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How to Design a USB-C Power Supply (5V–28V) in 3 Hours | Full Tutorial | EasyEDA — Transcript

by Robert Feranec · 17,433 words · 3,584 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:00In this tutorial, you will design and
0:03build this USB-C power supply board.
0:05Even if you have never designed any
0:07board before, you can do it.
0:09When you get your board, it is very easy
0:11to use. Based on this table, you set
0:14these switches to select your output
0:16voltage. This is the input and this is
0:18the output.
0:19Connect USB-C power adapter.
0:22Check if the LED for your selected
0:24voltage is on.
0:26And when we measure the output, it is 12
0:29V.
0:30I really hope you will find this
0:32tutorial useful and you will enjoy
0:34designing this board. Let's start.
0:36To design this board, no software
0:38installation is required. You will do
0:40everything in your internet browser.
0:44Go to easyeda.com.
0:49Be sure you register and log in and we
0:52are going to use this pro edition.
0:57Now, file
0:59new
1:00project.
1:03I'm going to name the project as USB-C
1:08advanced
1:10power supply.
1:15Save.
1:19We can close this.
1:22And I'm going to rename
1:26our project.
1:31Okay, I'm going to copy this.
1:36And
1:38I'm going to use the same name
1:45here.
1:47And
1:48this one I'm just going to call
1:50schematic.
1:52And this one I'm going to call PCB.
1:57Okay, open this.
2:02Now,
2:03I'm going to put here my company name,
2:06Federel.
2:09See, it
2:10updated.
2:13Version one issue zero.
2:17I'm going to put here my name, Robert
2:19Renanek.
2:22Close this.
2:25And save.
2:29Now, I'm going to make it a little bit
2:31bigger because it was very small
2:33schematic page.
2:35Well, and I I will update it also down
2:37here.
2:39See, it's A3.
2:43And uh
2:44I'm going to
2:46name or I'm going to put the name of
2:50the schematic directly on the schematic
2:51page.
2:57Like this.
3:00So, for example, if you print this
3:03schematic or if you if you make PDF of
3:06this schematic, everyone will know what
3:09is this schematic about.
3:14I will make it a little bit bigger,
3:16bold.
3:19Place.
3:20And I will put it on the top of the
3:22schematic page.
3:25Like this.
3:28Okay?
3:31Save.
3:34Now,
3:36go to LCSC website.
3:41This is the website where we are going
3:42to find all our components.
3:46And the first one what we need is this
3:49integrated circuit
3:52for the USB power delivery. So, I'm
3:54going to find it.
4:00I know this company is making very good
4:03chips.
4:05Let's have a look what they have.
4:13And I would like to use
4:17the one which supports up to 28 volts.
4:20So, not this one.
4:23But
4:27this one.
4:29So, this is in a
4:32very easy footprint to solder down by
4:34hand and it is up to 28 volts. They
4:37don't have it in stock, but
4:39it's okay. We don't have to worry.
4:41So, I'm going to copy this LCSC part
4:43number
4:45and in our schematic place
4:47device
4:50paste
4:51and search.
4:54Okay. They don't have it in stock, but
4:56still we can try to use it.
4:59So, place this chip into our schematic
5:03and save.
5:07I really don't like this uh
5:09mm
5:11how the chip uh schematic symbol looks.
5:15So, I'm going to save it
5:18into my personal library.
5:24Also, create new footprint.
5:29And then in my personal library
5:32I'm going to find it.
5:35Here it is. And we are going to edit the
5:37schematic symbol.
5:40So, I would like to reorder the the pins
5:43to make it a little bit easier to read
5:46the schematic.
5:49So, the ground is usually on the bottom,
5:52power is usually on the top.
5:56These are some
5:59pins
6:01which we will use a little bit later.
6:03I'm going to delete these.
6:08Be very careful. Be sure you are using
6:100.1
6:12size grid. It's very, very important.
6:16I will adjust the size of the symbol.
6:19And here I will place the VBUS pin.
6:23I will place these USB uh signals on the
6:26left side.
6:29And uh these configuration pins on the
6:32right side of my symbol.
6:35Uh I do it this way because
6:38uh that's how the signals uh usually
6:40flows in your schematic, in your
6:42circuit, and it will make uh
6:45your schematic easier to read. So,
6:47that's why I'm
6:51changing uh position of these pins.
6:59Okay, I will move this a little bit
7:00down.
7:02And
7:05like this.
7:09Looks good.
7:11Okay, we can save this.
7:14I can close this.
7:16Now, I'm going to delete this one.
7:20And I'm going to use the one which we
7:22just
7:23created.
7:26And this looks much, much better.
7:31Save. I keep saving because, you know,
7:35hm I learned the hard way.
7:37Always when you do something new, save,
7:39so you don't lose your work.
7:44I will make this uh nicer.
7:47And you can watch where I place the
7:48symbol. You can do it same way.
7:55We are going to open data sheet.
7:58And uh we are going to find
8:03reference schematic. Okay, this is going
8:05to tell us how to connect
8:08our chip. This is what we need.
8:10So, I'm going to zoom in.
8:14And the first component what we need is
8:17this 1 microfarad capacitor.
8:23So, save.
8:25Now, go to LCSC.
8:28I'm going to
8:31find passives, capacitors,
8:34ceramic capacitors.
8:38And we are going to use capacitors from
8:41Samsung.
8:44This one.
8:45And what do we need? Do you remember?
8:481 microfarad. Okay?
8:51So, we need
8:531
8:55microfarad.
8:57Now, it's very important this voltage
8:59rating. We could go up to 35, but we can
9:02use this one, 50 volts.
9:04Let's have a look what they have.
9:07And
9:09this one looks all Okay.
9:11Don't forget that we are designing a
9:13board which goes up to 28 volts. I'm
9:15going to copy this.
9:18And we are I'm going to place the
9:19capacitor
9:22into our schematic.
9:27So, because the input voltage can be up
9:28to 28 volts, it is important to be very,
9:32very careful
9:35with all the components what we will be
9:37using in our schematic.
9:42We have to connect this capacitor
9:43between uh
9:47VHV and ground.
9:52So, I'm going to
9:56draw this connection.
10:01And I'm going to
10:03place
10:04this power symbol.
10:07I'm going to rename it.
10:10It's going to be plus. Plus, it means
10:13it's power.
10:15Plus V
10:17_USB.
10:21Okay.
10:23And uh
10:25connect the second
10:27pin of the capacitor to ground.
10:31So, I'm going to use ground symbol.
10:36I'm going to connect it.
10:39And I'm going to hide this name. Because
10:42all the grounds are going to be exactly
10:43same. We don't need to show the name.
10:50VBUS is also connected to VHV.
10:54So, I'm going to copy this.
10:58And we will connect VBUS
11:01to this power net. Always when I create
11:04power net or when I create a net, uh I
11:07always copy and paste them. I don't
11:09manually write the names
11:12uh if they already exist in my
11:14schematic. So, because I don't want to
11:16make mistakes.
11:19Uh okay, ground is connected to ground.
11:22So, this is simple.
11:24This here.
11:25Again, I'm going to just copy and paste
11:27it because it already exists in my
11:29schematic.
11:34Okay.
11:37Now, we need this USB C connector.
11:42So, connectors.
11:46USB
11:48USB
11:55This one is
11:57in stock.
12:01Looks good. So, I'm going to copy this
12:03one.
12:06And we are going to place it into our
12:08schematic.
12:29Okay. So, this is the USB C connector. I
12:31flip it
12:36to make it look nicer and also to, you
12:39know,
12:40face the connector the way
12:43so it's easier to read the schematic.
12:47We can connect the ground pins. This is
12:49very simple connection.
12:50And this is the shield. So, the shield
12:53is also connected to ground.
13:01Okay.
13:02I'm going to copy the ground symbol
13:05and
13:07paste it here.
13:13Perfect.
13:18I just make it a little bit nicer.
13:27I move this
13:29at the beginning so I don't
13:31I can easily find the data sheet. And
13:33now we are going to connect these plus
13:36and minus
13:37or positive and negative
13:40pins of the USB interface.
13:45Okay, this is the positive. This is the
13:47negative
13:49signal of the USB differential pair.
13:53I'm going to
13:55name these nets.
13:59We would like to name it because
14:02then when we'll be doing PCB layout you
14:05can very nicely see what kind of signals
14:07you are routing.
14:10Okay, P P P M
14:13and
14:14and okay, perfect.
14:17Be sure to double check.
14:19And uh
14:20we need to connect
14:22these two together
14:24and these two together.
14:31Okay. Now these CC pins
14:37uh just connect them.
14:41This is the CC1
14:45and CC2.
14:49Now I'm not going to draw
14:51the connection pin to pin. I'm going to
14:53just name
14:56this net and then we will use the same
14:59net name also
15:02when we will draw these nets on the chip
15:05then these nets will be automatically
15:07connected because they have exactly same
15:09name.
15:11So if I would like to connect these I
15:14need to use the same names. So I'm going
15:16to copy
15:18and paste it here.
15:21And I'm going to copy this one
15:24and paste it here.
15:28Okay, CC1 CC1 CC1 CC1 2222.
15:33Double check be sure
15:36everything is correctly connected.
15:41For the USB interface, we also need uh
15:44protection.
15:46So, circuit protection
15:50and
15:51uh TVS diodes.
15:55I'm going to use this one
16:00in stock.
16:04And uh
16:07let's check this one.
16:10I'm going to find data sheet
16:15just to see if this is a good one for
16:17USB protection.
16:22Okay, it says USB.
16:25So, we can use it.
16:29Uh let's
16:32copy the
16:33number
16:36and
16:37place it
16:38into our schematic.
16:43Uh they have it in stock.
16:46So, that's good.
16:48And I will place them like here.
16:53Maybe move it a little bit.
16:59And press space bar, you can rotate.
17:08Space bar
17:10to rotate.
17:17I will move it a little bit.
17:20and
17:22we can connect it.
17:27Second pin goes to
17:29ground
17:32on this one
17:35and also on this one.
17:43Okay.
17:46Now Vbus.
17:49So this is the power
17:52USB power.
18:00I'm going to copy
18:02and paste the power symbol here.
18:06And usually we would like to place some
18:07capacitors here.
18:09So I'm going to find again again
18:13passives capacitors.
18:15Ceramic capacitors.
18:19Do you remember what manufacturer we
18:21use? Samsung.
18:24And we need like 100
18:27nanofarads
18:32or 402
18:3450 volts
18:36in stock.
18:40This one looks okay.
18:44So we can copy it
18:46and place it into our schematic.
18:54These capacitors are used mostly for
18:57filtering.
18:59Okay?
19:00And I use two because there are two
19:03V
19:05bus pins on the connector so we will
19:07place one 100 nanofarad close to one pin
19:10and the other one close to the other
19:12pin.
19:16Okay.
19:24Now, I I've seen a note about this CC2
19:27pin
19:28here in data sheet.
19:30Simulation e-marker function. Connect 1K
19:33resistor from the CCC CC2 pin to ground.
19:39Here.
19:40So, first let's find this resistor. So,
19:43passives, resistors, chip resistor.
19:49Uh
19:49for resistors, we are going to use this
19:51Uni-Royal
19:530402.
19:55Uh do you remember which one? 1K.
19:59So, search for 1
20:01K.
20:02Select it.
20:05Plus minus 1%.
20:07We would like to only see the ones they
20:10have in stock.
20:12And we can use this one.
20:16So, I'm going to place it into
20:19our schematic.
20:24And connect between the CC2 pin
20:31and
20:35ground.
20:40Okay.
20:44Uh
20:47by default, uh maybe we don't want to
20:49have this resistor fitted.
20:53So, what I'm going to do, I'm going to
20:54select it, and here I will mark no.
21:02And maybe what we can do, we can also
21:04add a note.
21:11So, you know, to remind ourselves that
21:15if we need
21:16we can just fit this resistor for
21:18testing.
21:20But normally we don't need this
21:22resistor.
21:24So, CC2 pull down resistor should not
21:28be needed
21:32if the right cable
21:35is used.
21:41Okay, before fitting
21:45this resistor, be sure you know what you
21:50are doing.
21:54We can use black color.
21:58Maybe Arial, smaller.
22:020.1
22:05and place.
22:13Okay.
22:18I'm going to make this
22:21NF text
22:26and we will place it over
22:29the resistor.
22:30So, this is also a note telling us do
22:33not fit this resistor.
22:40Now, let's connect this configuration
22:42pins.
22:44So, in data sheet, we are going to use
22:47this level configuration feature.
22:50And in data sheet we can see
22:53for different
22:54configuration pins we can have different
22:56output voltages. And here are some
22:58notes.
23:01So, uh
23:03pin one, maybe it will need pull-up
23:06resistor.
23:09Uh
23:13Okay, we will place pull-up resistors so
23:15to 3.3 volts on all of the pins. That's
23:18that is safe option.
23:20So, I'm going to find 10k
23:23resistor.
23:31Hm, I'm just checking these prices. Some
23:34of them are for 100 components, some of
23:36them are for
23:38one piece.
23:41Uh I'm going to use
23:47maybe this one. Again, they don't have
23:48it in stock, but
23:50you know, it this keeps changing all the
23:52time. Or maybe JLCPCB will have them in
23:55stock.
23:57LCSC maybe or see
24:00LCSC doesn't have them, but JLCPCB have
24:02them in stock.
24:05I'm going to place three resistors. I
24:08will connect all the three configuration
24:10pins to these pull-ups.
24:12It's not necessary because, you know,
24:13data sheet says
24:15configuration pin two and three they
24:17have internal pull-ups,
24:19but just in case, it's always useful
24:22to have the possibility to connect also
24:24these external pull-ups
24:27if needed.
24:29And the
24:32second pin of the pull-up, uh we need to
24:34connect to 3.3 volts.
24:39That's the voltage of the internal
24:41regulator for the chip. I I actually
24:43contacted the chip manufacturer, and
24:45they told me there is internal
24:47regulator, 3.3 regulator.
24:52I'm going to name these
24:54three nets. So, this one is
24:57CFG1.
25:01CFG2
25:03and it is also
25:05I squared C clock.
25:07And this one is three
25:09and I squared C
25:12data.
25:14Double check if they are connected
25:16correctly.
25:18And don't forget to save your schematic
25:20so you don't lose your work.
25:25Now, if you would like to support also
25:26this single resistor configuration,
25:30then we would like to provide this
25:32optional
25:33configuration pin one to connect to
25:35ground.
25:37Somewhere here, I'm going to
25:41for example, find this 6.8 kiloohm
25:44resistor.
25:46And we can just place it into schematic.
25:48Again, we are not going to fit it by
25:51default,
25:53but uh maybe later we would like to do
25:56some testing, so we would like to
25:58support it.
