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Holocaust Survivor Eva Schloss Speaks at Westlake High School — Transcript

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0:07three two one go ahead my name is eva
0:23schloss would you like to ask me some
0:26questions about my life why don't you
0:30ask me a question in conscience why
0:33don't you ask me a question about
0:35Auschwitz
0:38[Music]
0:56everybody said never again house which
0:58we have learned our lesson but it looked
1:01bad again in the world to hate that
1:04discrimination so I thought it really
1:07necessary to teach and to speak about it
1:12[Music]
1:18[Music]
1:29[Music]
1:31my name is pin house Goethe I will
1:35answer any questions you might have for
1:37me how old were you in the war indeed I
1:42was between the ages of 13 and 14 when
1:46the war ended in 1945 but he he doesn't
1:52move much really and that's that's his
1:55choice well it's very Jewish to talk
1:57with your hands and you should feel
1:59comfortable to do yeah yeah it's gonna
2:03be somewhat normal hmm in a hundred
2:07years time to have a person sitting in
2:10in this position and it won't seem as
2:13unnatural when when you start to get
2:17into the questions and you start to get
2:19into the dialogue you kind of lose sight
2:21of the fact that the person is not
2:23actually there
2:26[Music]
2:38gosh oh my goodness this is Andrew yes
2:42hi and oh nice to meet you
2:44please mrs. Lisa her granddaughter right
2:47now is about 100 cameras on the stage so
2:49we're recording everything in all
2:51directions the idea behind the green is
2:53that we can then take out the green and
2:54replace it with any other environment
2:57that you're gonna be talking in the
2:58future so this could be a classroom it
3:00could be a museum and we can put those
3:02backdrops behind you in the beginning I
3:10didn't know really how to speak you know
3:13it's something you have to learn
3:17eventually I found my own voice
3:20[Music]
3:33okay here we go good morning good
3:36morning how are you I'm feeling very
3:40well a little nervous okay when did you
3:44first start telling your story since
3:471986 I started to speak for the first
3:51time and I haven't really stopped since
3:57today is October the 9th 1996 the
4:01survivor being interviewed is eva
4:03schloss maiden name Gehringer I realized
4:07suddenly that people are interested in
4:10people do want to know about it and this
4:12was really a big turning point in my
4:16life
4:19this is a repeat after me my name is eva
4:23schloss and I'm a Holocaust survivor my
4:25name is eva schloss I'm a Holocaust
4:28survivor I'm actually a recording so I
4:32can't answer that question I'm actually
4:35a recording I can't answer that question
4:38I don't remember I don't remember maybe
4:44you should try to reboot maybe you
4:48should try to reboot they book we reboot
4:55so technical for me I don't quite
5:02imagine how people will feel about that
5:05to pretend it is somebody really
5:08speaking to them who lived at that time
5:10thirty or fifty years ago
5:14[Music]
5:18how did it feel to wear the yellow star
5:21Eva I was quite a stubborn child and I
5:29didn't want to wear the yellow star I
5:31didn't see why that was necessary and I
5:35had a big fight with my mother I didn't
5:38want to but my mother explained to me
5:40very very carefully and solely why it
5:43was dangerous not to wear it can I just
5:47tell you these answers are great for
5:48just the right length or the right
5:50amount of details wonderful okay what
5:56happened when you arrived at Auschwitz
5:59men and women were separated so people
6:03cling to each other cried and really
6:06they lived horrible and the gods came
6:10and beat us apart and my father took me
6:16by the hand and said Eva chair God will
6:19protect you
6:22[Music]
6:29[Music]
6:33now forcing of actors who do everyday
6:37the same story a very it because if I
6:40would do the same thing all the time
6:42then I might get fed up with it have you
6:48come up with a name for the contraption
6:50that you're in their cage the cage okay
6:56so describe to us the most emotional
7:00situation that you had to face while you
7:02were in Auschwitz Birkenau I think the
7:12biggest shock
7:13experienced was when I saw my naked
7:16mother walking out of this bag knowing
7:23that she was going to be guests I think
7:27that was the hardest moment experienced
7:34and when she she was saved and be very
7:41United and she lived for a long long
7:44time till 93 years old
8:05I had always seen it in front of my eyes
8:08so I lifted this aid really you know I
8:12saw the inside of the kettle talk very
8:15well move the saucer heavily now trade
8:18say I saw it was in at night specially
8:21when of us not busy you know all those
8:24images came back till I started to speak
8:29about Zen I could let go okay this is
8:38over here right here these are the gas
8:40chambers over here in this area and
8:43these are the forests around here yeah
8:45the pond the pond where you would have
8:48gone to get water is all around this
8:50area here how does it make you feel
8:54looking at that silly very confused
9:00because when you the insight you had no
9:02idea how big it was around again and
9:06where and what then huh
9:11[Music]
9:19there's not that they goes FEV and I'm
9:22not thinking about them in one way or
9:24another
9:24I wasn't coping at all after the war and
9:31it was otto frank who came very often to
9:34our house who saw how I was suffering
9:37and he really helped me a lot
9:41[Music]
9:47I don't sing ever replaced Anna for him
9:51and I personally had the feeling very
9:54often but said he never ever made me
9:57really really sing said but I just felt
10:00it that when he looked at me I over
10:03thought is he thinking why did this
10:07child survive and why not my own
10:09daughter
10:13do you remember how you felt about him
10:16after you read the diary I must say I
10:19wasn't particularly interested in it at
10:23first water I was much too busy to cope
10:30with my own grief
10:33[Music]
10:38under frank says in her diary when she
