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How to drive a manual car for beginners (+ rev match + heel toe + uphill start) — Transcript

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0:00Today is the day you learn how to drive
0:02a manual transmission vehicle. Get
0:04inside your car and acquaint yourself
0:05with the two main differences that
0:07you're going to notice. The first is
0:08there's an extra pedal. So, we have the
0:10brake, we have the throttle, and now
0:12this is the clutch pedal. And here,
0:15rather than putting a car from park to
0:17drive to reverse and so on, you actually
0:20choose the individual gear. So, there
0:22are multiple gears that will help you go
0:24forward. And here we can see the H
0:27pattern is demonstrated here. first,
0:29second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth.
0:34Most cars are like this. Although there
0:35are some vehicles with a dog like
0:37transmission where the first gear is
0:38actually down here, but most cars are
0:41going to be just like this. Those are
0:42all your forward moving gears. And we
0:44have R for reverse. Now, different
0:46vehicles are going to have a different
0:48way of getting to reverse. In this Mazda
0:50Miata, we push down, left, and up, and
0:54that's how we get to reverse. Now,
0:55there's most vehicles are going to have
0:57a lockout like this is what it's called.
0:59And sometimes they have a collar here
1:00that you lift up to get into reverse.
1:02Sometimes you go to the right and down
1:04or right and up. In BMWs, you just push
1:06really hard. Every vehicle is a little
1:08bit different. But when it comes to the
1:09pedal box, they're all the same. That
1:11pedal on the left is going to be your
1:13clutch. Now, there is sometimes a fourth
1:15pedal out here, which is actually your
1:16parking brake. But my car here has a
1:20hand operated parking brake there. So,
1:23back to the clutch. What does this third
1:26pedal do? Your engine is spinning and
1:28it's spinning a flywheel. This flywheel
1:30is spinning in place and it's taking
1:32your potential and chemical energy from
1:34the fuel, combusting it, fire, boom,
1:35explosions, and it's creating this
1:38kinetic energy. Right? This flywheel is
1:40spinning. You then have a clutch and
1:42that's what this pedal is is working on.
1:44That clutch connects with the flywheel
1:47and that clutch is attached to the
1:49transmission. The transmission then goes
1:51back to the wheels through a
1:52differential and that's what actually
1:54gives us the forward motion. So, when
1:55we're pushing in this clutch pedal, all
1:57you need to know is that we're
1:58disconnecting the engine from the
2:00transmission. Now, normally in an
2:02automatic vehicle, you would just put
2:03your foot on the brake and press start.
2:06But you'll notice that the car doesn't
2:07actually start. That's because manual
2:09transmission vehicles have a clutch
2:11interlock. And what that means is that
2:13you need to actually depress the clutch
2:15pedal and then you can start the car.
2:20The reason being that if you're actually
2:23in gear when you start the car and your
2:25clutch is your clutch pedal is not fully
2:27depressed, then the car can lurch
2:29forward and it's not an ideal situation.
2:31So, I'm actually going to turn the car
2:33off and show you how to start the car
2:35properly. Cuz normally when you get on
2:36the car, it's going to look something
2:37like this. The car is usually placed
2:39into a gear and the parking brake is
2:41enabled. The reason being that the
2:43parking brake is mainly what's holding
2:45your car in place, but you put it in
2:47first gear just in case this fails,
2:49which is rare, but it does happen. So
2:51that the transmission, you know, the
2:52engine off and the transmission being in
2:54gear, it's going to try to roll forward,
2:56but since the engine doesn't want to
2:57spin, the car will generally stay in
2:59place unless you're on a very steep
3:00incline or decline. In an automatic
3:02transmission vehicle, you put it into P
3:04and there's a parking prawl. It's a
3:06different system here. So, the first
3:08thing you want to do when starting your
3:09manual transmission vehicle, foot on the
3:11brake, foot all the way down on the
3:13clutch. And keep in mind, the clutch is
3:15different than the throttle in that the
3:17throttle and the brake, we kind of press
3:19it a little bit here and there if we
3:20want to slow down a little bit or speed
3:21up a little bit. The clutch, you go all
3:23the way in and all the way out. So, it's
3:25going to go all the way in and then
3:27we're going to take our gear selector
3:28and put it into neutral. Now, if it's in
3:31the middle, that's how you know you're
3:33in neutral. You can actually wiggle it
3:34left and right. If you're in first or in
3:36any gear really, you won't be able to
3:38really wiggle it because it's going to
3:39be in that gate. So, we go into neutral,
3:42make sure it's in neutral by doing a
3:43little wiggle, and turn the car on. Now,
3:46I can let go of the clutch.