26:00Uh we can use
26:05maybe this one. No, no, this one doesn't
26:08have the symbol and footprint.
26:11So,
26:17I don't know.
26:19This one maybe.
26:22It's not really important
26:24because you know, we are not going to
26:25fit it by default, but
26:29but we can use this one.
26:34So, place it.
26:36Even if we are not going to fit it by
26:38default, I still would like to use some
26:40kind of correct
26:42resistor in case we would like to fit
26:44it.
26:48So, I'm going to connect it.
26:51One pin goes to CFG1.
26:55Uh I don't like this. I will move it a
26:58little bit away because I don't like the
27:00cross connection.
27:05And the second pin is connected to
27:07ground.
27:13Okay, this moved a little bit.
27:16So, make it nicer.
27:20And uh
27:21unfit this.
27:27Copy.
27:29Paste.
27:33Okay.
27:39Let's go back to data sheet and let's
27:42have a look again at reference
27:44schematic.
27:45So, this one is for the single resistor.
27:48And this is how it looks. So, connected
27:50to ground.
27:53And uh
27:56in this configuration,
27:59we may want to support also this one.
28:01So, 100 kiloohm on VHV, not 3.3 volts.
28:08Okay, see?
28:10So, let's find 100 kiloohm resistor.
28:19Okay.
28:20And again, this is just in case. It
28:23doesn't mean we have to use this
28:24connection. Uh we can use this one.
28:27But, we would like to support it
28:30in case we need this resistor, we can
28:33then easily fit it.
28:36So, I'm going to place it.
28:41This is actually the way how you create
28:43uh complicated schematics.
28:45Uh if you are not sure about uh some
28:48connections,
28:49you can always place that the
28:51components, just do not fit them by
28:53default, and later
28:57Okay, VHV.
28:59It is this one.
29:01Uh later, you can then experiment.
29:06That's why we would like to unfit this
29:08one, but we would like to still have it
29:10there.
29:14Okay? If needed, we can always fit it
29:16because it is in reference schematic.
29:18Maybe we will need it.
29:23I'm going to add a note, so we don't
29:25forget
29:28why we placed these resistors.
29:32And everyone else who is reading your
29:33schematic then also will know
29:37why
29:38we placed these resistors in.
29:41So, the unfitted resistors uh are just
29:44for experimenting.
29:55Next, these switches.
29:57So, uh
29:59in LCSC,
30:02search for switches,
30:07DIP switches.
30:11Now, number of positions, three.
30:15SMD,
30:17in stock.
30:22And uh this one?
30:25This one looks good.
30:28Okay, this is exactly
30:30what we can use.
30:32They have symbol and footprint, so copy
30:35the part number,
30:37and we can
30:39place it into our
30:41schematic.
30:56We are going to connect these config
30:58pins.
31:00So, I'm going to draw these connections
31:03and then I will show you a small trick
31:06when you do copy
31:07uh in the schematic. Notice this is
31:09different if you draw this rectangle
31:11from bottom
31:13uh
31:14bottom right and top left corner.
31:17So, top left corner only select the
31:19items which are inside of the
31:22square.
31:24Bottom right corner select everything
31:25crossing.
31:28So, now the ground on the other side.
31:33And the switches are connected.
31:37The trick with the selection is very
31:39useful. Remember it, okay? It also works
31:42when we will be doing PCB layout.
31:49Now, I'm going to name this
31:51uh
31:53So, again everyone who is uh reading
31:55your schematic
31:57or who is reading our schematic will
31:58know
32:00what is this block of schematic actually
32:03doing.
32:05So, these are uh
32:07output voltage selection selection
32:10switches. I'm going to make it a little
32:11bit smaller.
32:16Okay.
32:21And I'm going to name also these two
32:23other blocks.
32:25So, this one is the
32:28USB C
32:29connector.
32:35This is what will make your uh schematic
32:37more professional.
32:41Add these uh
32:43notes, add these names.
32:46Because then it's very easy to
32:48use this schematic. Very easy to read
32:51this schematic and understand what is
32:54inside of this schematic.
33:02Okay?
33:06And uh I'm going to draw a very simple
33:10table
33:12which will explain actually how these
33:14switches work and how these switches
33:16will set the output voltage.
33:22So,
33:24draw it like this.
33:26Very, very simple table.
33:28We would like to list the config pins
33:33and then the output voltage
33:36in this table.
33:45Go to data sheet and find this uh table.
33:51So,
33:52on the top of the table we will place
33:56names of the
33:59pins.
34:03CFG1
34:11We can just copy it.
34:21So, this one is going to be two.
34:26This one is three.
34:28And this is the
34:30output
34:32voltage.
34:36Okay.
34:39Uh 9 12 20 28 5
34:47So, I will start with 5, you know, so
34:50it's in
34:53a logical order from the smallest one or
34:56the lowest one to the highest one.
35:01Uh do you remember all the
35:03voltages?
35:055 9 12
35:13Next one is 20.
35:18And
35:2128
35:24Okay.
35:28And now this
35:35one
35:41copy, paste
35:44paste
35:45This is X
35:47and X X it means it can be
35:51zero, it can be one, it's okay.
35:53So, 9 V is 000.
35:59Again, just copy and paste.
36:06And of course, you can use control C
36:07control V on your keyboard. I just use
36:10the right click, so everyone
36:13everyone can see what I'm doing. I don't
36:15want to use uh
36:18shortcuts keyboard shortcuts because
36:20then uh some people may not know what
36:23keys I pressed. So, it's it's more clear
36:26if I use the right click menu.
36:31And the last
36:35row
36:37is
36:39like this.
36:44Okay?
36:47Now, we still don't have this 3.3 volts.
36:50So, what we need
36:52is regulator.
36:55So, I'm going to find this
36:58uh voltage regulator.
37:01We are going to use
37:04Texas Instrument.
37:08Uh we need 3.3 volts.
37:16Small one.
37:19For example, this one.
37:22In stock. Apply.
37:26And uh
37:30This one looks good.
37:34So, let's have a look.
37:37They have symbol. They have footprint.
37:41Let's open data sheet. It is up to 30
37:44volts. That's good. Up to 150 milliamps.
37:49We only have like three 10k resistors
37:51there. So, 3.3 divided by
37:5410k
37:56multiplied by three.
37:58Okay, we only need very very very small
38:00current.
38:02So, it this is perfectly fine.
38:05So, I'm going to copy this
38:07and uh place it into our schematic. Of
38:11course, maybe our car our real current
38:14in the board is uh going to be a little
38:16bit higher than just 10k resistors.
38:19But uh
38:21it's still
38:22going to be very, very small kind of
38:25what we need from the regulator, so we
38:26can
38:27use this one.
38:34We're going to connect it, so we need
38:36to, again, double-check the data sheet,
38:38what is the recommended
38:40connection, what is
38:43data sheet saying, so 1 microfarad on
38:45the input and 2.2 microfarad on the
38:48output.
38:51We already have 1 microfarad capacitor.
38:53I'm going to double-check the voltage.
38:5650 volts, so it's correct.
39:00Uh, so we can copy this one and place it
39:04on the input side of our regulator.
39:08And on the output, we are not going to
39:10create 2.2 microfarad capacitor. We are
39:13simply going to just place three 1
39:15microfarad capacitors here.
39:18I don't want to add extra component
39:21into our schematic.
39:242.2, we will have 3 microfarad, it is
39:28okay.
39:29So, I'm going to connect these.
39:35Because when you are drawing your
39:36schematic,
39:37uh,
39:38every type of the component
39:41can make your, uh, board a little bit
39:43more expensive. So, if you can use same
39:46component,
39:47uh,
39:50then you can buy them in a higher
39:52quantities, usually means
39:56you can get them cheaper.
39:59Okay, so the input is connected to the
40:01USB voltage.
40:06And the output will create uh, 3.3
40:08volts.
40:11So, we just need to
40:14connect these second pins of the
40:16capacitors to ground.
40:19And uh
40:22We need to also connect the rest of the
40:24pins.
40:26So, ground, this one is easy.
40:36And this enable pin
40:42Enable pin
40:45Drive this pin low to put device into
40:48low current.
40:50It can be left floating.
40:54Okay.
40:56So, theoretically, we can just leave it
40:58floating. But, from my experience, uh
41:02it is always good to have option
41:08to
41:10put there a footprint in case we need to
41:14debug something or test something.
41:17So, same as before, I'm going to place
41:19here this resistor, but we are not going
41:23to fit it.
41:25Always when you are designing
41:26regulators,
41:28then uh and if they have these enable
41:31pins,
41:32you would like to always uh
41:36connect these pins to a resistor, so you
41:39can use it later for
41:42debugging and testing if you need. Trust
41:45me, it's very, very, very, very useful.
41:49Okay, so this is the 3.3 V power block.
41:52It is finished.
41:57Looks nice.
41:59And we can save our schematic.
42:04Now, this pin is not connected, so we
42:06are going to mark it as not connected.
42:08And also these pins
42:10uh it means uh, when we'll be running
42:13uh,
42:13schematic rule check, then uh, these
42:16pins will not be checked. We're going to
42:18connect this power good pin.
42:21So, let's have a look how we need to
42:23connect it for this A
42:26variant.
42:29Uh, active low.
42:33And it's open drain.
42:35So, we need again pull-up resistor.
42:38I'm going to copy this one
42:41and paste it here.
42:47Because it is open drain, okay? It only
42:49can do
42:52the low level. We need the pull-up to do
42:55the high level.
42:57I'm going to name this
43:00power good, and we will use it
43:04to tell
43:07the person who is using the board
43:09to tell if the
43:12output voltage is correct.
43:15So, we're going to
43:18create another block, which is going to
43:20be called
43:21error LED.
43:29We will use 3.3 volts for our LED.
43:34Then, we need 1K resistor.
43:37Always when you are connecting LED, you
43:39need to put that series
43:42resistor.
43:47And of course, we need the LED.
43:51For For error, we would like to use
43:53maybe red one. So, I'm going to find
43:58small LED.
44:04Red one.
44:10Maybe from
44:13this manufacturer.
44:18Okay. Actually, you can use any LED. I
44:21just use this one because I
44:23I used it before
44:25together with this 1K resistor, so I
44:27know
44:28the brightness is going to be
44:31correct.
44:34Because very often, you know, this uh
44:36series resistor, you may want to change
44:38the value based on the brightness of the
44:40LED.
44:42Be sure it is correctly connected.
44:48And I'm not going to drive it directly
44:51with this power good pin.
44:53We need to invert this.
44:56So, we are going to use a transistor.
45:00This one is very, very standard uh
45:02MOSFET 2N
45:057002
45:10from Diodes.
45:17Mhm,
45:18this one. This is a small one.
45:24Uh
45:25okay.
45:26I'm going to copy this one
45:29and I'm going to place it.
45:36So, when we use this transistor,
45:38uh
45:40it means it will invert the signal, and
45:43it means that the LED will be on
45:48if
45:49the power output is not
45:53good one.
45:59So, if there is error,
46:01LED will light up.
46:07Okay.
46:11Now the output
46:13we are going to draw it here.
46:18So, we are going to place the connector.
46:24I like this
46:27from
46:31Phoenix.
46:36We need
46:38two pins.
46:40And
46:47look for this one.
46:50Not this.
46:52This one.
46:54This is exactly what do you like to use.
47:01Okay.
47:06Copy
47:11and use it in our schematic.
47:17They have it in stock, so that's great.
47:24It's easy to connect this connector.
47:27Uh
47:29close to this connector we would like to
47:30place again 100 nF capacitor for
47:33filtering. So, I'm going to
47:36copy this.
47:39And
47:43we will connect the one pin
47:46to the USB voltage.
47:54So, I'm I'm copy the
47:57power symbol of the USB voltage.
48:02And the second pin of the
48:05connector
48:07is ground.
48:23I'm going to name this block
48:30as output
48:32connector.
48:44Now, this is a very, very important, so
48:46I'm going to write it down.
48:50The
48:51maximum output
48:54current and voltage
48:59depends
49:00on the
49:02power adapter
49:05cable
49:06and selected voltage.
49:10Okay? Very, very important, so I'm going
49:13to make it red
49:15and bold.
49:26Save.
49:28Now, we are going to do something extra
49:30with these
49:32configuration switches and configuration
49:35pins.
49:36We are actually going to show
49:39what voltage we selected.
49:43So, here we are going to create new
49:44block, voltage LED indicators
49:49or indicators.
49:51Uh, we are going to need LEDs.
49:55So, I'm going to find green ones. I will
49:58just change this to G.
50:02Okay, they have green LEDs.
50:05And for
50:08every single voltage, we will have one
50:11LED to show which one is active.
50:19So, we need one LED for 20 28 volts. I'm
50:23going to make it a little bit nicer.
50:29Now,
50:30copy.
50:31We need one LED for
50:3420 volts.
50:38Then,
50:3912,
50:43nine,
50:45and five.
50:52Okay? Be sure, uh,
50:54you connect the LEDs correctly, okay?
50:56So, this side
50:58of
50:59LEDs
51:01needs to be connected to ground.
51:09Um,
51:11copy and paste.
51:17I will also add, uh,
51:21this, uh, note which LED is for what
51:23voltage. So, this one is 5 V,
51:269
51:3020,
51:3128, okay? This is just for us.
51:34I'm going to make it a little bit nicer.
51:38Uh,
51:40maybe
51:42like this.
51:45And, uh, we also need, of course, series
51:49resistors to limit the current which is
51:51flowing through the LEDs.
51:53So again, I'm going to use this 1K
51:55resistor.
51:58Because I know the brightness of the LED
52:01will be then uh
52:02just right.
52:08Okay.
52:10Sometimes you
52:12or normally or very often you may use
52:14also
52:15smaller resistors, like I don't know,
52:18500 ohms or
52:21even smaller ones. But then the LEDs may
52:24be very, very bright.
52:26That's why I use 1K resistors.
52:30Okay.
52:37And now we need something very clever.
52:40So I'm going to find this integrated
52:42circuit
52:43interface
52:46multiplexers.
52:51Uh we are going to use
52:54this one.
52:57One channel.
52:59Install. Apply.
53:04And let's have a look if this is what we
53:06need. So open data sheet.
53:12And uh
53:18Okay.
53:22So based on this uh combination of ABC,
53:26we can
53:28have only one output activated. That's
53:30exactly what we need.
53:32So I'm going to place it into our
53:34schematic.
53:41And then we have to connect it
53:42correctly,
53:43of course. But I don't like the
53:47how this symbol looks. So, again, we are
53:49going to adjust the look of the symbol.
53:52Go to library.
53:54Find it in this project library.