10:41dies she would like to live on meaning
10:43she wants to become immortal and she has
10:46succeeded
10:47[Music]
10:56how did your daughters cope with having
11:00two parents who both experienced trauma
11:04as soon as severe teenagers and older
11:07and started to know more about our
11:11history as soon as they had difficulties
11:13to cope with it to accept it
11:17she told us sort of anecdotes and
11:20stories but it was almost like it was
11:21someone else's experiences not her own
11:24it was a certain time where she didn't
11:27want to talk about it and was protecting
11:28us our generation has been uprooted
11:32and as a result of the experiences
11:38through which all of her all of us have
11:41come and we have some psychological
11:43problems all of us one kind of one kind
11:47of anchor to the future is our children
11:52our grandchildren which hopefully we'll
11:55find back into normality
11:58[Music]
12:04[Music]
12:09great day great day you're gonna miss it
12:16yeah I'm not so sure back to normality
12:30normality then you still pick to work
12:34great race so you know I can't go back
12:37into a color after all so you need to
12:39ease yourself back to color usually
12:55twice a week go out speaking I said to
12:59my daughters who think and don't have to
13:01do all this and needs it for my sanity
13:07too hot I got over it the suffering the
13:13only thing what I still don't get over
13:16really and I don't think I ever really
13:18say loss
13:19[Music]
13:28this project will pull most immortalize
13:31her so that she can go on telling the
13:33story once she's no longer with us but
13:36it is still a story really it's what it
13:40is
13:41unless you live through it you can't
13:44fully identify
13:50I hope you don't forget what you've
13:53heard here today goodbye
14:01[Music]
14:24you
14:28today we are very honored to hear miss
14:31eva schloss a Holocaust survivor speaker
14:34and author she is Anne Frank's
14:36posthumous stepsister miss schloss was
14:40born in a peaceful and tolerant Vienna
14:42in 1929 where she lived until the rising
14:45anti-semitism of Nazi Austria forced her
14:49family to flee first to Brussels and
14:51then to Amsterdam in 1940 were they like
14:55the Franks were forced to go into hiding
14:57they lived in the respective hiding
15:00places until her 15th birthday when her
15:03entire family was betrayed arrested by
15:06the Nazis and sent to concentration
15:07camps she and her mother were subjected
15:12to the unspeakable horrors of the
15:14Holocaust in Auschwitz
15:15for nine months ouch Fitz was liberated
15:19by the Russian army in January of 1945
15:22and miss sloths and her mother returned
15:25to Amsterdam where they met otto frank
15:27who had also returned from auschwitz he
15:30had recently discovered Anne's diary and
15:33as we know spent the rest of his life
15:35spreading its message after he and her
15:39mother eventually married miss schloss
15:41became an stepsister after being asked
15:45to speak during an opening of the Anne
15:47Frank exhibition in 1985 mich schloss
15:50spoke after a long time of her
15:53experiences in the Holocaust ever since
15:55then she has traveled the world and told
15:57her story in an effort to educate and
16:00not allowed the traumatic events of her
16:02childhood to be repeated her life was
16:06forever altered by the events of the
16:08Holocaust and she is here now to share
16:11them with us to persuade us that
16:13something that horrific and hateful
16:14should never happen again listen
16:17carefully because the number of
16:19survivors decreases every year take
16:21advantage of this amazing opportunity
16:23with this in mind please join us in
16:26welcoming Holocaust survivor
16:28international speaker author and human
16:31rights activist miss Eva schloss
16:34[Applause]
16:54it's wonderful to be here with you today
16:57and to see such a full house and the
17:00hope it will be a hour which you will
17:03always remember thank you very much
17:12I feel like I'm about to interview the
17:17Queen of England
17:19IVA you had a happy family life in
17:23Vienna and then your family was forced
17:26to move first to Brussels and then to
17:27Amsterdam
17:28can you walk us through those early
17:30years please yes we've Jewish family
17:35living in Vienna Austria which is a
17:38beautiful city lots of culture but as
17:41well wonderful surroundings mountains
17:46and lakes and ever so very sporty child
17:49enough to go with my father to do
17:52mountain climbing and in the winter
17:54skiing I had an older brother
17:57we had grandparents aunts uncle a big
18:00extended family and life was really very
18:03very wonderful but all they stopped in
18:07March 1938
18:10I was just nine years old when Hitler
18:13without permission just marched into
18:17Austria with his army and occupied the
18:19country the Austrian people from one day
18:24to the next became suddenly are the
18:27Nazis the student the street with a Heil
18:32Hitler salute always a big swastika
18:34flags and life changed for us
18:38immediately it is unbelievable how from
18:42one day to the next the spirit the
18:46friendship has changed my brother Heinz
18:49he was 12 years old of course he went to
18:53school the next day so did I and he came
18:57home and he looked terrible his clothes
19:00were torn he was beaten up when my
19:02parents saw him they were in shock she
19:05said what on earth has happened to you
19:08and he said my own friend state said and
19:11the teachers just let it happen and look
19:14down so you can imagine it was it was
19:20unbelievable and my best friend was a
19:22Catholic girl and after school I usually
19:26went home to her we did a bit of game or
19:29gossiping but the next day as well when
19:32I went there when the mother saw me I
19:35could see she looked very cost and when
19:38she opened the door she said to me we
19:42will never want to see you here again
19:44and she slammed the door in my face and
19:47went home crying I said to my mother I
19:50don't understand we didn't have to
19:52quarrel and my mother said well for
19:55Jewish people life is going to be really