3:49And even though the engine is spinning,
3:51the rear wheels are not moving. Why is
3:53that? Simply because we're in neutral.
3:56We're not in any gear. So, even though
3:58my foot is not on the clutch pedal,
4:00we're not going anywhere because we're
4:01in neutral. The engine is just spinning
4:02freely and it's not connected to the
4:04wheels directly.
4:06Then we're going to turn off the parking
4:09brake, which may be an electronic button
4:10for you placed in different positions. A
4:12little P button. And now the hardest
4:16part of driving stick, but the part that
4:17you're going to tackle today is just
4:19getting moving without stalling. So, let
4:22me show you what a stall looks like.
4:23We're going to go into gear.
4:26The car tries to lurch forward. I have
4:28my foot on the brake and the engine
4:29stalled. Not a big deal. I'm going to go
4:32back into neutral, foot on the clutch,
4:35start the car again. So, we're going to
4:37want to avoid that. The way that happens
4:38is number one, you depress the clutch
4:40while you're in gear and your foot is on
4:42the brake. But number two, and more
4:44commonly is when you're trying to start
4:46from a stop. You have to, it's almost
4:49like a musical instrument. You have to
4:50play play this balancing game with the
4:52engine, with the machine, such that you
4:55have a little bit of give and take, and
4:57the car slowly starts to move. So, what
5:00I want you to do is lift your foot off
5:03the brake. And by the way, you should be
5:05doing this in a parking lot if that
5:06isn't already obvious. Don't do this on
5:07a moving road, right? And you're going
5:09to slowly let go of the clutch until
5:14you see the car start to move
5:19and then you can fully remove it and now
5:22you're rolling. That is literally the
5:23hardest part of driving stick. Now, if
5:25you want to stop, foot on the brake and
5:28clutch in. Whenever you're panicking,
5:31whenever you need to stop, remember,
5:33foot on the brake is the more important
5:34thing because worst case scenario,
5:37if I'm moving and I just put my foot on
5:39the brake and I don't clutch in, I just
5:41stall the engine. Not a big deal. But
5:43what you should do is put your foot on
5:45the brake and clutch in at the same time
5:47if you're coming to a complete stop. So,
5:49I'm going to start the car again,
5:51put into neutral, and I want you to just
5:53repeat this multiple times in your
5:56parking lot. You're going to clutch in,
5:58go to first, foot off the brake, and
6:00slowly let off until you find that
6:02engagement point where the car starts
6:04moving forward, and then you can fully
6:06lift off. Our right foot is not yet
6:08touching the throttle. Do this multiple
6:11times. Find that engagement point, get
6:12comfortable with it. Then, what we're
6:14going to do is add a little bit of
6:16throttle. Now, keep in mind there's a
6:18bit of a balancing act here. So, what I
6:20don't want you to do as we get started
6:21is rev your engine really high and then
6:24let go of your clutch because that is
6:26going to damage and wear out your clutch
6:27at a much more accelerated rate. So,
6:30what you want to do is clutch in
6:34first, find the engagement point, and
6:37give a little bit of gas.
6:40The game is actually to give the least
6:42amount of gas possible that you don't
6:45lug or stall the engine. So stalling,
6:47I've already showed you. Lugging is
6:49something like this where the engine
6:52starts kind of lurching forward and back
6:54because you're pushing the engine at too
6:57low of an RPM or you're asking for too
7:00much load from the engine at too low of
7:02an RPM. Now, this is the one and only
7:05time when you are driving a manual
7:07transmission vehicle where you want to
7:08have some slip in the clutch because
7:11this is the only time where the car is
7:12stopped, right? Starting in first, the
7:14engine is spinning, the wheels are
7:16stopped, and to get the wheels to spin,
7:18we need to have a little bit of slip so
7:19that the flywheel and clutch can get to
7:21the same speed. So, there needs to be a
7:24little bit of this give and take, this
7:25little bit of slip until you fully let
7:27go of the clutch. And now everything is
7:29connected fully with no slip, no um no
7:33loss of energy there.