53:59Uh it is this one.
54:02So, save it into personal library.
54:09Also, the footprint.
54:13Find it in your personal library.
54:16And we are going to adjust the symbol.
54:20So, edit device.
54:25The pattern is
54:27on the top. So, I'm going to place in
54:30here.
54:33I'm going to adjust the shape of the
54:35symbol.
54:42Move the pins away.
54:43So, we have more space.
54:49On the left, uh we are going to place uh
54:54these
54:55inputs.
54:58So, ABC will be connected to the
55:00configuration pins.
55:04And these are the inputs uh which will
55:07be connected to the output based on the
55:10combination of the ABC.
55:12So, only one of these X X0 1 2 3 4 5 6
55:18or 7 will be connected to the output X
55:22based on the combination of the ABC
55:25pins.
55:29So, this is very easy way how we can
55:31uh based on the config based on the
55:36configuration pins, we can very easily
55:39light up only one very specific LED.
55:46This is the output.
55:48VCC and VEE, they are I think they're
55:50both ground. We will double check a
55:52little bit later.
56:00I'm going to place our
56:03symbol into schematic.
56:12And uh
56:13now we have to connect it.
56:20So,
56:24now first the easy part. So,
56:28easy part is the power.
56:35For the power, we would like to use the
56:37coupling capacitor,
56:39100 nF decoupling capacitor.
56:49Output is also easy to connect. It's
56:52going to be 3.3 V, so we will be
56:54connecting 3.3 V only to one of the
56:57LEDs.
57:00So, VCCVEE, I'm going to double check,
57:02but as I said, I think they are
57:04ground.
57:09Yeah, okay. We can connect them both to
57:10ground.
57:24This was also easy.
57:27Copy.
57:30Paste.
57:38Now, the hard part.
57:41So, let's have a look how it actually
57:43works.
57:46This table is very important. So, this
57:48is our chip.
57:50And here you can see
57:54which output is activated based on what
57:57input.
57:58So, I'm going to copy the configuration
58:00pins.
58:04I'm going to connect them to
58:07ABC.
58:12So, C is going to be config one, B is
58:17two,
58:18and A is three.
58:21And uh based on this table,
58:24you need to connect it like this.
58:28Okay? Just do it the exact same way what
58:31I'm doing.
58:39If you would like to understand why it
58:41is connected this way,
58:43go to data sheet and double-check these
58:45connections
58:47and the combinations based on the truth
58:49table in the data sheet.
58:52Then you will understand why we
58:54connected it this way.
58:58We have to connect all these together
59:00like this.
59:04Now, this one
59:07uh
59:10So, it is basically enable pin.
59:17So, it means when there is error, we
59:20don't want to show any LED on.
59:24So, I'm going to use this power good
59:27signal.
59:28Again, also
59:30here in this chip.
59:39Perfect.
59:42For debugging, I'm going to connect also
59:44this I squared C signals.
59:46So, we will need uh
59:49header.
59:51I'm going to
59:54use
59:58one of these.
1:00:00Very simple header.
1:00:04SMD
1:00:09right angle.
1:00:15We need three pins.
1:00:19Let's have a look what they have.
1:00:25Oh, this is exactly what I would like to
1:00:27have.
1:00:30This looks perfect.
1:00:33Okay. So, copy.
1:00:38And
1:00:43place it into our schematic.
1:00:54I'm going to move this little bit.
1:00:57And we are going to connect these
1:01:00pins.
1:01:03So, the middle one I'm going to connect
1:01:05to
1:01:06ground.
1:01:09And pin one and three I'm going to
1:01:11connect to the I squared C signals.
1:01:23Again, this is just for testing and
1:01:25debugging.
1:01:28Because it can be super
1:01:30useful.
1:01:32There are some registers inside and you
1:01:34can play with some settings.
1:01:41So I square C header.
1:01:45And
1:01:48Of course, we are not going to fit it.
1:02:00Perfect.
1:02:07I'm going to add a node.
1:02:11So everyone knows why
1:02:13we placed this header here.
1:02:18So it's just for experimenting.
1:02:28Now, what else is missing? Do you know?
1:02:33Mounting holes.
1:02:38So we are going to learn how you can
1:02:40create your own components.
1:02:46Go to file, new
1:02:50component.
1:02:54I'm going to call it like this MH
1:02:587.5
1:03:00by
1:03:022.7 mm.
1:03:07It's going to be very very simple
1:03:08component.
1:03:09Just one pin.
1:03:17I'm going to
1:03:20hide the name
1:03:23and draw a cir- circle.
1:03:29Maybe make it smaller and move it
1:03:35at the end of the pin.
1:03:44And I'm going to also change the line
1:03:46width.
1:03:48And I'm going to fill it up.
1:03:53Change the grid so we can move this
1:03:54little bit.
1:03:57Change the grid back. Very important.
1:04:02It's not going to be in bomb bill of
1:04:04material.
1:04:06And
1:04:07the designated is going to be MH
1:04:09{question mark}.
1:04:13Save it.
1:04:15New footprint.
1:04:19So, this is going to be the physical
1:04:22interpretation of our
1:04:24mounting hole.
1:04:30Basically, the part which is going to be
1:04:31in PCB.
1:04:33And uh
1:04:35mounting hole is basically just
1:04:37just a pad.
1:04:43Number one is very important because we
1:04:45have pin one in schematic, so it has to
1:04:47be pin one also in the PCB.
1:04:50And I will adjust the size of this pad.
1:04:55And that's it.
1:04:58Very, very simple way
1:05:01to create mounting holes.
1:05:04We are going to assign the footprint to
1:05:07our symbol.
1:05:09And we can save our component. Close.
1:05:13Now go to library. Here is our mounting
1:05:15hole and we can use it
1:05:18in
1:05:20our
1:05:24schematic.
1:05:32We will connect them to ground.
1:05:35They are already gray, so they are not
1:05:37included in bomb bill of material
1:05:39because they are not a a real component.
1:05:41They are just
1:05:43PCB
1:05:44components.
1:05:50Okay, maybe move it a little bit.
1:05:58Okay.
1:06:02Save.
1:06:08I'm going to add
1:06:10also
1:06:11information about the license.
1:06:15Uh I just do it uh
1:06:17you know,
1:06:19it should be there.
1:06:27And we can save our schematic.
1:06:31Now notice these
1:06:33reference designators. I'm going to
1:06:37remove them or clear them. So, watch
1:06:40what's going to happen.
1:06:41They are now question marks instead of
1:06:44numbers.
1:06:45And manually I'm going to name the
1:06:47important components. So, this one is
1:06:49J1.
1:06:51This one is going to be
1:06:53J2.
1:06:55So, connectors are usually J.
1:06:58And this one is
1:06:59J3.
1:07:02Now, this one, the main chip, I would
1:07:04like to have U1.
1:07:09Power supply
1:07:11U2,
1:07:12and this multiplexer U3.
1:07:18And all the other components we can name
1:07:21them automatically. So, go to design,
1:07:23annotate.
1:07:25Watch what's going to happen, okay?
1:07:28See? Now there are
1:07:30the numbers.
1:07:36Okay, you can see
1:07:38how my schematic uh
1:07:42all designators look.
1:07:48Save.
1:07:51Now, we are going to check if there are
1:07:53no errors. So, you can do it also from
1:07:55this bottom toolbar.
1:07:59This one is not important. It's only
1:08:00warning.
1:08:02So, it's perfect. There are no errors.
1:08:06Save, design, update
1:08:09PCB.
1:08:10So, this is the very important step.
1:08:14We are going to
1:08:15import all components from our schematic
1:08:19into our PCB.
1:08:26We can have a look.
1:08:283D view.
1:08:31So, these are the
1:08:32components what we need to place
1:08:36on our board. I'm going to close this.
1:08:40And uh
1:08:42Before you start, don't forget to set
1:08:44the units and the grid.
1:08:50And the very first thing what we are
1:08:51going to do is we are going to create
1:08:53the board shape, board outline.
1:09:00Draw it uh like uh exactly what I do.
1:09:04So, from the 0 0 position
1:09:08update these
1:09:10numbers.
1:09:14And then your board will look exactly
1:09:16same as mine.
1:09:19It will be easy for you to
1:09:21follow
1:09:23the layout what we are going to do.
1:09:27Now, if you go to 3D view, you can see
1:09:29this is the board what we are going to
1:09:31create.
1:09:32And these are the components what we
1:09:34need to place on our board.
1:09:41Don't forget to save.
1:09:44If you like to work only with components
1:09:50change the grid size.
1:09:52And first, I'm going to place these
1:09:54mounting holes.
1:10:00Watch the position.
1:10:05Okay.
1:10:07This one is mounting hole mounting hole
1:10:10three.
1:10:11This one is mounting hole four.
1:10:17Now, the USB
1:10:20connector
1:10:21I'll place it here. Okay, manually you
1:10:24can write the position here.
1:10:26So, you will have it exactly in same
1:10:28position as I have it.
1:10:31Again, it will be easy for you then to
1:10:33follow
1:10:34the layout what we will be doing in this
1:10:36video.
1:10:39And for this output connector, again,
1:10:41you can manually put the position here.
1:10:44Do it exactly same way
1:10:46as I have it.
1:10:51Select everything and we would like to
1:10:52lock them. So, we don't want to
1:10:54accidentally move components.
1:11:03Now, this is the chip.
1:11:09So, I'm going to place it here. 810
1:11:13730
1:11:16and rotation 90.
1:11:22This is the regulator.
1:11:28You can place it into same position.
1:11:36This is the multiplexer.
1:11:50Okay.
1:11:52And these are the switches.
1:12:03Okay.
1:12:06We can also place these, but put it on
1:12:08the bottom because by default we are not
1:12:10going to fit this connector and there is
1:12:12no space on the top
1:12:15side of our PCB. So,
1:12:18we place it on the bottom side of our
1:12:20PCB and we can have a look how it looks.
1:12:24Okay. So, on the top there are all the
1:12:26key components and on the bottom there
1:12:28is the
1:12:29I squared C header.
1:12:37I'm going to change the grid again. We
1:12:40are going to
1:12:42place the LEDs.
1:12:45So, LED tool
1:12:48So, this is the 28 20
1:12:5212
1:12:549
1:12:555 V LED.
1:13:02And I'm going to move it a little bit.
1:13:07Like this. Okay, watch the position. So,
1:13:10LED 2 is here.
1:13:13This is LED 3.
1:13:174 5 6
1:13:26Now,
1:13:30components around this USB, so
1:13:34this capacitor
1:13:36need to be placed close to this USB
1:13:41connector.
1:13:53And uh these blue lines, they are
1:13:55telling you where the pads needs to be
1:13:58connected. You can see
1:14:01the blue lines, they go to the connector
1:14:03now.
1:14:06This is the position.
1:14:09You can use same position for easy
1:14:11layout later, okay?
1:14:18See, these are the lines, blue lines.
1:14:25And you hover a cursor over the path,
1:14:28you can see where the net is connected.
1:14:32I'm going to change the color of the
1:14:34ground net. I'm going to use this blue
1:14:37color. Then it's very easy to see uh
1:14:40what pins are connected to ground.
1:14:43But the color of the
1:14:45bottom layer is very similar to the
1:14:49color of the ground pin. So, I'm going
1:14:50to change
1:14:52the color of the bottom layer to be like
1:14:55light blue.
1:14:59Watch what's going to happen. Okay?
1:15:04Okay, this is much better.
1:15:06Uh
1:15:09But, still this uh reference designators
1:15:12we would like to maybe hide them. So,
1:15:14we'd like to work with all the
1:15:15components
1:15:17and watch what's going to happen. Okay?
1:15:19We are going to hide the reference
1:15:21designators.
1:15:24Because they were uh little bit
1:15:25annoying. They went over the pads.
1:15:28Later, we can just enable the reference
1:15:30designators which are important. We
1:15:32don't really need them for layout.
1:15:37I'm going to also change color of this
1:15:383.3 V net. I'm going to use this orange.
1:15:43And also for this one, I'm going to use
1:15:46something like this.
1:15:50Okay? Now, we can see all the power
1:15:54and ground pins very nicely.
1:16:10Now, this uh ESD protection, it has to
1:16:13be close to the USB connector.
1:16:17And uh
1:16:21I'm going to change the angle.
1:16:26Maybe like this.
1:16:31And move it.
1:16:34Also, the second one.
1:16:42Change this.
1:16:44And move it.
1:16:48You can see how they are connected,
1:16:49okay?
1:16:58Next, we can place this 1K resistor.
1:17:02It is this one.
1:17:05So,
1:17:08watch the blue lines. You can see where
1:17:10the
1:17:11resistor is connected. We can place it
1:17:14here because there is a lot of space
1:17:16around the chip.
1:17:17So, we can place it here.
1:17:24Then, uh
1:17:28the coupling capacitor needs to be close
1:17:30to the pin number one.
1:17:34That's the power pin.
1:17:36Here.
1:17:38So, we want to have it close.
1:17:50What else?
1:17:52These pull-up resistors.
1:17:57Where they are?
1:18:00Here.
1:18:01Okay, so I'm going to place it here.
1:18:09We can place all these resistors close
1:18:12to the multiplexer chip. So, I'm going
1:18:15to
1:18:18put them one by one here.
1:18:27Because they are all connected
1:18:30to these pins which are connected to the
1:18:32multiplexer.
1:18:39Mhm.
1:18:40you can see how they are connected.
1:18:42Always double check with
1:18:44cursor.
1:18:45Hover it over the pin, you will see
1:18:48or hover it over the pad, you will see
1:18:50where the pad is connected.
1:18:57This one
1:18:58Okay, maybe this one we need we would
1:19:00like to place somewhere here.
1:19:05Okay.
1:19:14This one.
1:19:22This is the LED.
1:19:28The resistor. We would like to place it
1:19:30close to the LED.
1:19:33Uh maybe a little okay. This Press space
1:19:36bar to rotate, okay?
1:19:40Same as in the schematic.
1:19:48And transistor.
1:19:58Okay.
1:20:02Pull up on power good pin.
1:20:12I'm double checking where everything is
1:20:13connected.
1:20:22This is the capacitor close to the
1:20:24output connector.
1:20:32Maybe rotate. Okay, watch how it is
1:20:34connecting, okay?
1:20:45Now these are
1:20:47series resistors for the LED. So they're
1:20:50going to be close to the
1:20:53multiplexer.
1:21:08Okay.
1:21:12We could place them also close to the
1:21:14LEDs, but I didn't want to place
1:21:17too many components around the LEDs
1:21:19because then
1:21:21I think when there are only the LEDs, it
1:21:23looks nicer.
1:21:31This one.