19:58really terrible from now on and the
20:02trouble was but that most people most
20:05Jewish people felt threatened but to get
20:09out of the country and to get visas you
20:12know safe countries was practically
20:14impossible in 1938 in Germany Hitler had
20:19already started with anti-jewish
20:21measures people had been arrested people
20:26lost their jobs people had been beaten
20:29up and of course we expect in Austria
20:33the same will happen but my father had
20:36business connections in Holland and he
20:39left immediately you know we didn't
20:43quite understand children parents tried
20:46to protect us but obviously they had
20:49plans that if something like that would
20:51happen my father would get away but when
20:55we wanted to follow it was impossible
20:57already then we heard that we could go
21:01illegally over the border into Belgium
21:04taking big big risks so we did that once
21:09you were in the country you could stay
21:11but you were not welcomed with them
21:14Jewish refugees people really didn't
21:18want to mix with us I went to school of
21:21course a french-speaking school I was
21:24put in the end of the class and the
21:27teacher said to me I didn't understand
21:29but you say just follow the lesson
21:31had no idea what's going on I felt they
21:36really outcast eventually I did learn my
21:40language a little bit
21:41and I made some friends with some little
21:44girls and it was my tenth birthday we
21:48lived in a boarding house and you know
21:51in Vienna at always lovely birthday
21:54parties and there was really keen to
21:56have another birthday party and the
21:59owner of supporting house said yes you
22:01can invite five girls so I did they gave
22:05out notices and I was very excited and
22:08today of my birthday all those girls
22:11brought a note from the parents that we
22:14are not allowed to come to my party
22:16you can you imagine how I felt I felt a
22:20real outcast in the mean time Hitler had
22:23gone already into no introduction
22:26Denmark and Norway and the war had
22:30started
22:30and the my father tried desperately to
22:33get the visa for us to come into Holland
22:36as well and eventually in May during the
22:40war in March 1940 he got the visa for us
22:44to visit him for three months in
22:47Amsterdam and my father took a furnished
22:50apartment and that we settled out there
22:57so then I met of course and you tell us
23:05about tell us more and we if you live in
23:10apartment not in houses that wasn't
23:13really possibly in Holland because it's
23:15quite a small country we had a nice
23:19little apartment but no yards for
23:22children to play and so all the children
23:25of the neighborhood came out on this big
23:27open space and one day a little girl
23:31came to me very polite introduced
23:34herself my name is Anna Frank
23:37we were both 11 years old at the time
23:40and it was quite interesting
23:43and they went not to the local school
23:45event to the ordinary local school but
23:47she went to a Montessori School this is
23:50a bit special
23:52all the sister didn't she went to the
23:54ordinary school but so her father must
23:57have realized that she needed a bit
23:59extra attention and she was a big big
24:02chatterbox she nickname was mrs. quack
24:06quack and very often she had to stay
24:09behind in class and the guy I don't know
24:12if you have to do that sometime to vent
24:14to get hundred lines of am NOT going to
24:18talks about she class but she couldn't
24:21help it you know after week again she
24:24had to stay behind again and when I told
24:27her I had an older brother miss eleven
24:31she said oh when can I come and meet him
24:34because he was already quite a big flirt
24:38for big boys where you know boys came
24:41into the house all the time
24:43so there was no mystery but when she
24:46heard I had the process he was quite
24:48jealous she said I only have a sister
24:50and so life started to be the Dutch
24:54people were very very nice I looked at
24:58she had blonde hair and blue eyes I got
25:00the bicycle everybody as a bicycle and
25:03we settled down but it didn't last long
25:06in May the Nazis invaded that country as
25:11well can you tell us about your hot
25:16going into hiding and then being
25:17betrayed well first of course severe
25:20measures against the Jewish people we
25:24had to wear a yellow star we were not
25:26allowed to go on public transport we had
25:29to hand in our bicycle
25:30we had house arrest after 8 o'clock we
25:33were not allowed to go out and it it was
25:38a nuisance it was not dangerous as such
25:40you know and we thought well we could
25:42cope with it but then we had to leave
25:45our schools and go to Jewish schools and
25:48that was already becoming really
25:50dangerous
25:51the Nazis went into the school
25:54it's told some of the classrooms fear
25:57for track downstairs go downstairs go in
26:00the plant in the evenings the parents
26:03waited was a chilling to come home and
26:05they never turned up so they went to the
26:09local police to try to find out and she
26:12never got any answer so children were
26:15never ever seen again only after the war
26:18did one here they were taken to a
26:21terrible terrible Austrian death camp
26:24and just sewn down from the cliffs there
26:28you can imagine you know my brother who
26:31turned 16 he even didn't dare to go out
26:35in the street because very often people
26:38that just picked up from the state in
26:40after two years 10,000 young people you
26:46could have been included six from 16 oh
26:49we've got the call-up notice to be
26:53deported to Germany and that was when
26:56many Jewish parents said we are not
26:59going to send our children it's danger
27:01so don't touch the Germans and my father
27:04called us together and they said they
27:07found some wonderful Dutch people who
27:09are going to share their homes with us
27:12but he didn't find as I say people
27:16difference as a small apartment I
27:18couldn't find a family who was taking in
27:21four people so we have to split up and I
27:25started to cry I didn't want to be