7:37So keep doing that multiple times
7:39until it feels more natural. We're only
7:42doing first gear right now.
7:45Remember to stop, brake, and clutch at
7:48the same time. Push it into neutral.
7:50Clutch in first.
7:53Just like that. Nice and easy.
7:58Now, once you're feeling comfortable
7:59with that, let's shift into second.
8:01Here's the good news. If you have
8:02already been able to move in first,
8:04that's literally the hardest part. After
8:05this, it is way easier. And you're not
8:08going to stall while you're moving. As
8:10you go faster, you need to go into
8:11higher gears. So, just like when you're
8:13riding a bicycle, when you're going up a
8:15steep hill or you're going very slow,
8:16you have a low gear like one in this
8:18instance. And when you're going very
8:19fast, you're going downhill or going as
8:21quickly as you can, you go into a higher
8:22gear, like six on the highway, as an
8:25example. So, when we're shifting between
8:27gears, we're going to clutch in and then
8:30pull the gear shift to the next gear and
8:32then clutch out with the key the key
8:35distinction that we're going to let go
8:37of the throttle. When you're shifting up
8:39between gears from first to second,
8:41second to third, third to fourth, and so
8:43on, you should never have your right
8:45foot on the throttle. You should always
8:47let go of the throttle and then push in
8:49the clutch all the way. So, we're going
8:51to get back into first.
8:56Build a little bit of speed. And now we
8:58get into second. Clutch in. Let go of
9:00the throttle. Pull down. Clutch out. And
9:02there we go. You're now in second.
9:07And every other gear follows the same
9:09mechanism. I'm approaching a speed bump.
9:12Brake. I'm going to clutch in. Go into
9:14first.
9:19And we're going to do that again. Going
9:21to first. Clutch in. Pull back. Go into
9:24second. Now, third is a little bit
9:27trickier because now we're having to go
9:28horizontal with the gear shift. But
9:31there's a centering spring here that's
9:32going to pull the gear shift towards the
9:34middle. So, as I just push this upward,
9:37look what happens. It goes to the center
9:40and straight forward is now third.
9:44You want to be careful here. Don't be
9:46forcing it too much in one direction.
9:48Because if you're in second,
9:51let's say you're in second and pretend
9:52we're moving and you want to shift into
9:53third. If you're like, "Oh, third is a
9:55little bit that way. Let me go all the
9:56way there." You're going to go into
9:57fifth. And when you go into fifth, now
10:00your revs are going to be way too low.
10:01You're going to lug the engine, possibly
10:03stall. And if you go too much to the
10:05left and you're not letting the the
10:07actual gear shift recenter itself,
10:10then you're going to go into first. And
10:11if you are pushing the car hard going to
10:14red line and you shift from second to
10:16first, that's a very bad thing called a
10:18money shift. The reason it's called a
10:19money shift is that it costs a lot of
10:21money because you're going to need to
10:22replace your entire engine. So keep in
10:24mind the centering spring on cars,
10:26sometimes it can be a little worn down,
10:28not doing its thing. So you want to be
10:29patient with the car and don't rush or
10:32force anything. You need to have
10:33mechanical sympathy
10:35and you need to listen to the rhythm of
10:37the car cuz it'll tell you how fast it
10:38wants to shift. When you drive an Audi
10:41R8, as an example,
10:43it has a light flywheel and the revs
10:45drop very rapidly. In this Miata, it
10:48doesn't drop so rapidly. I can take it
10:50nice and easy between gears. So, we're
10:52going to shift up into third one more
10:54time. Clutch into first. There we go.