1:21:37And decoupling capacitor again close to
1:21:40the power pin.
1:21:47Perfect.
1:21:55Save.
1:21:58What else?
1:22:04Okay, input
1:22:06capacitor for the regulator. It has to
1:22:09be close to the
1:22:11input pin of the regulator.
1:22:17Now the
1:22:20resistor on the enable pin.
1:22:23You can just place it here.
1:22:28And the output capacitors, they need to
1:22:30be placed close to the output from the
1:22:32regulator.
1:22:35Like this.
1:22:49Okay.
1:22:54These are all the components. This was
1:22:55very easy and quick. Double check in 3D
1:22:58view.
1:22:59So, this is how our board is going to
1:23:03look.
1:23:05Do you like it?
1:23:09Well done.
1:23:12Before we start doing layout, we would
1:23:14like to set the rules. So, design rules.
1:23:18We are going to use mils. Now, search
1:23:21for JLCPCB capabilities because we are
1:23:24going to use JLCPCB to manufacture our
1:23:27board. We would like to know what they
1:23:29can do.
1:23:30And we are going to double check the
1:23:32minimum track width and minimum
1:23:34clearance.
1:23:36So, for multi-layer PCB, it is 3.5 3.5
1:23:41mil. That's the minimum what they can
1:23:42manufacture.
1:23:44We are not going to use minimum. I'm
1:23:45going to change this to 10.
1:23:48But, be careful. Some of the numbers
1:23:50need to be a little bit bigger.
1:23:52So,
1:23:55even I change everything to 10, I'm
1:23:57going to adjust this
1:24:00to 12.
1:24:01And we can make also this little bit
1:24:04bigger.
1:24:06And this one little bit bigger.
1:24:10Now, for the minimum track width, again,
1:24:13we I we are going to use 10, not 3.5.
1:24:16That's the minimum what they can do. And
1:24:18for via, 24 and 12.
1:24:21Use exactly same numbers, okay?
1:24:28Now, go to tools, layer manager.
1:24:31And we are going to use four layer PCB.
1:24:35The layers inside of our PCB are going
1:24:38to be ground planes.
1:24:41So, watch what's going to happen.
1:24:44Here are the inner layers. When we
1:24:46select it, double check if they are
1:24:48connected to ground. So, this one is,
1:24:51and this one
1:24:52is also ground. Perfect.
1:24:55We can hide them. We don't need to see
1:24:57them. Go on the top layer and save
1:25:00everything.
1:25:05Before we start drawing, be sure
1:25:08you have same grid.
1:25:10Be sure your top layer is active.
1:25:13Zoom in. Use mouse wheel.
1:25:16And track width is going to be 10 mils.
1:25:20Or press tab, you can adjust the track
1:25:23width.
1:25:25Then just left click.
1:25:28Left click. Left click. Okay? So, this
1:25:31is how you draw connections on your PCB.
1:25:34It's very, very simple.
1:25:39Just left click on the pad. Left click
1:25:41and left click.
1:25:44I'm going to interrupt for a moment.
1:25:47Um
1:25:48if you really like this tutorial and you
1:25:50would like to learn more about
1:25:52electronics and how to design board,
1:25:54check out our online courses. You will
1:25:56find everything important there from
1:25:58basic board design up to advanced
1:26:01hardware design and high-speed PCB
1:26:03layout. We have courses in Altium,
1:26:06Cadence, KiCad, and also courses
1:26:09covering many different topics. For
1:26:10example, FPGA, EMC measurements, and so
1:26:13on.
1:26:14Visit our website at federal.com.
1:26:18Now, we can go back to our tutorial.
1:26:21Let's continue.
1:26:27Okay.
1:26:28So, watch where these are connected.
1:26:32Uh what we are going to do, we are going
1:26:34to use vias.
1:26:37So, we are going to change the layer
1:26:38from top layer to the bottom layer.
1:26:40That's what via is doing.
1:26:42Be sure it is 24 12 mils.
1:26:45I'm going to copy this.
1:26:49Right click, copy, and now click on the
1:26:52pad.
1:26:54Very useful. When you click on the pad,
1:26:56you will be holding the selection where
1:26:59the pad was,
1:27:01and then you can very simply paste it on
1:27:05next pad.
1:27:10Okay.
1:27:15Make the grid a little bit smaller.
1:27:19And
1:27:21draw the tracks maybe like this.
1:27:25Press shift, you can hold the shift
1:27:27uh down, and then it will stay in line.
1:27:31When you are drawing, it will stay in
1:27:32line. Try holding shift. What is
1:27:34happening?
1:27:38I'm going to place vias also here.
1:27:43And we also need to connect these to the
1:27:46resistors.
1:27:48So, continue drawing on top layer.
1:27:53And connect these
1:27:55resistors.
1:28:04Okay.
1:28:06Perfect.
1:28:10You can easily adjust the shape of the
1:28:13track when you just hold
1:28:16left button on your mouse and then just
1:28:18move the track.
1:28:29Okay, we are going to connect these.
1:28:32Again, very simple connection.
1:28:47Left click.
1:28:48Left click.
1:28:50Left click.
1:28:52Left click.
1:28:54And connect also these.
1:29:01Okay.
1:29:03Where this is connected.
1:29:06It goes up. So, what I'm going to do,
1:29:07I'm going to place a via here.
1:29:11And later we will connect it.
1:29:14Because there will be a lot of tracks so
1:29:16crossing, so that's why we would like to
1:29:18go on the bottom layer.
1:29:21This is a very simple connection because
1:29:22we have inside of our PCB, we have two
1:29:25ground layers.
1:29:27So, everything what we need to do is
1:29:28just place very short track and connect
1:29:31it to ground.
1:29:33Notice for the powers and for the
1:29:35ground, I'm using
1:29:37uh wider tracks.
1:29:4120 mils.
1:29:46So, just press tab on your keyboard, you
1:29:49can
1:29:50adjust the width
1:29:51of the track.
1:29:59Okay.
1:30:08These are also very easy to connect.
1:30:11So,
1:30:14let's do it.
1:30:17Here is ground.
1:30:24This is power.
1:30:40Okay.
1:30:46You can see now why we use the colors on
1:30:49the net because it's very very
1:30:52clear
1:30:53what is connected together.
1:30:56And using colors for power nets, it's
1:30:59specially useful because there are many
1:31:01power nets.
1:31:05Many pins which are connected to power
1:31:07nets.
1:31:12Okay, we can
1:31:14connect these on the bottom
1:31:17bottom layer.
1:31:20So, that's why we are using via.
1:31:26Uh
1:31:27these are ground pins. So, this is very
1:31:28simple to connect.
1:31:31Just place via and it will connect to
1:31:34the middle layers which are ground
1:31:36planes.
1:31:38I'm going to show you how they are
1:31:39connected. So, if we go on this inner
1:31:41layer,
1:31:43watch what's going to happen. Select
1:31:46rebuild.
1:31:48And you see here is a space and there is
1:31:50no space. So, you can see the ground
1:31:53vias are connected directly to the
1:31:54plane.
1:31:56Ground plane.
1:32:00Now, on the bottom layer
1:32:04we can connect these together.
1:32:07And we still need to place there also a
1:32:10via.
1:32:12See, this is on the bottom layer.
1:32:14So, we need to place a via here.
1:32:19Make it a little bit wider.
1:32:24You can very easily switch between uh
1:32:28views of different layers.
1:32:31Or what you can do, you can actually use
1:32:34shift S.
1:32:36Okay, try shift S multiple times.
1:32:40This is shift S view.
1:32:42Very useful. So, only the active layer
1:32:45has the colors. The other layers, they
1:32:48are uh gray.
1:32:50Change the width uh back to 10.
1:32:55Okay.
1:32:58And uh
1:33:01connect these pins here on top layer.
1:33:08Now, place a via.
1:33:21Okay.
1:33:28Now, go on the bottom layer
1:33:33and connect these two vias together.
1:33:44Okay.
1:33:47Go back on top layer
1:33:49and we can continue.
1:33:52So, the ground pin.
1:33:59It's two wide. I'm going to double check
1:34:01what is the width of the pad.
1:34:0315.
1:34:05So, I'm going to use 15.
1:34:10So, the track is not wider than the
1:34:12pad.
1:34:18And this one
1:34:23we have to place a via here because on
1:34:26the top layer you can see there are
1:34:28the 3.3 V tracks already.
1:34:32So, we have to go on the bottom layer.
1:34:38And connect the LED.
1:34:50Okay, very simple connection.
1:35:03And also we uh would like to connect
1:35:05this.
1:35:10Okay, these are all ground pins. So, use
1:35:15wider track.
1:35:18They are connected to the layer
1:35:20two and layer three.
1:35:22We can copy these because they are all
1:35:24exactly the same.
1:35:27And we can paste them
1:35:29on the pads.
1:35:36Okay.
1:35:47Perfect.
1:36:03>> Now I'm on the power.
1:36:18And place all the vias.
1:36:21Always before you you start drawing
1:36:24tracks in uh
1:36:27specific areas of your PCB, always place
1:36:31all the vias
1:36:32because then you will see where the
1:36:35space is.
1:36:37It means if you don't place vias and if
1:36:39you if you draw the tracks first,
1:36:42then what may happen, you
1:36:45will need to redraw your layout later
1:36:47when you will be placing the vias.
1:36:53But these are all very easy connections.
1:37:04So this is not like super critical how
1:37:06exactly you will be drawing the layout.
1:37:09There is a lot of space.
1:37:16And uh
1:37:18the connections are very simple.
1:37:30Okay, we need vias also here.
1:37:41We can connect it.
1:37:52>> One more via here.
1:38:03Connect.
1:38:14I'm double checking what else we need to
1:38:17connect together.
1:38:25So, this one goes here.
1:38:42Connect it also here.
1:38:50And on the top.
1:38:57Perfect.
1:39:01Next one.
1:39:06These are the ground pins. So, before I
1:39:08continue routing in this area, I'm going
1:39:10to place these
1:39:12vias.
1:39:17And then we will do the layout.
1:39:25Because, you know, if I don't see these
1:39:26vias here, maybe I would route through
1:39:29this space. But, now I see there are
1:39:31these vias, so I will go around them.
1:39:35And then I don't have to reroute
1:39:38what I already routed.
1:39:48Okay.
1:39:55So, from the chip
1:40:00go somewhere here
1:40:06and connect the header.
1:40:19And
1:40:22connect also the switches.
1:40:30And we also need to connect the
1:40:31multiplexer.
1:40:45Okay.
1:40:49Looks good.
1:40:55Now, we can connect the LEDs. So, this
1:40:57is simple because
1:40:58all the ground uh
1:41:00fan out from these LEDs
1:41:03will be exactly the same.
1:41:08Just uh
1:41:11select it,
1:41:14copy, hold it where the pin is,
1:41:17and place it on another pin.
1:41:21Next pin.
1:41:24Next one.
1:41:27Here.
1:41:32And then here we also need vias.
1:41:37So, same before.
1:41:40Do the fan out.
1:41:42Copy it.
1:41:44And paste. So, this very short
1:41:47connection from the pad to via, it is
1:41:49usually called fan out.
1:42:01Now, on the bottom layer we can connect
1:42:03all these.
1:42:13Just watch
1:42:15where every via is connected.
1:42:25With this one we will go a little bit
1:42:26around.
1:42:28And also notice I keep
1:42:31big space
1:42:33between the tracks.
1:42:36Uh,
1:42:37that's a very good habit for this PCB is
1:42:40not very important because these signals
1:42:41are
1:42:43not like high-speed signals or
1:42:45some very important signals.
1:42:48But, it's a very good habit. Do not
1:42:51route
1:42:52these tracks or do not draw these tracks
1:42:56very close to each other. If you have a
1:42:58lot of space on your board, on your PCB,
1:43:01then keep big spaces between the tracks.
1:43:11The reason is crosstalk.
1:43:13If you like, you can uh
1:43:16search for
1:43:18meaning of crosstalk. But, basically, if
1:43:20you route signals very close to each
1:43:22other
1:43:23then they can influence each other. The
1:43:25noise can be picked up by the neighbor
1:43:28traces.
1:43:29But, again, as I said, for this PCB it's
1:43:31not important. There are no really
1:43:36running There are no really signals
1:43:38running through these tracks. These are
1:43:40just, you know, switches or
1:43:43the
1:43:44The most important interface here is the
1:43:46USB interface.
1:43:52And then we have there also I2C, but
1:43:55I2C is also not like
1:43:58super
1:43:59high-speed or difficult to route.
1:44:08Okay.
1:44:10Let's continue.
1:44:11So, we have to connect this
1:44:14exposed pad
1:44:17to ground.
1:44:21And I use more vias
1:44:25because they can also take heat away
1:44:28from the chip. So, if the chip uh in
1:44:32In some situations, some chips, they may
1:44:35get warm or hot.
1:44:37So, it's very useful to use multiple
1:44:40vias.
1:44:41This chip
1:44:43uh
1:44:45may not got may not get really hot,
1:44:48but again, it's a good habit
1:44:51place multiple ground vias into exposed
1:44:54pad.
1:45:02Okay.
1:45:08We are going to connect uh CC1 pin.
1:45:13Draw a short track and place a via. So,
1:45:17this is fan out of the CC1 pin.
1:45:20Now, USB
1:45:22Again, fan out for USB
1:45:24track and via.
1:45:28USB interface is uh very important, so
1:45:31we will have to place here also
1:45:33something what is called ground
1:45:34stitching via.
1:45:36So, let's do it.
1:45:38If you would like to learn more, just
1:45:39watch my videos. Oh, this one doesn't
1:45:41have the correct net connected.
1:45:44So, I'm going to connect it to ground.
1:45:48And there is error. You can see this uh
1:45:52yellow crosses. It means there is error.
1:45:55So,
1:45:56the track was very close to the via. I
1:45:58moved it away, and then error
1:46:00disappeared.
1:46:06Save.
1:46:11We are going to connect this uh USB
1:46:13power.
1:46:14Change the width to 20 mils. And there
1:46:17is a problem.
1:46:19There is violation.
1:46:21Uh
1:46:22to fix this violation, I'm going to
1:46:24create this special region. It is just a
1:46:27special rectangle,
1:46:29which I'm going to draw around this
1:46:31part.
1:46:33I'm going to call it
1:46:35USB C. Remember this name, okay?
1:46:39Then, inside of rules, I'm going to
1:46:42create special spacing rule.
1:46:45I'm going to call it
1:46:49USB C
1:46:51clearance.
1:46:53And in this inside of this rectangle, we
1:46:54will set special smaller clearance, 6
1:46:57mils.
1:46:59Okay, I'm going to double-check. The
1:47:01minimum is 3.5, what we can use in JLC.