27:27separated and my father explained if I
27:31in two different places the chance that
27:35two of us will survive is bigger survive
27:41so that was the first time we certain
27:44years old said they realized it might be
27:47a matter of life and death and that is
27:50really quite scary so we went into
27:54hiding and the Nazis knew from the
27:5810,000 people perhaps only half had
28:01turned up so where are the other five
28:05and there really really were very solver
28:08to catch everybody so they made house
28:11searches so at night always at night at
28:15night they knocked on doors of people
28:17even that's ordinary people had to open
28:21the door had to let the Nazis come in
28:23and search their homes so in every
28:26hiding place
28:26they had their hiding place with Inza
28:29hiding place so when the knock came we
28:33quickly went into this hiding place but
28:36for instance we heard a story in another
28:39apartment
28:40there were Jewish hiding the beds were
28:43still warm and the people quickly went
28:45into hiding place
28:47so they demolished the whole apartment
28:49till the fountain people and the host
28:52people were arrested as well so you know
28:55people became scared so in the two years
28:59that we were hiding we moved perhaps
29:01seven times in two different hiding
29:04places what about the betrayal tell us
29:08about that
29:09so it was 1944 we were already hopeful
29:14their war won't last much longer and my
29:17father phoned my mother even touch by
29:20telephone survey in the country at the
29:23time the woman where they were staying
29:26is blackmailing them for more money well
29:29if you can't go to work my father
29:31couldn't go to well of course our money
29:35had more or less disappeared
29:36EMF with the war might still last six
29:40months or even a year so my father said
29:43we have to move please find us a new
29:46hiding place but by forty four it was
29:49really really difficult and eventually a
29:52Dutch nurse came forward and said she
29:55knows a safe place as it turned out she
29:59was a double agent she really worked for
30:02the Nazis and then they took my father
30:06and brother to this safe house the Nazis
30:10came in with their own keys and took
30:12them away and we had just moved to a
30:15different place
30:16and it was very near where my father and
30:19brother were going so we visited them on
30:22the Sunday when Zedd moved and on
30:24Tuesday
30:25it was my 15th birthday and there was a
30:29knock on the door and they opened in the
30:32morning it was always safe and the Nazis
30:35stormed him and took us away so that
30:38followed us when we visited my father
30:41brother so they knew very well so being
30:44in two different places had not helped
30:47we all four had taken away talked about
30:51the experience of the boxcar on the
30:54train that you're right house was yeah
30:57if you have seen pictures or your might
31:00have heard about it the transport of
31:04Jewish people was not in ordinary trades
31:07or in processors and in trucks
31:10but in I call it well you call it boxcar
31:16but it was like a Conte de when I see
31:18trains going down so different cities
31:21you know big metal sings the only thing
31:25is that that had a big iron door but
31:28there was of course no window just a
31:29tiny little slit which was maybe zapped
31:33by I cross and about 80 people they are
31:36pushed into it there was um just sports
31:39you know we could not sit anywhere there
31:42was not enough whom anyway for people to
31:45see so most people had to stand metal it
31:49was very very hot it was a very hot May
31:52season at the time so there was two
31:56buckets put in one for 82 people to you
32:00losers - I let one bucket and also one
32:04was for clean water so once a day this
32:10was changed was of course a unbelievable
32:13message stench and once a day when the
32:17doors were open in those buckets were
32:19chained Sisu big chunks of bread in not
32:23enough to feed 80 people so you
32:27imagine just three four days we were
32:30traveling was agony
32:32the only good thing was that we were
32:35together as a family and my father you
32:40have just tell you a little bit about
32:41him he was a wonderful musician he could
32:45play as a piano had an accordion at the
32:48guitar he composed because in hiding he
32:52had to be very very quiet because you
32:55know nobody was allowed to know that
32:57people were living there and so he
33:00started to paint and he created some
33:03beautiful artwork oil paintings and he
33:07told me that was actually the last
33:10conversation at with him said before
33:14they escaped from this room and who
33:15blackmails them he hits a painting under
33:18the floorboards at house with a note on
33:21it this belongs to hansen.eric Ganga and
33:25after the wall is going to pick it up
33:28again and then eventually certain stones
33:37muti as you called her were separated
33:40from your father poppy and Heinz that
33:44must have been very difficult
33:46not just we were separated but if ever
33:50you go later perhaps to visit those
33:53terrible attempts you might realize how
33:56huge his house which was house which is
33:59the name of the whole complex so was a
34:02woman's came called by canal and also
34:05work M called on away also different
34:09parts of the camp it was a huge huge
34:11area of perhaps 10 square miles of death
34:15camps and men and women were in
34:19different parts of the camps of men
34:21women never ever met or saw each other
34:24so the men had to walk away to Auschwitz
34:28and you can imagine to separate from
34:30your father from your husband from my
34:34mother from her son assuming
34:38helps that we never ever see each other
34:40on earth so you can imagine terrible
34:44terrible scenes of clinging to each
34:46other crying and so on my father who was
34:50not really a religious man took me by
34:53the hands looked at me very very sad and
34:57said God will protect you and then they
35:02passed away and we were left there and
35:05then we heard rumors people calling
35:09being as a scared many lame English