10:57Clutch in. Let go of the throttle. Pull
10:59back into second. Clutch out. Now we're
11:01in second. Build the speed. Same thing
11:04again. Clutch in. Let it fall to the
11:06center. Go into third and out. When
11:09you're first doing this, do it nice and
11:11slow. And
11:13your actual revs may not always be as
11:17smooth. That will come with time. Do not
11:19rush things because when there's a lot
11:21of stuff going on as you get more
11:23comfortable driving stick, you will be
11:25much smoother. And what you want to do
11:27is actually have your tachometer, which
11:29tells you the engine revs, how fast it's
11:31spinning, to always be smooth. Never
11:32never any jerky action. So, as an
11:34example, if I go from first, I'm going
11:36to do a jerky right now. First to
11:38second, I'm gonna wait too long.
11:42See that jerk? Not good. What you want
11:44to do is actually be smooth. So here,
11:47second,
11:49it just slowly falls right to place. And
11:52that's about getting into a rhythm with
11:54the car and understanding
11:56what the car is telling you and giving
11:58it that mechanical sympathy, that
12:00understanding, again, like a musical
12:01instrument.
12:07So, that's upshifting. Let's also
12:09briefly cover reverse. It's the same
12:11thing as going into first. So, clutch
12:13in. And the lockout, remember, is
12:15pushing down. So, I'm going to push
12:16down, left, and up. My reverse camera is
12:19on. And then, same thing. You're going
12:20to start with just letting go of the
12:22clutch. Get used to that a few times,
12:25come to a stop, go back to neutral.
12:27Practice that multiple times. And then
12:29eventually, you're going to start adding
12:31gas like so.
12:34Now, a few bad habits I want you to
12:36avoid. Number one, do not touch the gear
12:38selector unless you're actually shifting
12:39gears. A lot of people will ride drive
12:41like this. They think it's cool. No,
12:42you're actually wearing out the shift
12:43forks. Don't do that. And you want to be
12:46at 9 and three with your hands anyways
12:48on the steering wheel. The other bad
12:49habit is called riding the clutch. So,
12:53you you let it slip and you keep
12:55slipping even though you're moving.
12:57That's not good. That's going to wear
12:58out your clutch faster. Another one is
13:01being fully depressed on the clutch when
13:03you're stopping at a light or at a stop
13:04sign. That's not good either because
13:06this is bad for your throwout bearing.
13:08You want to go into neutral, let your
13:10foot off the clutch. That's a better
13:12habit for your car and for your car's
13:14longevity. So,
13:17the hardest part, I promise, was just
13:19getting started from a stop. Now, the
13:21last thing I want to talk about is how
13:23to downshift from a higher gear to a
13:25lower gear. When we upshift, going from
13:27a lower gear to a higher gear, you'll
13:29notice that the revs naturally drop,
13:31right? So, I I rev up and then I go to
13:33second, I let clutch out and it's
13:35naturally lower, and I rev up,
13:38clutch in, and so on. But if I
13:40downshift, look, the revs go up
13:45and up again. So, ignore the footwork
13:48there. Those we're going to get to what
13:50those techniques are. But what I want
13:52you to first start doing when you are
13:54downshifting is just slowly let off the
13:56clutch. Because if I go here into second
13:59into third and I slowly let off the
14:02clutch, there's going to be a little bit
14:03of slip. It's going to bring that speed
14:05up and it's smooth.
14:07But then what happens if I let's get up
14:10to third. If I quickly let off the
14:13clutch,
14:15it's going to be jerky and cause more
14:17wear and tear on my clutch.
14:19Get that buck. Not good. want to avoid
14:21that. You always want to be smooth. So,
14:23what you do is remember how I was saying
14:26earlier when you upshift, you never
14:28actually want your uh right foot on the
14:31throttle. When you downshift, you're
14:33going to do a little blip, little jab of
14:35the throttle to get the revs up. And
14:37that way, when your clutch is in, when
14:40you're in gear, you can rev this, right?