1:47:04Six is is bigger, so it is fine.
1:47:07And now in this USB C region, I'm going
1:47:10to assign this new USB C clearance rule.
1:47:13Okay? This is the rectangle what we
1:47:15created.
1:47:19Confirm.
1:47:22Now, let's try it game. So, I'm going to
1:47:25route the USB
1:47:28power, and you can see we can do it.
1:47:32I'm going to select this, and I'm going
1:47:35to change it to 20 mils.
1:47:37Okay?
1:47:40Uh
1:47:41Right now, we are just drawing these
1:47:43connections uh
1:47:44to connect all the pins, but a little
1:47:46bit later, when we will be finishing
1:47:48this design, we will actually draw a big
1:47:51polygon.
1:47:53So, this is just to
1:47:55um to see where we need
1:47:58copper for this USB
1:48:01power.
1:48:04Now,
1:48:05CC1,
1:48:0710 mils.
1:48:10Uh we need to place a via here.
1:48:16And we can connect it on the bottom
1:48:18of our PCB.
1:48:24You can do it like this.
1:48:31Okay? Now,
1:48:33CC2,
1:48:35it goes up.
1:48:36So, I'm going to draw this short track,
1:48:42place via,
1:48:44and connect on the bottom.
1:48:49But, there are these uh USB signals, so
1:48:51I will go actually around
1:48:55uh this way.
1:48:56Okay? Because little bit later, we will
1:48:58route USB signals
1:49:02in this area, too.
1:49:05Perfect.
1:49:15Now, the ground.
1:49:17There are many ground pins.
1:49:20So, before we start routing the USB
1:49:24signals, we would like to see where is
1:49:26the space. So, we are going to put there
1:49:28all the vias.
1:49:36Okay.
1:49:39Next one.
1:49:42Let's connect this.
1:49:50Then,
1:49:52this one.
1:49:57Maybe like this.
1:50:02Also, here.
1:50:06When you use space bar, you will change
1:50:08the angle how the
1:50:12track
1:50:13suggestion is
1:50:17made.
1:50:19So, when you are routing a track,
1:50:22try
1:50:23try space. You will see what will
1:50:25happen.
1:50:32Okay.
1:50:34Now, I'm going to continue routing this
1:50:36USB power.
1:50:42So,
1:50:44I'm going to connect
1:50:47all these
1:50:49pins.
1:50:55And as I said, a little bit later we
1:50:57will draw big copper plane
1:51:00for this USB power.
1:51:03So, it's not really super important how
1:51:05these tracks look.
1:51:11Now, this.
1:51:13Uh
1:51:15Maybe I would like to
1:51:17swap these two pins. We would like to
1:51:20have maybe power on the top and ground
1:51:22on the bottom.
1:51:23But, we can't just simply rotate the
1:51:25connector because there are the openings
1:51:27for the wires.
1:51:29So, what we need to do, we need to go
1:51:32into schematic actually.
1:51:34And swap the pins, and I'm going to show
1:51:37you how to do it. This is very useful
1:51:39uh to know how to do.
1:51:42Uh because, you know, we already
1:51:43finished the schematic. So, this is how
1:51:45you can make schematic changes later.
1:51:49I'm going to swap these pins. Watch
1:51:51what's going to happen.
1:51:54And I'm going to connect everything
1:51:56again.
1:51:57So, now pin number two is on the top and
1:51:59pin number one is on the bottom.
1:52:01Save.
1:52:04Go to design and update PCB. Okay, we
1:52:06made changes in schematic. Here you can
1:52:09see what kind of changes we made.
1:52:12And watch what's going to happen. Okay?
1:52:17Good.
1:52:18Apply. Watch.
1:52:20Perfect.
1:52:22Okay, so if you need to do any changes
1:52:24later in the schematic, this is the way
1:52:26how you can do it. It's very very
1:52:28simple.
1:52:30I'm going to connect
1:52:32these
1:52:34pins which are connected to power.
1:52:37And then this USB power is finished.
1:52:46Ground.
1:52:52Now, this pin it still shows it is not
1:52:54connected. So, I'm going to rebuild this
1:52:56ground plane which is inside of our PCB.
1:53:00And watch what happened, okay? Now, it's
1:53:01connected
1:53:03to ground plane.
1:53:06Okay.
1:53:11Save everything.
1:53:14And what left are these USB
1:53:17tracks.
1:53:20So, go to federeal.com/hardwareassistant
1:53:24and we are going to ask
1:53:25question.
1:53:27We we need some help with, you know,
1:53:29doing layout.
1:53:31This is actually our AI assistant. So,
1:53:34if you have any questions, you can try
1:53:36it.
1:53:37So, what is important when routing
1:53:38digital tracks and USB
1:53:41signals?
1:53:44Uh
1:53:45important is impedance. So, for digital
1:53:48tracks, the impedance is 50 ohms
1:53:51usually.
1:53:52But for USB signals, it is 90
1:53:55differential 90 ohms differential pair
1:53:58impedance, okay? So, 90 and 50. Remember
1:54:01these two numbers.
1:54:04What does it mean?
1:54:05It means we have to go to this JLCPCB
1:54:08impedance calculator.
1:54:10And based on this stack up,
1:54:12uh based on the PCB what we are going to
1:54:14use,
1:54:15we need to calculate what is going to be
1:54:17track width
1:54:19and uh
1:54:21space between the tracks for 50 ohms and
1:54:24for 90 ohm differentials. So, you can do
1:54:27it this way.
1:54:29Okay. This is this stack up what we are
1:54:31going to use, this one which has like
1:54:330.09
1:54:35uh millimeter distance between layer one
1:54:38and layer two.
1:54:39And for standard digital tracks, you'd
1:54:40like to use this 6.
1:54:43one and for the differential pair 6.2
1:54:46uh track width and eight
1:54:48mils
1:54:50spacing.
1:54:53Okay. So, I'm going to create a special
1:54:55rule for differential pairs.
1:55:00Uh what do we need to use?
1:55:036.2 for track width.
1:55:08And, uh,
1:55:11for the space between
1:55:13the two tracks, 8 mils. Okay? So, that's
1:55:16why we needed the impedance calculator,
1:55:18so we can use these numbers here.
1:55:22Uh, this is okay, we can leave it.
1:55:24Now,
1:55:26we have to specify which of the signals
1:55:28are differential pair signals. So, I'm
1:55:30going to find them in this list.
1:55:32I'm going to create new differential
1:55:34pair.
1:55:36And so, this one is positive, and this
1:55:39one is negative. Confirm.
1:55:42And then, to these, uh,
1:55:45signals, we can assign this
1:55:47differential pair rule, which specifies
1:55:49the
1:55:50track width and the space between the
1:55:52tracks.
1:55:54We did this because then it is much
1:55:56easier to do the layout. Watch what's
1:55:58going to happen. When we go to route and
1:56:00differential pair routing,
1:56:02then, if we follow the rules,
1:56:06the track width will be automatically
1:56:07set to 6.2.
1:56:10And also, the space
1:56:12between the tracks is automatically set
1:56:14to what we specified.
1:56:23We can adjust this a little bit.
1:56:26Maybe like this.
1:56:31Mm,
1:56:32uh, maybe not.
1:56:35Okay.
1:56:38And if you select this, you can see it
1:56:39is 6.2 6.2 mil
1:56:43uh, wide.
1:56:45And, uh, I'm going to change the grid
1:56:48size, so we can measure this very
1:56:49precisely. So, when we measure the
1:56:51distance between these two tracks, you
1:56:53can see it is 8 mils. So, based on the
1:56:56rule what we set,
1:56:57uh we can now automatically route these
1:57:00differential pairs. It is very, very
1:57:03uh useful
1:57:04to set this kind of rule.
1:57:08Okay.
1:57:10So, let's uh finish this uh
1:57:12USB
1:57:16routing.
1:57:19You can do it uh
1:57:20maybe like this.
1:57:23I go
1:57:25far away from the other signals.
1:57:30Okay.
1:57:32Perfect.
1:57:39Maybe little adjustments.
1:57:47Now, let's go on the top and uh you
1:57:48remember uh this is a little bit wider,
1:57:50so I'm going to change this to 6.2.
1:57:53And also this one.
1:57:57Okay.
1:58:05What left is this connection here.
1:58:08And uh
1:58:13This is not exactly how uh I like to
1:58:16route uh USB differential pairs because
1:58:20uh
1:58:22they should be routed properly, but
1:58:24there is no other way to connect this
1:58:26USB-C connector.
1:58:29Uh
1:58:29ideally, you would like to have just
1:58:31nice
1:58:33you know, two tracks routed together.
1:58:36But uh
1:58:38these USB-C connectors, they are
1:58:40designed the way that uh we have to
1:58:42connect it like this.
1:58:47Not the best way to route uh
1:58:49differential pairs, but as I said, there
1:58:51is no other way to do it.
1:58:57Uh there is one unconnected uh part, but
1:59:00I would like to show you how you can run
1:59:02DRC check.
1:59:05So, when you run DRC check, you can see
1:59:07all the errors in your PCB. These are
1:59:09clearance, differential pair, and this
1:59:11is the connection error. So, it is
1:59:13telling us there is something not
1:59:15connected.
1:59:16And you can very easily find it.
1:59:20So,
1:59:21when you finish your layout, run DRC
1:59:24check and double-check
1:59:26uh
1:59:27if you have everything connected.
1:59:29Now, watch what's going to happen. I
1:59:31connected everything.
1:59:34It's gone. Okay?
1:59:38Now, everything is connected. Well done.
1:59:45So, even everything is connected, we
1:59:46still have many errors. So, if I go back
1:59:49to DRC,
1:59:51uh there are many errors with this inner
1:59:54plane. Do you know what is the problem?
1:59:57The problem is we need to rebuild these
1:59:59ground planes inside of our PCB, and
2:00:02that should fix many, many errors.
2:00:04Watch.
2:00:06Okay. Now, go back to DRC, clear, and
2:00:10rerun.
2:00:11Perfect. There is only one error,
2:00:14differential pair.
2:00:17And
2:00:18this is very easy to fix, basically
2:00:20uh
2:00:22this is telling us that the the USB is
2:00:25not properly routed in the length of 25
2:00:28mils.
2:00:29See? So, we just need to change this
2:00:33to little bit higher number, and then
2:00:35the error should disappear.
2:00:39Oh, perfect.
2:00:42These are the tracks which are not
2:00:44routed as differential pair. So, that's
2:00:46the length what we have to adjust.
2:00:52There is still problem with this chip. I
2:00:54received an email from JLCPCB
2:00:57and it says it takes 34 working days
2:01:01to get the chip.
2:01:03Yeah, if you go to schematic and if I
2:01:05copy the part number
2:01:10when you go to
2:01:11LCSC website
2:01:15you can see they still don't have it in
2:01:17stock.
2:01:20Mhm.
2:01:21If you have a look inside of data sheet,
2:01:23then they have two basically same chips,
2:01:26this A and Q version. They are exactly
2:01:30same. Watch the pinout, okay? Just the Q
2:01:33has different footprint.
2:01:35And if you have a look
2:01:37if you try to search for the Q version
2:01:40they have many in stock.
2:01:44So, maybe what we should do
2:01:47we should just use this Q version.
2:01:51And that's what the what I'm going to do
2:01:53now. I'm just going to
2:01:58change it in our schematic. So, I'm
2:02:00going to save this.
2:02:02I'm going to save it as a
2:02:05new version
2:02:07because I'm going to make a big big
2:02:09changes, okay?
2:02:12Uh and later in case I would like to go
2:02:14back to this A version, I always can do
2:02:17but I I always can go back. Now, I'm
2:02:20going to copy the part number of the Q
2:02:22version
2:02:24and I'm going to place it into our
2:02:26schematic.
2:02:30They have it, so that's good.
2:02:34Uh
2:02:37but they look different. The symbol
2:02:39looks different, so we
2:02:41ideally what we would like to do
2:02:44we would like to
2:02:45update the symbol, make it exactly the
2:02:47same.
2:02:49So, I'm going to save this
2:02:55component into my personal library.
2:02:58And we are going to adjust uh
2:03:01the shape of the symbol. We'll make it
2:03:03exactly the same, and then we can
2:03:04basically do very easy replacement in
2:03:07our schematic.
2:03:12Okay.
2:03:14So, on the top is going to be the power.
2:03:17I'm going to delete this.
2:03:21Adjust the
2:03:23size.
2:03:25Make it look exactly the same as the one
2:03:28what we have in schematic.
2:03:31So, move this away.
2:03:34Do you Do you remember how it looks?
2:03:36VBUS
2:03:37on the top.
2:03:40Positive, negative USB
2:03:44signals, CC1,
2:03:47CC2.
2:03:50Now, config one,
2:03:54two,
2:03:56three,
2:04:00power good,
2:04:02and ground.
2:04:07Make sure all the pins are exactly
2:04:10in the same place as uh in the in the
2:04:13other version of the chip.
2:04:16Okay, save and close. We can delete this
2:04:18one.
2:04:21Go to personal library, and we are going
2:04:23to place the new symbol.
2:04:26So, this is
2:04:27now the Q version of the chip.
2:04:31I'm going to change it to U1.
2:04:36Okay.
2:04:39We can delete this old one, the A
2:04:40version of the chip.
2:04:43And we can place the new one here.
2:04:51Remember the position of this one.
2:04:53I'm going to delete it.
2:04:57Confirm.
2:04:59Now,
2:05:00save everything, go to schematic design,
2:05:04and update PCB.
2:05:07We are going to add
2:05:09the new chip.
2:05:11And here it is.
2:05:13It is much smaller, and this one they
2:05:15have in stock.
2:05:17So, it will be very easy for us to build
2:05:19the board. I'm going to place it exactly
2:05:22in the same position as the original
2:05:24chip.
2:05:28Okay. Also, change the rotation.
2:05:33Perfect.
2:05:36And we may need to do few small
2:05:38adjustments because you can see there
2:05:40are many errors, many yellow crosses.
2:05:44So, first I'm going to
2:05:47delete these vias.
2:05:54Uh and uh
2:05:57there are many new errors. So, this is
2:05:59clearance. I'm going to double-check
2:06:01what we need to set.
2:06:04So,
2:06:07it is 10 mils is expected, but it is
2:06:10actually 6.9 mil.
2:06:13So, I'm going to
2:06:15adjust
2:06:17our spacing rule.
2:06:21And uh
2:06:23I'm going to make it smaller, okay?
2:06:25Between the tracks and between the pads,
2:06:28I'm going to use 6 mils.
2:06:32Now, when we double-check, they should
2:06:33disappear.
2:06:37Perfect. We just need to reconnect
2:06:38everything.