35:12coming of course we didn't know who
35:15Mengele was but many lever succumbed
35:18doctor so was a proper medical doctor
35:21but he wasn't there to look after the
35:24health of people he was there to decide
35:28at arrival who was going to die or who
35:32was going to live so we had to stand in
35:36the rows of five this way and he came
35:39looked you over and in a fraction of a
35:44second
35:45he decided that society was at sad
35:48memeing life or death we lost half of
35:53our transport all the children all the
35:57older people old could have been 40 50
36:02it depends how you looked if you had a
36:04bad journey over the sick you were
36:07perhaps bit pale you went to the wrong
36:10side of course we didn't really want
36:15been you know our brain stopped working
36:17we didn't really want to know where
36:20those people were going but we had our
36:23suspicions because rather than hiding so
36:28you were not allowed to listen to
36:29foreign broadcasts only to Dutch and
36:33German but British the BBC's sent
36:37broadcast out to all the occupied
36:40countries in all engine own language
36:43and so you were say you were not allowed
36:46to the people where we were
36:48of course wanted to know what was going
36:50on in the world and so we listened to
36:53their broadcast and it was always at
36:58nine o'clock so that's broadcast and she
37:01told how the war was going but they
37:04always ended up with warning people
37:07there are over 300 death camps in
37:11Germany in Poland and ash which is the
37:14biggest in Poland and it said Kemp
37:18Jewish people were systematically
37:20guessed so when we realized we were in
37:24Auschwitz we didn't really expect our
37:28life would last perhaps not even a day
37:32so i just turned 15 you can imagine how
37:36that must have felt so we lost about
37:41half our transport to the other side and
37:44then we were herded like cattle you know
37:47not walk normally it's quick quick and
37:50dogs were walking next to us and if you
37:53went out of line the dogs jumped on you
37:56and they did not at this beginning but
37:59later I did see dogs tearing people
38:01apart so they really said trained to
38:05kill people so we will take it into a
38:11huge barrack the next thing was
38:13undressed completely naked and the young
38:17SS men we're laughing at our
38:20embarrassment can you imagine all our
38:23clothes were sold on the floor were
38:25collected and there was a place later I
38:30found out seized it was called Canada
38:32meaning plenty and the good life it
38:36wasn't plenty it wasn't a good life but
38:39it was some work which was a little to
38:41better than other things
38:43everything was confiscated you can
38:46imagine millions of people were taken to
38:49the camps and people had suitcases
38:52people had baby carriages people that
38:57sticks people there like glasses
39:00false limbs everything was taken away
39:04and so up that in this place called
39:07Canada and shipped to Germany the
39:10Germans would never have been able to
39:13carry on the war so long without those
39:15looted possessions because he supplied
39:18the bombed cities with it because they
39:22didn't have to make so many clothes or
39:24the furniture when people in the
39:26occupied countries were arrested the
39:29furnitures a whole apartment or the
39:31whole house was emptied out and all this
39:35was shipped to Germany so so in this
39:40barrack we were told you're going to be
39:45tattooed you get the number you are not
39:47a human being you're like a kettle then
39:50all our hair was shaved and ales well
39:54this was going on she told us with much
39:57pleasure and laughing that's a family
40:00you've been separated who went to the
40:04other sides were taken into a shower but
40:08it wasn't a shower was no water ha ha ha
40:11but they've started to expect you know
40:15to get water nothing came within 10 5 15
40:20minutes
40:21she felt faint fell to the floor and
40:24we're dead because who those pipes which
40:28really looked at showers very very
40:33poisonous gas came so and so you can
40:39imagine how her mother felt who had been
40:41separated from her child so then we were
40:45herded out still naked and there were
40:49two heaps one enormous mountain of
40:52clothes and we are sown one garment you
40:55might have seen pictures of house with
40:57such a striped we call the pajamas that
41:01was actually quite a honorable clothes
41:07because it was solid it was quite
41:10the captain must kept clean but we just
41:13got eggs one one Garmin could have been
41:19a winter coat or her dressing gown the
41:23next he / shoes you were shown two shoes
41:27never of course a pair never your size
41:30it never had laces it was a speak very
41:34often you always had to run you lost
41:37your shoe you were not allowed to stop a
41:39second to pick it up then you were
41:42barefoot
41:44we went taken in a barrack three high
41:47banks nothing was in it
41:50no straw nor cushion nope no blanket
41:53nothing the only thing which was in it
41:56was bed bugs and lice so within days we
42:00were itching we were full of animals
42:02which became wounds and misgauged
42:06washing was practically impossible once
42:11a day we were taken to a block at the
42:14end of the camp there were some holes
42:17which were toilets and a couple of taps
42:21which was dripping so you really were
42:24gave up for to try to get there to
42:27attack so you can imagine we're filthy
42:30every morning we were taken out to work
42:33physical very very very hard work
42:36because a little mug of liquid in the
42:39morning in the evening a chunk of weight
42:42that was all we ever got how long can
42:48you survive said weights it's so
42:51unimaginable you were at the doorstep of
42:53death various times at Auschwitz and yet
42:57miracles happen could you share one with
42:59us the beginning just tell you quickly
43:07when we were arrested we were just
43:10arrested in our clothes and that is how
43:13we were transported but my mother got
43:15from a good person in the holding camp
43:18ahead and code and when we were