14:42Even though I'm in gear, my clutch is
14:44depressed. The engine and the wheels are
14:46not connected. But this is going to let
14:47the engine get to the right speed and
14:49I'm going to match that the flywheel and
14:50the clutch when they come together it's
14:52nice and smooth. So the way you do that
14:54is just a brief jab with the throttle
14:57and each car is going to be a little bit
14:58different. It's going to,
15:01you know, there's a bit of a learning
15:02curve, but that's okay. You're not going
15:03to be smooth initially. So here I'm
15:05going to clutch in
15:07down into second. Now let's do that
15:10again.
15:12Going to go into third
15:14and I'm going to clutch in. go into
15:16second and blip at the same time. Just
15:19like that.
15:22We can do that from fourth, going into
15:24third,
15:28and then again going into second.
15:33Now, the question that naturally arises,
15:35what do you do if you want to slow down
15:40and downshift? Let's say you're
15:41approaching a corner
15:43and you're going too fast. ask you to
15:44slow down a little bit. And as you slow
15:46down, you want to get into the right
15:47gear because your engine operates
15:48between certain RPMs. It's not an
15:51electric vehicle that has a one-speed
15:53transmission. There are six speeds in
15:55this transmission if you're not counting
15:56reverse.
16:00[Music]
16:01Then we introduce heel toe. And all that
16:04is, it sounds so complicated. It's a
16:06very simple thing. It's just pressing
16:08the brakes. And just like we did the rev
16:10match before, same exact movement, but
16:12you're just using the right side of your
16:14foot or kind of the heel, not really.
16:17Just jabbing it like that. Now, some
16:18people prefer actually rolling like
16:21this. I personally don't like that
16:23because what happens if your foot slips
16:24off the brake? That's a totally valid uh
16:27technique, and many people do it without
16:30issue. I've always felt a little bit
16:31uncomfortable. I just like to do this.
16:34So, we're going to break and then jab
16:36the throttle just like that. to rep
16:39match at the same time. And to show you
16:40this, we're going to get out on the
16:43street so we can be at speed, which is
16:45when you're actually going to be doing
16:47your heel toe downs.
16:50[Music]
16:59That's just a regular match. Now a heel
17:01toe.
17:03[Music]
17:09Upshift into third.
17:12Upshift into fourth.
17:16Upshift into fifth.
17:18And now the downshift rev match. I'm not
17:20going to slow down. I'm not going to be
17:22on the brakes. Just going to do a
17:23regular rev match. That's fourth. That's
17:26third.
17:31Now, there are a couple advanced
17:33techniques that we're going to cover for
17:35those that want to know how to be the
17:37top 1% of manual transmission drivers,
17:41which is double clutching. Double
17:43clutching is not necessary in modern
17:46vehicles. In fact, just about every
17:48modern vehicle except for semi-truckss
17:50is going to have synchronizers or
17:52synchros in your transmission. So,
17:54there's an input shaft that needs to get
17:56spun up to match this the speed of all
17:59the other components in the
18:00transmission.
18:02And synchros, their job is to actually
18:04synchronize the input shaft.
18:07However,
18:09if you're driving an older vehicle that
18:11doesn't have synchros or synchros are
18:14failing, like when I was driving my
18:15buddy Fenton from the ZY Green YouTube
18:16channel, his 1991 Acura NSX, the
18:19Synchros were failing. So, I had to
18:20double clutch when I was driving it.
18:23Now, double clutching is used when you
18:25are downshifting. So, let's say, let's
18:27say I was in fourth and I want to go
18:28into third. I would clutch in, go into
18:32neutral, clutch out, flip the throttle,
18:35clutch in again, and then go into third.
18:38So, there's an extra step. Normally,
18:41normally you would just go from fourth
18:42to third and let go of the clutch. I'm
18:45not going to do that right now because
18:45I'll stall. And, um, that would be a
18:48normal downshift. a double clutch is you
18:50stop in neutral very briefly, very
18:53quickly and then you go into the next
18:56lower gear and that allows you yourself
18:59to get that input shaft up to speed and
19:01it reduces the load on the synchros.
19:04This is an optional thing, not
19:05necessary.
19:07So, we're going to go up
19:10into fourth and out to double clutch.
19:14Just like that and into second
19:18just like that. That wasn't the cleanest
19:19one. I under revved it ever so slightly.