2:06:43So, I'm going to
2:06:46connect power. The width of this pad is
2:06:488.8. So, I'm going to use
2:06:528 mil track width.
2:06:55Mhm.
2:06:57And I'm going to connect this.
2:06:59But,
2:07:01we have to change also the minimum track
2:07:04width in our board.
2:07:06Right now, it is 10.
2:07:09But, for 50 ohms, we would like to use
2:07:116.1.
2:07:17I'm going to change it to 6 mils. So,
2:07:20later when we will be adjusting
2:07:22the track width for 50 ohms, we will not
2:07:25see any errors.
2:07:26Now, I can easily change it to 8 mils.
2:07:29And I'm going to
2:07:31move this wide wide track a little bit
2:07:35closer to our chip.
2:07:38Same here.
2:07:408 mil track.
2:07:42And I'm going to
2:07:44connect it to this decoupling capacitor.
2:07:51Maybe make it a little bit nicer.
2:07:57Use wide tracks.
2:08:05Mhm.
2:08:10Like this, maybe.
2:08:19Okay. Connect CC1.
2:08:246.1. That's the 50 ohm impedance, okay?
2:08:276.1. Little bit later, we will adjust
2:08:29all the tracks to 6.1. You will see.
2:08:34So, don't worry that it looks a little
2:08:36bit weird right now.
2:08:38Like part of the track is very thin and
2:08:40the other part of the track is wide.
2:08:49Connect
2:08:51all of them.
2:08:58So, basically, this design is going to
2:09:00be uh
2:09:02universal. So, in in case you would like
2:09:04to use the bigger chip later or in the
2:09:07future, you still can do it.
2:09:11You just change the footprint back as uh
2:09:13what we had before.
2:09:15And you can have
2:09:17a board which also supports the other
2:09:21chip, the A variant of the chip.
2:09:25Here, I'm going to delete this
2:09:28and route differential pair
2:09:33and connect it.
2:09:37Okay.
2:09:41Okay.
2:09:47Save.
2:09:50I still don't like this.
2:09:51Uh maybe I'm going to move this
2:09:54decoupling capacitor or a little bit
2:09:55closer.
2:10:00This is going to be better.
2:10:02Because decoupling capacitor should be
2:10:03always as close as possible to the power
2:10:06pin of the chip.
2:10:12So, I like this uh little bit more.
2:10:19Okay.
2:10:27>> Perfect.
2:10:30Here what we would like to do, we would
2:10:31like to make this copper a little bit
2:10:33bigger.
2:10:34Okay, so I'm going to draw this uh
2:10:37rectangle
2:10:40and I'm going to connect it to the
2:10:42ground net.
2:10:44Confirm.
2:10:47And notice these uh weird connections.
2:10:52We would like to have direct
2:10:54connections. So, here in this copper
2:10:56region
2:10:58for the single layer pad, I'm going to
2:11:00change it to direct. Now, select it and
2:11:04redraw.
2:11:07Okay, this is what I would like to have.
2:11:09And I would like to place uh one more
2:11:11via here and one more via here.
2:11:18I don't like this, so I'm going to move
2:11:20it a little bit away.
2:11:24Oops.
2:11:29Because the mm copper from the rectangle
2:11:33is uh
2:11:35cut out because the track was very close
2:11:39to the rectangle.
2:11:43Mm, maybe
2:11:47do it again.
2:11:52Like this.
2:11:55Okay. Now, when you select it again and
2:11:58redraw,
2:12:00now it's better.
2:12:05Okay.
2:12:12Watch what we are going to do with this
2:12:143.3 V.
2:12:15Uh
2:12:16I'm going to draw this copper region.
2:12:21Watch the position of my cursor.
2:12:24And basically, what we are going to do,
2:12:27we're going to replace these tracks.
2:12:30We're going to replace them with copper
2:12:33area.
2:12:35And that's what I normally do for
2:12:37powers. For For powers, I very often use
2:12:40this copper areas.
2:12:43So, just draw it, uh, same way as I do
2:12:46it.
2:12:48If you don't do it exactly the same way,
2:12:51uh, you can always adjust the shape a
2:12:54little bit later.
2:12:56So, don't worry.
2:12:58Uh, if, uh, what you are drawing isn't
2:13:01doesn't look exactly as what I'm
2:13:02drawing, just finish it.
2:13:05And a little bit later,
2:13:06you can adjust the shape.
2:13:12Okay?
2:13:14Be sure it is connected to 3.3 V.
2:13:16If not, then you can do it you can fix
2:13:18it this way.
2:13:21Okay.
2:13:26Now, we can do exactly the same
2:13:29here for this
2:13:30ground
2:13:32in this corner
2:13:34because, uh, this, uh,
2:13:37small regulator,
2:13:39it can get warm.
2:13:42And,
2:13:43uh,
2:13:44these big areas, they are very useful
2:13:49taking heat away.
2:13:52You know, because the input voltage can
2:13:53go up to 28 V.
2:13:55And
2:13:57And this, uh, chip, it has to
2:14:00create 3.3 V from, uh, 28 V. So,
2:14:06there could be a lot of heat generated
2:14:09inside of this chip.
2:14:11So, if we use this big
2:14:13copper area, it can help with taking the
2:14:16heat away from the chip.
2:14:19And that's why we are creating this big
2:14:21area for the ground, and also we created
2:14:24this big area for for the 3.3 volts.
2:14:27Both these big areas will help.
2:14:30Okay, be sure to disconnect it to
2:14:32ground.
2:14:35And this is very thin
2:14:38for ground. We're going to adjust the
2:14:40width
2:14:41of these connections.
2:14:44So, here
2:14:46in multi-layer pad
2:14:48change the width to 20.
2:14:52Watch what's going to happen. So, select
2:14:55and rebuild.
2:14:57Now it's wider.
2:14:59Okay.
2:15:02Save.
2:15:05Now the USB power.
2:15:09So, draw copper region
2:15:14all
2:15:16around the power.
2:15:26So, this connection, it can
2:15:29I think for the USB
2:15:32uh
2:15:32the limit is like 5 amps for uh
2:15:36some of the specifications.
2:15:39So, quite a lot of current can actually
2:15:42flow
2:15:45through this connection.
2:15:49So, we would like to have it we would
2:15:51like to have this
2:15:54connection as good as possible
2:15:59to handle this
2:16:01higher current.
2:16:05The standard USB
2:16:07uh
2:16:10is uh you know, the one that you have on
2:16:12the on the PC is usually only half amp,
2:16:15but this USB-C
2:16:17especially with this power delivery
2:16:22capabilities,
2:16:23it can go up to 3 amps or it can go up
2:16:26to 5 amps
2:16:29based on the power adapter what you are
2:16:31using.
2:16:37Just draw it around all the pads.
2:16:41You can do it exactly the same way as I
2:16:43do it.
2:16:49And it's almost finished. This is the
2:16:51biggest one.
2:17:00Okay.
2:17:05Make sure it is connected to the USB
2:17:07power.
2:17:11Okay.
2:17:14And uh we will make a few adjustments,
2:17:17so I'm going to change the grid to
2:17:19smaller one.
2:17:21And select the polygon
2:17:24and just
2:17:27move the edges of the polygon.
2:17:36Maybe I can move it like this.
2:17:44Okay.
2:17:49Looks good.
2:17:54Maybe here I would like to
2:17:57make it just around the pad.
2:18:07>> Rebuild.
2:18:10And don't forget to go back to 5 mil
2:18:12grid.
2:18:15Save.
2:18:17We are going to learn something useful.
2:18:19Watch this polygon.
2:18:22The copper of this polygon is little bit
2:18:24deeper because it's influenced by this
2:18:25ground polygon.
2:18:27If you go to tools, copper manager, you
2:18:30can actually change the priority
2:18:32of the polygons. So, this one is on the
2:18:34top currently.
2:18:36This one is on the bottom, and I'm going
2:18:38to move it up.
2:18:40Okay. So, watch what's going to happen.
2:18:44So, first the
2:18:45USB
2:18:47uh power polygon is created, and then
2:18:48the ground polygon is created.
2:18:53Now, if you would like to have direct
2:18:54connection here, I don't want to use
2:18:56this virus.
2:18:57So, I'm going to add a new rule
2:19:01for the connection
2:19:04of the region.
2:19:06And for single layer path, and also
2:19:08multi layer path,
2:19:09I will set it as direct.
2:19:12And then, when we go to these net rules,
2:19:16copper zone,
2:19:18we will find the USB power, and we will
2:19:20use this rule.
2:19:23Okay.
2:19:24Now,
2:19:25select it, and
2:19:27redraw.
2:19:29And now it has direct connection.
2:19:36Okay.
2:19:39We are going to check the connections on
2:19:40the inner layers. For example, this is
2:19:42very thin. Also, this one.
2:19:46Or very narrow.
2:19:48So, I'm going to change. This time is
2:19:50going to be plane rule.
2:19:53We will keep it uh as spoke, but we will
2:19:56make it wider. 20 mils.
2:19:59Confirm, select, and of course rebuild.
2:20:02Watch what's going to happen. It is
2:20:04wider. Perfect. Also, do it for the
2:20:07layer three. Rebuild.
2:20:09And it's wider.
2:20:12Okay.
2:20:16As I mentioned before, we would like to
2:20:17use 50 ohm impedance, which is 6.1
2:20:22mil trace width for all the other
2:20:25digital tracks. So, this one is 6.1, but
2:20:27this one is
2:20:2810 mils. See?
2:20:31So, right click,
2:20:33find,
2:20:35find all the tracks
2:20:38with 10 mils
2:20:40width. Okay.
2:20:42And find all.
2:20:47You should see all these 10 mil tracks
2:20:49selected.
2:20:52And simply just go here and change the
2:20:55width to be 6.1 mil.
2:20:57So, this way,
2:20:59watch what's going to happen. This way,
2:21:01we actually change the all the tracks to
2:21:03be 50 ohm impedance, all the digital
2:21:06tracks.
2:21:08Except the USB. See? USB is still 6.2
2:21:13for 90 ohm differential pair impedance.
2:21:16We finished the layout. We connected
2:21:18everything, but we still would like to
2:21:20maybe do some adjustments in silkscreen.
2:21:23Silkscreen is usually the white color on
2:21:25your
2:21:27and usually there are like designators
2:21:29and text and some notes.
2:21:31So, first I'm going to enable designator
2:21:33of this USB C connector.
2:21:38You can see it is called J1.
2:21:40And I'm going to double-check what are
2:21:42the capabilities for silkscreen
2:21:45when the PCB is manufactured in JLCPCB.
2:21:50So, minimum line width and minimum text
2:21:52to height
2:21:536 and 40 mils.
2:21:56So, I'm just checking 6 and 45. It's
2:22:00okay, they can manufacture it.
2:22:02Uh but we can make it a little bit
2:22:04bigger, okay? 40 is very small.
2:22:08So, I I'm going to use
2:22:1280 mils and I'm going to place it like
2:22:14this.
2:22:16Same for this uh
2:22:18output connector.
2:22:21I'm going to enable the designator and
2:22:23I'm going to make it a little bit
2:22:24bigger, 80 mils.
2:22:28And maybe place it
2:22:31somewhere here, so it looks nice.
2:22:42Next, we are going to work only on the
2:22:46silkscreen layer and I'm going to
2:22:48add
2:22:51the description for the LEDs.
2:22:54So, you can use exactly same
2:22:59size of the text and same parameters of
2:23:02the text. I'm going to change this
2:23:07to center bottom because then it will be
2:23:08easier to
2:23:10align the text with the LEDs.
2:23:17Check the position.
2:23:19I'm going to copy it from the middle of
2:23:21the LED
2:23:23and place it on the other LEDs.
2:23:33Okay. And now when we adjust the text,
2:23:36it will be
2:23:38correctly centered.
2:23:44This one is going to be 20 volts and the
2:23:46last one is 28.
2:23:59Okay, be sure this correct, okay? I'm
2:24:01selecting this LED and just
2:24:03double-checking
2:24:05if the description of the LED is
2:24:07correct.
2:24:13Okay, perfect.
2:24:20Now,
2:24:22copy
2:24:23and just paste somewhere.
2:24:27I'm going to put here
2:24:30text output
2:24:33voltage.
2:24:37So, everyone understand what these LEDs
2:24:40are about.
2:24:47Okay.
2:24:54What else?
2:24:58Maybe we can put there more nodes. For
2:25:00example, we can put here a node like
2:25:02input
2:25:13Okay. And then output on the second
2:25:17connector.
2:25:18And we do it because
2:25:20everyone who is using your boards, they
2:25:22should be able to use them
2:25:24without actually looking into manual.
2:25:26So, if you can add
2:25:28information which is useful for everyone
2:25:31who is using your board,
2:25:33just add these nodes, add this text.
2:25:43Okay.
2:25:50Let's have a look.
2:25:52Cool.
2:25:55We are going to add some information
2:25:57about these switches. There is a lot of
2:25:59empty space.
2:26:01So, first
2:26:03I'm going to
2:26:06make it clear
2:26:09where are the switches.
2:26:14So, I will just place the text
2:26:17here.
2:26:20And uh
2:26:23we would like to also
2:26:25tell everyone
2:26:28which side of the switches is zero and
2:26:30which one is one.
2:26:33So, when the switch is uh
2:26:36in the bottom position, then
2:26:39it is zero.
2:26:43And when the switch is
2:26:46in the top position, it is one.
2:26:51Because on the switch itself, it says
2:26:53on. On the top, it says on. That's why I
2:26:56use one on the top.
2:26:59Okay.
2:27:02And now, we need to add the table which
2:27:04describes the position of the switches
2:27:07and the selected voltage.
2:27:09So, again, we are doing this
2:27:11because
2:27:13people should be able to use
2:27:16our board without looking into manual.
2:27:20So, ideally, we would like to put all
2:27:22the information about the switches and
2:27:25the selected voltage directly on the
2:27:26board.
2:27:29It's very simple to do. We have a lot of
2:27:30space on the board.
2:27:32So, why not?
2:27:39Okay.
2:27:43So, this is going to be switch one,
2:27:51switch
2:27:53two,
2:27:59and switch three.
2:28:07This is the output voltage.
2:28:16Okay.
2:28:26Now,
2:28:30we have to put here all the ones and
2:28:33zeros.
2:28:44So, first I will prepare this.
2:28:48Here, I'm going to copy it for
2:28:50every single line, for every single
2:28:52voltage.
2:28:54And then we will change everything
2:28:57at once.
2:29:08Okay.
2:29:09Go to schematic.
2:29:14Put here all the voltages.