43:22queueing up surf was his first selection
43:24from Mengele my mother gave me her hat
43:27and coat and was a big hat with a
43:31Pacific Rim and when Mengele looked at
43:35me he didn't realize how young I was
43:38so this is how I survived the first
43:41selection in our transport sabacc girls
43:46from 1718 years even perhaps relatively
43:50small and they were taken out and didn't
43:54survive a book came out about all the
44:00transport from Jewish children from
44:03Holland who were deported and they found
44:05of God my transport there and it said so
44:10where hundred eighty seven children our
44:13transport and only six survived and I
44:17was one of the six On January 27th 1945
44:23the rush Russians liberated Auschwitz
44:25how did you find out that otto frank was
44:28still alive
44:32now it's a winter of 1944 Circassians on
44:37the eastern front if you look it up on a
44:39maps quite interesting there Poland was
44:42and the Russians were defeating the
44:44Germans in Russia and we're starting to
44:47enter Poland and that we didn't know
44:49that we had no idea such a war might end
44:54soon but the Germans of course knew that
44:58and they started and they didn't want
45:00Jewish people to be liberated and be
45:04freed so they started to evacuate
45:06everyday they emptied many many barracks
45:10and match the people into Germany and
45:13Austria and as well many many many Nazis
45:18disappeared as well because they didn't
45:20want to be captured by the Russians and
45:23so one day it was very very very quiet
45:30and we got out from the night and we
45:33realized the Germans had fled so we were
45:37on our own for about ten days till the
45:40Russians came and but the poorest area
45:44Fighting's they were pursuing the Nazis
45:46so they left again and we were left
45:49again on our own so perhaps 500 women
45:52left it's a time in I in Auschwitz where
45:55I was with my mother and so I decided I
45:59would go to the men's camp to try to see
46:02if my father and brother were there so I
46:06got to Auschwitz and I work in about 500
46:09men left the rest was all evacuated and
46:13looked everywhere around and around a
46:17few people who looked familiar and event
46:20to him and as he looked variation and
46:23very sinned and very sad and but I
46:28thought I saw them he looked familiar so
46:31I asked him a thing I know you he said
46:35yes I'm Otto Frank and he looked at me
46:38in tears and and you were ever getting
46:39an honest friend said yes yes so the
46:43first question of course if said have
46:46you seen my girls urban life and you
46:49know they came for so big so when some
46:51well had never seen them but he had seen
46:54my father and brother
46:55so that was generally 45 and I was very
46:59very hopeful that my father and brother
47:02would still be alive
47:04so warm at any perhaps in a matter of a
47:07few weeks and we would be reunited and
47:12life would be get get back to knowable
47:14but the war lasted another five months
47:17wasn't finished till May in Europe of
47:20course in the Far East it was much much
47:23lower in Japan but I mean that didn't
47:27really affect Europe at the time and so
47:31the Russians took us eastward because we
47:33couldn't go back to the west and with
47:36level till June so from January till
47:39June
47:40the Russian went westwards and we went
47:44eastward and very often had to wait for
47:47weeks on an ad on a sideline because the
47:51army had to go of course and eventually
47:54we ended up in Odessa and there we heard
47:57about the end of the war in May said the
48:01Germans they defeated and then of course
48:04of us great happiness but we were very
48:07anxious to get back to Holland or to
48:10Belgium or to France because what's very
48:13very international from all the European
48:16countries of ethnic people from
48:19everywhere they had deported Jewish
48:21people and eventually we came back to
48:25Amsterdam
48:26you were very fortunate when you came
48:29back to Amsterdam because your apartment
48:31was available that didn't happen very
48:33often no you know I told you we had no
48:36furniture so when we get the Amsterdam
48:39affair my father took a furnished
48:41apartment belonging to a non-jewish
48:44person and she let us back in again but
48:48all the other Jewish people as I told
48:51you when people were arrested or they
48:53went into hiding cement furniture was
48:57emptied and also people moved in you
48:59didn't own apartments you've entered it
49:02so Otto Frank when he came back had
49:05nowhere to go
49:06and if you've read today how are you
49:09many people have read the diary of Anna
49:11Frank
49:12put up your head yeah well if you've
49:17read said you have seen how they been
49:19hiding and so it was a bit different
49:23from us who we're not as a whole family
49:26but they were arrested of course as well
49:30a little bit later than we and as well
49:35deported but Otto had nowhere to go and
49:39you went to meet geese who was one of
49:41the helpers and she had of course found
49:45a diary after the family was taken away
49:48she went up to the hiding
49:51place and cleared up and the daddy was
49:54on the floor with many many loose pages
49:58and about not just a little book she
50:00wrote a lot lot more and she picked it
50:03up and kept it in her desk and was going
50:06to give it back to Ana
50:08so when Otto came back she didn't give
50:11it to him but several weeks later Otto
50:16found out he heard from somebody who had
50:19been in the same camp where the two
50:22girls were taken said both girls had
50:25died in April and only then did me give
50:30order the diary when did you find out
50:34that Pepe and Han Pepe and my father and
50:39said iris had perished I still had great
50:42hope people came back from Germany from
50:45Poland every day we went to the station
50:48we put up words in the paper and then we
50:51got a letter from the Red Cross saying
50:55to my mother we have to tell you that
50:58your husband Eric Ganga and your son
51:01Heinz Ganga perished in Mauthausen this
51:05terrible Austrian desiccant
51:08several days before the American army
