just new
16:49Islington and house prices only suggest
16:51how desirable the area has become rather
16:54than if there are more jobs or income in
16:56the
16:57area what could we have done differently
16:59to make our results more reliable well
17:02we could have sampled more areas we
17:03could have used the noise app to measure
17:05noise rather than just relying on our
17:07opinion we could have looked at more
17:09accurate measures for the economy such
17:11as employment rates from census data or
17:13household income now make sure that you
17:16can answer these exam questions based on
17:18this field work

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