2:29:2520
2:29:2728
2:29:31And now,
2:29:33be very careful. This is actually not
2:29:35one. This is zero, okay? And this is not
2:29:38zero, this is one. So, for 5 volts, we
2:29:41need to put here 0 0 0.
2:29:44And the reason why it is this way is
2:29:46because of how I mark uh the zero and
2:29:51one position of the switches, okay?
2:29:54So, we have to put it this way on the
2:29:58silk screen of our board.
2:30:00So, for this one is going to be 1 1 0.
2:30:07And for this one is going to be 0 1 0 0.
2:30:18Okay, and the last one is 1 0 1.
2:30:29Okay.
2:30:35Now, here we would like to see what is
2:30:37plus and what is minus.
2:30:39So,
2:30:41very simply, I'm going to add big
2:30:44plus
2:30:46here.
2:30:48You know, when you are connecting wires,
2:30:49you would like to clearly see which of
2:30:52the pins is plus and which one is minus.
2:30:55This why we would like to put this
2:30:57information directly on the PCB.
2:31:01We still have some space there.
2:31:05So, this one is minus.
2:31:10Okay.
2:31:13And let's have a look.
2:31:16Very cool.
2:31:19Now, this LED,
2:31:21uh we would like to put also some
2:31:22information about the LED on the board.
2:31:27So, you know, it is error LED, so I'm
2:31:31going to put here
2:31:35error text.
2:31:38So, everyone knows when this is on,
2:31:41there is something wrong.
2:31:45And we will explain what the problem is,
2:31:47okay? So, I'm going to put here more
2:31:49text.
2:31:51And I'm going to explain
2:31:54check if your
2:32:04power adapter supports PD, okay?
2:32:09So, copy this and continue.
2:32:12Check if
2:32:18Oops.
2:32:24Check if
2:32:28USB-C
2:32:30adapter
2:32:36supports
2:32:38PD.
2:32:45Okay.
2:32:47Perfect.
2:32:59Now, let's uh add also some information
2:33:02on the bottom side of our
2:33:04PCB. So, I'm going to enable this
2:33:06designator, but it is mirrored, see? So,
2:33:09go to view and flip board. So, this is
2:33:12the way how you can see the bottom side
2:33:14of your PCB.
2:33:16Now, the text is correct.
2:33:19And I'm going to double-check what is
2:33:21the size, what we use on the top.
2:33:24And we will use the same here.
2:33:28So, this is J3
2:33:30connector or J3 header.
2:33:34And uh also, we could add information
2:33:36about the pins.
2:33:38We have a lot of space there.
2:33:40So, again, I'm going to
2:33:43use uh some of the text what we already
2:33:45have on the top. I'm going to copy it,
2:33:48paste it,
2:33:49and I'm going to place it on the bottom
2:33:52silkscreen.
2:33:54Okay?
2:33:57Now,
2:33:59maybe place it like this.
2:34:03This is the clock.
2:34:08Okay?
2:34:14Make it look nice.
2:34:17Copy,
2:34:20paste.
2:34:23This one is ground.
2:34:26That's the middle pin.
2:34:33And this is These are the data.
2:34:36So, when someone is using this header,
2:34:39they will immediately know
2:34:42what are these pins. Again, they don't
2:34:44have to use manual, they don't have to
2:34:46look into schematic.
2:34:47They just will know from the PCB.
2:34:53Next, we would like to add some
2:34:55information about the board itself.
2:34:58Because sometimes you may have multiple
2:35:00versions of the board, multiple similar
2:35:03boards.
2:35:04So,
2:35:05you would like to put the name of the
2:35:07board
2:35:09on the silkscreen
2:35:13together with the version of the board.
2:35:15Okay? So, this is USB-C
2:35:19advanced
2:35:28power supply
2:35:30version 1 issue 0.
2:35:34Okay?
2:35:39And
2:35:41maybe you would like to also add
2:35:42copyright or information about your
2:35:45company. So, I'm going to put here
2:35:48Fedevel
2:35:502026.
2:35:55Okay?
2:35:59Very important, don't forget
2:36:02about this.
2:36:10I'm going to save everything.
2:36:14I'm going to remove this space.
2:36:18And uh
2:36:20what else we are going to add?
2:36:22Some advertisement.
2:36:26You know, because
2:36:27I'm doing these tutorials also,
2:36:31you know, to promote a little bit our
2:36:33company and what we do.
2:36:36So, if you would like to learn more
2:36:38about how to design boards, we actually
2:36:41have website with online courses,
2:36:44all the kind of uh
2:36:46different courses from Altium
2:36:48through KiCad, Cadence.
2:36:51Uh the courses are for beginners, also
2:36:54for senior engineers,
2:36:56about all the kind of topics. Uh
2:36:58from like learning the basics, uh how to
2:37:03use different tools, up to EMC or
2:37:06measurements, and you know, very
2:37:09advanced topics like signal integrity.
2:37:12So, don't forget, if you would like to
2:37:14learn more about electronics, then you
2:37:17can go on our website.
2:37:20Do you know what is our website?
2:37:22www.federal.com
2:37:26Thank you very much.
2:37:30Okay.
2:37:33Let's have a look.
2:37:35Cool.
2:37:38And there is this big empty space. We
2:37:40are going to put logo here.
2:37:46Mhm.
2:37:48I need to move this little bit because
2:37:50maybe it's not very symmetrical.
2:37:53I will just move it little bit up.
2:38:00Mhm. I think this is better. Let's have
2:38:03a look.
2:38:07Okay, little bit better.
2:38:16Now, this is the picture with our logo.
2:38:19It is very simple picture.
2:38:21This one is black and no background, but
2:38:23you can also use black and white.
2:38:26Place image.
2:38:29Just select the image. Open.
2:38:32Uh leave this.
2:38:35Set the size.
2:38:37Click here. This is very important.
2:38:39Okay. And confirm. And this is basically
2:38:41the way how you can add any picture
2:38:45on your board.
2:38:48I'm going to double check if it's in
2:38:50center. I'm going to move it a little
2:38:52bit maybe.
2:38:55Like this.
2:39:00And
2:39:02let's have a look.
2:39:07Super cool. very nice.
2:39:13And I'm going to teach you one more
2:39:14trick.
2:39:15We are going to again add logo,
2:39:18but
2:39:20special logo, gold logo.
2:39:24We are going to place it here on the top
2:39:26layer.
2:39:27Oh, you have to place it where the
2:39:28copper is,
2:39:30but we are going to basically do it
2:39:33through this top solder mask layer.
2:39:36So, again, I'm going to use same image.
2:39:39And here on the
2:39:41top of the copper, we are going to place
2:39:44very small
2:39:46logo.
2:39:48And
2:39:51where the logo is, the
2:39:54solder mask is going to be removed. The
2:39:57color of the PCB is going to be removed.
2:39:59In this case, it is the blue color.
2:40:03But uh normally it's the green color
2:40:05which is removed. And if your
2:40:08board, if you use the ENIG finish, the
2:40:10gold finish, then this logo is going to
2:40:12be gold.
2:40:14It's going to look very, very nice, very
2:40:16cool.
2:40:19So, if you would like to have gold logo
2:40:20on your PCB, this is the way how you do
2:40:22it, okay? Just remove the solder mask
2:40:24from the area.
2:40:26And be sure there is copper
2:40:28in this area.
2:40:31I'm going to add information about
2:40:33license because, you know, this is very
2:40:35important.
2:40:38Just copy and paste. I already have it
2:40:40prepared.
2:40:45I will just adjust the size and font.
2:40:53Okay.
2:40:57And save.
2:41:02There is uh this one which keeps
2:41:04bothering me. I would like to make this
2:41:06ground plane a little bit bigger and put
2:41:09there
2:41:10maybe a little bit more vias because the
2:41:12chip is very very small
2:41:15and you know the
2:41:16input voltage is 28 volts.
2:41:20Um
2:41:22maybe it can get hot.
2:41:25So,
2:41:27I would like to put there more vias to
2:41:29help the heat dissipate
2:41:32away from the chip.
2:41:34I'm not sure how hot it can get, but you
2:41:36know, we have a lot of space around the
2:41:38chip, so we can add
2:41:40more vias.
2:41:41We can We can make this ground plane
2:41:44a little bit bigger. So, why not?
2:41:48Okay.
2:41:50We need to assign the net names
2:41:52to these
2:41:54vias.
2:42:01And then we have to redraw the
2:42:04copper.
2:42:05I need to move the little bit away.
2:42:11Okay.
2:42:13I'm going to delete the old
2:42:18rectangle,
2:42:20old copper pour.
2:42:23Just delete it and I'm going to draw a
2:42:26new one.
2:42:29Um top layer
2:42:31copper region polygon.
2:42:34And I'm going to draw it around these
2:42:35vias.
2:42:44Always when you think a component may
2:42:46get hot,
2:42:48then try to find a way how to
2:42:51put there maybe bigger
2:42:53copper or more vias in case you have a
2:42:56ground planes, big ground planes inside
2:42:58of your PCB,
2:43:00then these ground vias can take heat
2:43:03away
2:43:04and bring it into these big ground
2:43:07planes. It's very helpful.
2:43:10It helps a lot. You will be surprised. I
2:43:12remember uh
2:43:15once I had like four ground planes
2:43:17inside of my PCB and I forgot to set the
2:43:21thermal thermal relief.
2:43:24That's the star connection
2:43:26of the
2:43:28through-hole pins,
2:43:30which we adjusted before. You remember
2:43:32it?
2:43:33I forgot to make these thermal relief on
2:43:36ground pins and it was extremely hard to
2:43:39solder down all the ground through-hole
2:43:42pins because there were four ground
2:43:44planes inside of the PCB.
2:43:50Okay, now I'm happy.
2:44:03Don't forget to change the grid size
2:44:05back to 10 mils.
2:44:07And also double-check if there are no
2:44:09errors.
2:44:11Basically, we are finished.
2:44:15Uh and before generating the output
2:44:17outputs for manufacturing, we need to be
2:44:20sure everything is correct. So, what we
2:44:22are going to do, we are going to rerun
2:44:25the RC check for schematic. There are no
2:44:28errors, just this one warning, but it is
2:44:30okay.
2:44:31We are going to be sure that the
2:44:34schematic and PCB are synchronized. So,
2:44:36run this update PCB.
2:44:39Perfect, no changes.
2:44:41Uh now, in PCB,
2:44:44we would like to
2:44:45rebuild all the polygons.
2:44:48We would like to rebuild the
2:44:51ground planes inside of our PCB.
2:44:57And
2:44:59we would like to read on DRC
2:45:02on PCB.
2:45:06Okay, everything seems to be fine.
2:45:08So, we can lock our board.
2:45:14Go to export.
2:45:17Gerber files.
2:45:20Now, export Gerber.
2:45:26Continue.
2:45:30And this is the file what we have
2:45:32generated.
2:45:33Okay, these are the files which are
2:45:35needed to manufacture our PCB.
2:45:39I'm going to
2:45:40make temporary
2:45:43directory and we are going to
2:45:44double-check these uh files.
2:45:47So, go and search for ViewMate. This is
2:45:49what I use
2:45:51to check Gerber files. It is free
2:45:53software.
2:45:55You can just uh download it here and
2:45:58install it
2:45:59on your PC.
2:46:02Once you run it, this is how it looks.
2:46:06Go to file, import Gerber.
2:46:11Okay, I'm going to
2:46:13open the directory with the files what
2:46:16we just generated.
2:46:19And we are going to
2:46:21import these Gerber files. I'm going to
2:46:24order them by name.
2:46:27We are going to import them into this
2:46:29software.
2:46:30Click on the next layer and import also
2:46:33drill files.
2:46:35So, these are the drill files. Import.
2:46:39Switch off everything.
2:46:41Switch on the board outline layer.
2:46:44And one by one
2:46:46double check every layer.
2:46:49So,
2:46:51you can very nicely see the mask and
2:46:53paste layers.
2:46:56You can see the silk screen,
2:46:59top layer. Everything seems to be fine.
2:47:05This is the It is inside of the board.
2:47:10So, the mask layer is the green color or
2:47:12blue color or red color. Silk screen is
2:47:15the white color on the PCB.
2:47:18And paste paste layer is the layer
2:47:22which is used
2:47:24uh for the solder paste for the SMD
2:47:28components.
2:47:30Okay, everything seems to be fine.
2:47:33Here are also the
2:47:36drilling uh
2:47:38Here is the drilling information.
2:47:41So, these are the vias.
2:47:43These are all the holes.
2:47:46These are not plated. Not plated it
2:47:47means there is no copper inside of these
2:47:49holes.
2:47:54Perfect. It looks good.
2:47:59So,
2:48:00we can actually delete this directory
2:48:03temporary direct directory.
2:48:05We don't need it anymore.
2:48:07These are the file This is the file what
2:48:08we will need for manufacturing.
2:48:11Next, export bill of material. So, this
2:48:14is the next file what you need to
2:48:16manufacture your board.
2:48:20Be sure it is set uh same way as I have
2:48:23it here.
2:48:25Export BOM.
2:48:27So, BOM is bill of material. It is list
2:48:30of all the components which are used
2:48:33on your board. When we open it,
2:48:37this is how it looks.
2:48:41Okay.
2:48:42You can see these are all the
2:48:43components.
2:48:45Uh and here is the side of the PCB where
2:48:48these components are used. You can see
2:48:51uh these are all the fitted components.
2:48:54When we double-check, this is unfitted
2:48:56R8, R9,
2:48:58R7. These are unfitted.
2:49:01But uh because we marked them, they are
2:49:03not fitted, they are not included in
2:49:05this bomb. See? The perfect.
2:49:10So, this bomb was correctly generated.
2:49:16Okay?
2:49:18And there is one more file, pick and
2:49:20place file.
2:49:22Again, use exactly same settings what I
2:49:24have here.
2:49:27Click on export.
2:49:29This file is used for the machine which
2:49:31is placing the SMT components.
2:49:34So, this is the file what we generated.
2:49:37And uh here are all the components
2:49:40and the position on the PCB. Okay? So,
2:49:43based on this,
2:49:44the machine will know
2:49:47where to place the components. We only
2:49:49we are only going to place the
2:49:50components on the top side.
2:49:55And only the components which are fitted
2:49:57in bomb. So,
2:50:00I'm going to remove all the components
2:50:02which are on the bottom. That's the
2:50:04header or the connector for I2C. And I'm
2:50:07going to remove or delete all the
2:50:09components which are not in the bomb.
2:50:15Okay?
2:50:18Delete.
2:50:22Save. And I'm going to call this
2:50:26top only.
2:50:29Save.
2:50:31Close.
2:50:34So, these are the files what we need to
2:50:37manufacture our board.
2:50:40Go to JLCPCB website.