51:12came to liberate that camera well that
51:17was my last straw you know I had
51:20survived because I hoped life would get
51:23how it used to be but when I realized
51:26will never ever happen I became very
51:29very depressed and the worst thing
51:31really was said that didn't believe it I
51:34couldn't accept him I thought my father
51:37who was such a strong he was just
51:39forty-five years old
51:41such a strong sporty man you know I have
51:46survived he must have survived and for
51:49years when we heard a car coming or
51:52somebody walking up the steps outside I
51:54rushed to the door and I thought he's
51:57going to come back but of course he did
52:00and you know can you imagine how did the
52:03Germans or that there or that had cost
52:06how did she know the name of my father
52:08and my brother the master found just
52:11bodies that is still to this day I just
52:15don't understand how the news ends otto
52:18was very lonely and he started coming
52:20over to your apartment and visiting you
52:22and your mother and what happened and
52:25you know I was very very full of hatred
52:28and he was really a great help to me he
52:32who had lost his whole family
52:34it was 57 years old he'd married later
52:36distilled and then he was you know
52:40relatively old a man and he had the
52:43really nothing to live for and I thought
52:46he must be full of hatred and he said no
52:49I don't and the funny thing was and
52:52later when he told it to my children I
52:55resolved they were surprised he always
52:57said you know I left Germany and
53:01laughter German people I'm a German
53:04myself he was an officer in the First
53:06World War he fought for Germany and he
53:10said a laughs a language they love Zelda
53:13touch as a music my family has lived in
53:17or in Germany since 1500 and he really
53:21felt the German but I said look what
53:23they've done they murdered your whole
53:25family he said yes
53:27look so history you will see every
53:30nation has committed terrible crimes and
53:33this time it was a Germans but I
53:36couldn't believe you know I couldn't
53:38believe it as still was very very
53:40miserable I hated everybody I went back
53:44to school but there couldn't relate to
53:46my classmates I felt there was already
53:49an adult when they made the joke on a
53:52teacher you know they thought it was
53:54hilarious but I felt very sad for the
53:56teacher who couldn't keep the class in
54:01in order you know so we had teachers
54:04like that children were very naughty
54:07and especially as a chemist teachers it
54:11put home sings in their things and it
54:14blew up at 6:00 like that I don't think
54:16you'll do that anyway when a finished
54:22school I didn't know what to do with my
54:25life and Otto and my mother decided I
54:28should become a photographer because I
54:31was quite artistic and I was not really
54:34I was Restless I didn't want to go to
54:38university or something like that and so
54:41Otto found me a place in London for me
54:45to become an apprentice there so went
54:48from one year to London and I'm lifting
54:52a little boarding house where lots as
54:55well and there was a young man you'd
54:57come from Israel to study economics and
55:01we became friends and we went for long
55:03walks and after six months he said to me
55:06Eva I've fallen in love when I finished
55:12my studies here I'd like to get married
55:15and we can go and start their life in
55:18Israel together and I said no thank you
55:21and he was he was quite shocked don't
55:25you like me I said yes I like you but I
55:27have a video'd mother in Amsterdam and
55:30I'm going to go back you can imagine I
55:33was very very close to my mother and
55:35they couldn't imagine ever just desert
55:38and then otto frank came over one day
55:41who kept a bit an eye on me and
55:45introduced him to this young man and I
55:48said he asked me to marry him but of
55:51course I refused because I'm going back
55:54to Amsterdam and then Otto became a bit
55:57embarrassed and he said well you know
55:59your mother and me have fallen in love
56:01as well and once you get set what we
56:04like to get married so when back to this
56:07young man and cetera you can marry me
56:09now
56:10which he was very happy and we went back
56:14to Amsterdam because we didn't know
56:16anybody in England and we got married
56:19there and when my mother met him she
56:23asked him not to take me so far to
56:25Israel because at that time you didn't
56:28fly you know in the early 50s you had to
56:31travel by boat which took a week which
56:33was quite expensive and my mother said
56:36you know that's the only child the only
56:39person I've got left so please stay in
56:42Europe so we decided we would stay in
56:45England and so still lives there and we
56:49were married for 62 years so we didn't
56:52really know each other you know we took
56:54was a big gamble on each other but it
56:56was obviously a good choice I just want
56:59you to share the story about when you ve
57:03wanted to marry you and you had a
57:05boyfriend back home right and you you
57:08asked your mother for advice and what
57:10did she say yeah
57:12and before I left to England for a year
57:15I was going out with a nice Jewish boy
57:18and we planned to get engaged when I
57:22come back and get married and again you
57:24know I didn't know what love was you
57:28know I really was still full of some
57:30terrible memories and hatred and I you
57:34can't imagine if you go through such
57:37terrible terrible things when you see
57:40humanity it's worse you can't just go
57:45back to ordinary life and especially you
57:48know if you have lost your family in
57:50Holland my mother and me was the only
57:52family we had and you know it takes a
57:58long long time to get over together
58:00normal but I really wanted to settle
58:03down I wanted to have a family of my own
58:06and I was ready to marry
58:10a nice person but love was ready not at
58:13that time there was no really love in
58:16that and so I met had met those two boys
58:20and I liked them both so I asked my