19:26I will show you a double clutch heel
19:28toe. But I first want to show you how do
19:31you start a car
19:35when you're on an incline like this.
19:36This is one thing that a lot of manual
19:38drivers really fear, right?
19:41Because if you're slow and new to
19:43driving a manual, you go into first, you
19:45let go of this. And there we go.
19:48Normally you start rolling back and
19:49that's scary. I guess my Mazda Miata has
19:52automatic uh hill stop which many cars
19:55like my Scion FRS that I learned how to
19:56drive stick on did not. So what you do
19:59is you actually engage your parking
20:00brake. And now if you let go of the
20:02brake, your car is not going to roll
20:03back. You clutch in, get into first. You
20:06take your time and then get to your
20:10engagement point nice and slow. Give it
20:12a little bit of gas. You'll feel the car
20:13want to pull. And at that moment, you're
20:16gonna let go of the parking brake and
20:18the car is going to roll forward without
20:19rolling back at all. Simple as that.
20:23Practice that. And especially on these
20:25steeper inclines, it's going to be a
20:27very helpful technique. However, over
20:29time, as you get used to your car,
20:31you're going to be able to just clutch
20:32in and very quickly get going, and
20:35you'll roll back maybe half an inch or
20:37an inch. It's going to be a very quick
20:39process. Just remember that each car has
20:41a different engagement point with the
20:43clutch.
20:44All right. So, a double clutch heel toe
20:46is the single most advanced technique in
20:48driving a manual transmission. And
20:50that's where you do
20:52that. It is a heel toe and a double
20:55clutch at the same time. It is optional.
20:57It is not necessary. If your synchros
20:59are failing or you don't have synchros
21:01and you want a heel toe at the same
21:02time, that is the only time you need to
21:05do it. But if you enjoy just perfecting
21:07a craft like I do, then maybe you'll
21:09want to do it anyway.
21:16Because I think what you'll find is the
21:18game of trying to be smoother and better
21:20as a manual transmission driver is a lot
21:23of the fun.
21:25With automatic vehicles, there's no fun
21:27in accelerating or braking. But when you
21:29drive a manual transmission vehicle,
21:31it's all up to you.
21:33And you'll find this joy as you become a
21:36better driver. You become smoother.
21:38You'll even start playing an internal
21:39game where you want to, let's say you're
21:41driving at night and people aren't able
21:43to see down here. You want the person to
21:45be surprised that the car is even a
21:47manual transmission. You want to be so
21:48smooth that they think it's an automatic
21:51vehicle. So remember, at a stoplight,
21:53I'm going to clutch in, go into neutral,
21:55and my foot is not on the clutch pedal.
21:57And then when it's my turn to go, clutch
21:59in first, and just like that.
22:09As you slow down to a red light, you
22:10want to downshift
22:12so that if you you can use engine
22:14braking to slow you down. As the engine
22:17goes to higher revs, there's more
22:18resistance and it's going to slowly
22:21bring me down to speed without me having
22:22to use the brake pedal.
22:26I don't want to be driving at a high
22:28speed. Like, I don't want to go around
22:29driving at 4,000 RPM. It's wasting extra
22:32fuel. It's pushing the engine harder
22:34than I need to.
22:36So, each car is going to have a
22:38different operating range, and you just
22:39again need to listen to the car.
22:43So, fourth, we're going to do double
22:45clutch, gel toe.
22:47Third,
22:49second,
22:51first.
22:52You should only go into first if you're
22:56at a stop or a near stop and you're just
22:59doing a regular clutch in or if you have
23:02done a double clutch. You should never
23:04be pushing a car past, I don't know, 5
23:0710 m an hour and trying to force it into
23:09first. It's very hard on the
23:11transmission. Yes, the synchros are
23:13working, but they're working overtime
23:15because the gear ratios are so
23:16aggressive in first gear. Do not do
23:18that. I see a lot of people do that on
23:19YouTube. Big no.
23:22And there you have it, my friends.
23:24That's how to drive stick shift. Let me
23:25know if you have any questions with a
23:26comment down below.

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