2:50:46Click on instant quote.
2:50:52And I'm going to
2:50:54drag and drop the Gerber files here.
2:51:05So, this is our board. This is the top
2:51:07and bottom side.
2:51:10Four layers.
2:51:14Um
2:51:15I would like to use red.
2:51:17Watch what's going to happen. The price
2:51:19is going to be increased. So, if you
2:51:21would like to keep price low, just use
2:51:23the green one.
2:51:26And ENIG, that's the gold layer
2:51:29on the PCB, okay?
2:51:31This is what will make our logo gold,
2:51:33but it is kind of expensive.
2:51:39Uh
2:51:40okay, because we are using uh
2:51:44which stack-up?
2:51:463313 stack-up. So, we have to select it
2:51:49here.
2:51:52Confirm.
2:51:56Um layer sequence should be okay.
2:51:59We'll then double-check it later.
2:52:05Remove mark, okay.
2:52:09Everything else here looks okay.
2:52:14Um we don't have to do anything here.
2:52:17Now, PCB assembly. So, this is all about
2:52:19the components.
2:52:21So, we would like to place components on
2:52:22top side of our board.
2:52:26Confirm placement. I always do this
2:52:29because
2:52:30uh
2:52:32I would like to be sure they will feed
2:52:33all the components correctly.
2:52:39Okay. Next.
2:52:44Next.
2:52:45Now, we need to upload the bomb bill of
2:52:48material.
2:52:50So, drag and drop it here.
2:52:54And also pick and place file.
2:52:58So, this one, top only.
2:53:02Next.
2:53:07Okay, they have all the components. This
2:53:09is perfect. If they don't have all the
2:53:11components, don't worry. You can just
2:53:13buy them in your standard supplier and
2:53:16then solder these components later when
2:53:18you receive the boards. Okay? Don't
2:53:20worry.
2:53:22You can see some of the components are
2:53:25not fitted, so that's correct.
2:53:29And this is the final price.
2:53:31I'm going to
2:53:34put here a note what is this board
2:53:36about. They usually use this for
2:53:38customs. So, you need to put here this
2:53:41information.
2:53:45And you can have a look. So, this is the
2:53:47PCB price. This is the assembly price.
2:53:50This includes also the component price.
2:53:53So, there is setup fee,
2:53:55uh stencil,
2:53:57components feeders, all the kind of uh
2:54:00fees. If you
2:54:03if you don't want to pay for the
2:54:04assembly, you can buy all the components
2:54:06by yourself and then you can save a lot
2:54:08of money. Uh let's double check our
2:54:11order. So, first I'm going to click on
2:54:13this edit order.
2:54:16And we can go to this Gerber viewer.
2:54:20Just to be sure these Gerber files were
2:54:24correctly loaded.
2:54:27We can go to these layers which have
2:54:29everything.
2:54:32And double check it.
2:54:34Uh
2:54:35when I when I say that you can save a
2:54:37lot of money on the assembly
2:54:40I mean you still have to pay for the
2:54:43components itself, but you don't have to
2:54:45pay the you know set up fees and feeder
2:54:48fees and some extra charges. So you can
2:54:51save some money if you if you uh
2:54:55assemble the board by yourself.
2:54:57Uh
2:54:58and if you buy the green PCB, then it
2:55:01may be it will be much cheaper than what
2:55:03you see
2:55:04what I have here.
2:55:07Okay.
2:55:09You can double check also the settings
2:55:12on the PCB and also all the settings for
2:55:14the
2:55:17and the components. It is list of the
2:55:19components. This is the placement.
2:55:22Everything seems to be fine.
2:55:24Select maze and we can order our boards.
2:55:27So click here.
2:55:32Continue.
2:55:37I'm going to use DHL, but you can use
2:55:39also this. It's uh cheaper.
2:55:45But it takes longer.
2:55:50Okay, there are some coupons. So if you
2:55:52like, you can apply one of these
2:55:55coupons. Why not?
2:55:58And let's pay.
2:56:03Once you pay, then you can
2:56:04always check uh status of your order
2:56:08here.
2:56:13Now, what you can do, you can save this
2:56:15as a new version
2:56:17in case you need to go back and check
2:56:20what you sent to production, you can
2:56:21always go and open this specific
2:56:23version.
2:56:25So, don't forget if some of the
2:56:26components are missing, you can just go
2:56:28to your supplier like Digikey,
2:56:31Mouser,
2:56:32or
2:56:33Farnell, and you can buy the components
2:56:36and fit them a little bit later after
2:56:38you receive your board.
2:56:41Do you remember when we were ordering
2:56:43PCB, we checked the checkbox to let us
2:56:46know
2:56:47to confirm the component placement?
2:56:51So, that's what we are going to do now.
2:56:54And this is very useful because
2:56:55initially the component placement is not
2:56:58correct. Uh you don't have to correct it
2:57:00by yourself. Just leave it to them, and
2:57:02then ask them after they make the
2:57:04corrections, ask them to send you this
2:57:06notification, and then you can just
2:57:08double check if the component placement
2:57:10is correct. And they always make it
2:57:13good. I never had problems with this
2:57:15component placement
2:57:17after they check it.
2:57:20So, we can just confirm confirm this.
2:57:24And basically, everything is ready.
2:57:31After 10 days, I received this package.
2:57:37And let's have a look what is inside.
2:57:41Our boards!
2:57:42Cool!
2:57:45So, remove the panel.
2:57:51And let's have a look.
2:57:54So nice. Really, really nice.
2:57:58This is the back side.
2:58:04Okay?
2:58:06Double check the soldering. Okay, be
2:58:08sure
2:58:09everything is soldered correctly, there
2:58:12are no short circuits,
2:58:15quality of the soldering is okay.
2:58:18Double check the unfitted components.
2:58:20Double check pin one position
2:58:22on the chips.
2:58:26Remove this foil.
2:58:28And be sure all the switches are in the
2:58:31bottom position.
2:58:33Now, I'm going to use this uh, special
2:58:35device.
2:58:37I've got it from NextPCB as a present,
2:58:39but you can buy it on Amazon.
2:58:41It's very, very useful device, okay? It
2:58:43will show you the
2:58:45voltage and current uh, going through
2:58:48the USB.
2:58:49And it works. 5 volts
2:58:51and the LED is 5 volts and the current
2:58:54is really, really minimal. So,
2:58:56everything seems to be fine.
2:58:58I'm going to double check
2:59:00the output voltage from the regulator,
2:59:023.3 volts, and the input voltage on the
2:59:05regulator,
2:59:075 volts.
2:59:08Perfect.
2:59:10Now,
2:59:11I have this electronic load. I'm going
2:59:13to set 3 amps. Be sure the switches are
2:59:16set to 5 volts and we are going to
2:59:17double check.
2:59:19So, 5 volt,
2:59:235 volt, 5 volt. I'm going to switch on
2:59:25this electronic load.
2:59:27We should see 3 amps. 3 amps.
2:59:31And if we try different voltage,
2:59:369 volts, 9 volts, 9 volts, 3 amps is
2:59:40flowing. Next one
2:59:42is 12 volts.
2:59:45Next one is 20 volts and I have to
2:59:50decrease the current because the
2:59:53electronic load is only up to 60 watts.
2:59:56Everything is working fine. Perfect.
2:59:59This is the power supply or the adapter
3:00:01what I used.
3:00:05And uh, don't forget you have to use
3:00:07also this special 3.1 USB cable.
3:00:11If you use a different kind of cable,
3:00:13for example, like this one or different
3:00:15adapter, you can get different uh
3:00:17results. For 5 V, this one works.
3:00:21This one also works for 9 V.
3:00:25Uh next one is 12.
3:00:27Okay? So, don't forget this is different
3:00:29adapter.
3:00:30And some adapters, they don't work for
3:00:32everything, like this one, 28 V, see?
3:00:35There is error. This adapter what I'm
3:00:37using right now or this cable, it can't
3:00:40deliver 28 V.
3:00:42Okay?
3:00:44And this is different cable just from
3:00:45standard PC. You can see it says 5 V all
3:00:48the time.
3:00:49Error LED is on because standard PC
3:00:52doesn't support power delivery. This
3:00:55switch is they don't work. Have a look.
3:00:56It doesn't matter what I do with the
3:00:58switches, it just doesn't work. So, be
3:01:00sure you use correct USB-C power adapter
3:01:05to work with this port.
3:01:08Now, go to data sheet and there is
3:01:10something very interesting.
3:01:12There is this PPS voltage configuration
3:01:15register where you can set output
3:01:17voltage. So, when you are running this
3:01:19chip in PPS mode, you can set all the
3:01:21kind of different output voltages.
3:01:24But to be able to run uh this chip in
3:01:27I2C,
3:01:28uh we have to run it in this single
3:01:31register mode.
3:01:32And single register mode, it means
3:01:34uh CFG1 connects resistors to ground.
3:01:38So, if we go here, this is CFG1 and this
3:01:41is the resistor which by default we do
3:01:44not fit. It is this resistor.
3:01:47So, what we are going to do, we are
3:01:48going to add with this pull up. It is
3:01:51this one and we will fit the pull down
3:01:53resistor to be able to use I2C
3:01:57and talk to our chip.
3:01:59So, let's do this. We need to solder
3:02:02down this header, this connector.
3:02:07Uh this is the device what I'm going to
3:02:09use. I will connect it to my PC. These
3:02:11are the
3:02:13signals, SDA, ground, and clock.
3:02:16And we will connect them here.
3:02:19So, first I'm going to put little bit of
3:02:22solder on each of the pads. I'm going to
3:02:24connect the cable
3:02:26because then the heat from the pins goes
3:02:29away and uh
3:02:31the pins will not
3:02:33uh melt in the plastic.
3:02:35It's a very useful trick. Now, I'm going
3:02:38to
3:02:39uh remove this puller.
3:02:42Okay, clean it little bit.
3:02:45And uh I'm going to put the resistor
3:02:47back but as a pull down. It is 10K
3:02:49resistor. It is not like 6.8 or what
3:02:52they recommend.
3:02:53But for this testing, it really doesn't
3:02:55matter.
3:02:56So, if you don't have the exact 6.8 uh K
3:03:00resistor, you can just use the 10K. For
3:03:02the testing, it's fine. So, this one is
3:03:04not fitted. This one is fitted.
3:03:06Be sure uh the switches are in the
3:03:09bottom position. Now, I'm going to start
3:03:11this control center.
3:03:13And I'm going to connect uh this I2C
3:03:16device what I'm using.
3:03:18Okay.
3:03:25We are ready to test it. So, be sure uh
3:03:28you connect all the wires correctly. So,
3:03:31SDA, ground, and clock.
3:03:34So, we are going to connect it to
3:03:37USB.
3:03:39And now, ignore these LEDs, okay? They
3:03:41don't work correctly.
3:03:44Just ignore the green LEDs.
3:03:48Uh
3:03:50the address is 22. So, here is 22.
3:03:54And these are the registers, 9 and A.
3:03:58So, I'm going to read from the The 9, 8
3:04:01bits.
3:04:03So, that's 88 and 01 is basically this
3:04:06uh
3:04:07what is inside of this A register. It
3:04:09means 9 volts. See?
3:04:11Now, if you'd like to put that 12 volts,
3:04:14then we need to put there number two.
3:04:17So, in register A, we need to put number
3:04:19two, right?
3:04:21See? 12 volts.
3:04:2315 volts, we need to put here number
3:04:25three.
3:04:27And watch, right?
3:04:3015.
3:04:32But, what is more interesting, it is to
3:04:33play with this voltage configuration
3:04:35register.
3:04:37I'm going to switch to this batch mode
3:04:39because we need to write multiple
3:04:40values. It is very simple script. At the
3:04:43beginning, we are just doing I squared C
3:04:45initialization.
3:04:47Then, uh there is the uh default setup,
3:04:515 volts. So, here in this A register, we
3:04:53will enable 5 volts.
3:04:56And a little bit later, we are using
3:04:58this uh voltage configuration register
3:05:01to set the output voltage. Okay?
3:05:04And I made this very simple table.
3:05:07So, here are the uh
3:05:09numbers what we need to put
3:05:11into the register based on the voltage
3:05:13what we require. And the last value what
3:05:15we will run will be 6.7 volts. So, these
3:05:18are all the kind of uh voltages what we
3:05:21will see on the output, from 5 volts up
3:05:23to 20. Watch.
3:05:256 7 8 9 10
3:05:29Okay? We are setting up all these
3:05:31voltages through the
3:05:32voltage configuration register.
3:05:35And the last one is this 6.7 because I
3:05:37wanted to show you you can actually set
3:05:39any kind of voltage. Okay? So, it's the
3:05:42number 43. You can see 6.7 volts.
3:05:50Now, we are basically finished, but
3:05:52there are still few words that I would
3:05:54like to say. So, first, if you search
3:05:57for Federal
3:05:59uh GitHub,
3:06:02go here.
3:06:04And I created this USB-C advanced power
3:06:07supply repository.
3:06:09Here you will find all the information
3:06:11about this project, okay? So, even in
3:06:13future, if I make any changes or
3:06:15anything, uh
3:06:17I will post all the resources, all the
3:06:20links on this project. If you are
3:06:21building this board, have a look uh here
3:06:25because maybe you will find see here
3:06:26something what
3:06:28I don't know, something new, something
3:06:29what can be useful for you.
3:06:32And also, I'm going to create uh this uh
3:06:35project also on this
3:06:37O S H W Lab.
3:06:41Uh
3:06:42this is basically website which is
3:06:43connected with EasyEDA directly. So,
3:06:47once you see the project listed in here,
3:06:49you can very easily clone whole project.
3:06:52Uh you can open it in EasyEDA, and you
3:06:54can just uh you know, continue modifying
3:06:57and improving this board. So, this will
3:07:00make it very easy if you like the board
3:07:02and you would like to make some changes
3:07:03for yourself.
3:07:06And uh that's everything for this
3:07:08tutorial. I really hope you design and
3:07:11build your own board. Let me know, okay?
3:07:14Let me know in the comments.
3:07:16And don't forget if uh you would like to
3:07:18learn more about electronics and how to
3:07:20design boards, check out our online
3:07:23courses. You will find everything
3:07:25important there from basic board design
3:07:28up to advanced board design and
3:07:30high-speed PCB layout. We have courses
3:07:32in
3:07:33Altium, Cadence, KiCad, and also courses
3:07:36covering many different topics, for
3:07:38example, FPGA, EMC measurements, and so
3:07:41on. Visit our website at federal.com.
3:07:45That's all for this video. Thank you
3:07:46very much for watching, and don't forget
3:07:48to leave your comments.
3:07:51See you in the next video. Bye.

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