58:22mother who should I marry and my mother
58:25said well visa is a boy from Israel so
58:29he wasn't Israeli was a German refugee
58:32he's more serious he's quite clever is
58:36an intellectual and you know my
58:38education was interrupted a lot when I
58:42moved from those different countries in
58:44different language
58:45I had to once you had to redo a class or
58:51I was in school with younger children
58:53and then when I was two years in hiding
58:56and Guanyin out sweets so my education
58:59was really missing a lot of things and
59:03my mother said three days and boy will
59:07teach you a lot will uplift you and the
59:10other boys very funny is light-hearted
59:13but you won't have had depths in your
59:16life so she advised me to marry three
59:19which I did and as I say we were married
59:2262 years and it was really a very very
59:25happy marriage so you should listen to
59:28what your mother tells you to well you
59:32don't always know what you get you know
59:33you don't know people till you live with
59:36them
59:36even you were chosen to be one of the
59:40select few Holocaust survivors from all
59:43over the world to be part of Steven
59:44Spielberg's hologram project we just saw
59:48116 cameras and I want you to talk about
59:52the oh and first of all I want to
59:54mention that that that short documentary
59:57was chosen to be one of ten that were up
1:00:00for the short documentary of the Year
1:00:02award last year to receive an Oscar and
1:00:05then it made that it made the cut and
1:00:07you were the final it nearly got a nose
1:00:10for never like not sight and I still
1:00:13think it should have but anyway could
1:00:15you tell us about that interview process
1:00:17that you had to go through well you have
1:00:20seen this huge globe
1:00:23with a hundred and sixty cameras
1:00:25attached and it took a whole week for me
1:00:28to sit every day in there and in the
1:00:31same position because it's used now in
1:00:36in schools in museums and so children
1:00:40might ask one day and then the mad come
1:00:43in the afternoon and so you know it must
1:00:47not be a different person there must be
1:00:49always in the same in the same position
1:00:53and I was asked over a thousand
1:00:56questions which you know children can
1:01:00ask but just last week and this hologram
1:01:04used to be in New York for a year and
1:01:06now it's in Chicago permanently in the
1:01:09Jewish Museum and the people from there
1:01:12came to interview me now when I was on
1:01:15the road and there was some six hours
1:01:18interview and they wanted again to hear
1:01:20my whole life story because they
1:01:23realized that if kids come in ten years
1:01:26twenty years they might not know
1:01:28anything about my story so what should
1:01:31say ask so they have to before they come
1:01:35to see this image of me but it looks
1:01:38really as if I'm a life and a move and a
1:01:41talk and so on they must really know my
1:01:44story so before they go in to see this
1:01:48circle to get a small film in and hear
1:01:53about who I was and then they can go and
1:01:56hear and try out to ask questions as I
1:02:01read so it's a long process yes and you
1:02:05had requested a certain color outfit
1:02:08that you were going to wear but they
1:02:10made you wear grey what color did you
1:02:12want I wanted blue because that was my
1:02:14favorite color and on the picture
1:02:18actually it looked slightly bluish but
1:02:21it was really completely grey and I had
1:02:24to wear this a whole week and I wasn't
1:02:27too happy about it you know in our
1:02:31speech I wasn't vain but now you know
1:02:33when you go or normal life
1:02:35you would like to look nice and where
1:02:38are the colors you like and K I thought
1:02:40was a bit dreary color but anyway said
1:02:43it's what it is so this is my future
1:02:45image will always be engaged now now are
1:02:49there blue as you can see partly but
1:02:52this is gray actually recently you were
1:02:56in the news made the headlines because
1:02:58some high school students in Newport
1:03:00Beach California had a beer party and
1:03:02they arranged the the beer cups into a
1:03:06crude swastika and then someone took a
1:03:08photo of them giving the Nazi salute it
1:03:10went viral and social media and you were
1:03:14asked to speak to these students could
1:03:15you just comment on that did you hear
1:03:18about this incident no because it was
1:03:24all over the news it was a cry terrible
1:03:28ation said so 16 year old kids they had
1:03:33a party and say did Hitler salute that
1:03:38swastika and somebody put it on social
1:03:42media and it made World News even London
1:03:46my families and new such effort that
1:03:50article it was on television about this
1:03:53outrage and so they asked me I was not
1:03:57going to speak to that school had given
1:03:59a talk before the University but they
1:04:02asked me if I would try to speak to
1:04:06those children and find out their motive
1:04:09isaac should have done anything like
1:04:11that and it was going to be a beating
1:04:13with children and the parents and so i
1:04:19said yes i would like to do that because
1:04:21i really wanted to find out why they
1:04:24were doing anything like that and so we
1:04:27met up in the school so they expelled
1:04:30pass away for ten days and later i heard
1:04:33that those ten days they had to go to LA
1:04:36visits a jewish museum they had to do
1:04:40essays about different subject about the
1:04:44holocaust they had classes so those ten
1:04:47days
1:04:47we're spent only on Holocaust education
1:04:50and so by the time I started to ask some
1:04:56very on earth did you do anything like I
1:04:58said so they're very very embarrassed
1:05:01and didn't really want to give me an
1:05:03answer but eventually they said we
1:05:07didn't really know what it meant and
1:05:09that was for the principal of the school
1:05:13he was actually just as embarrassed as a
1:05:16children he and I said well don't was a
1:05:19sixteen-year-old don't you teach
1:05:21anything about the Holocaust in your
1:05:23school and he said well we 16 we did his
1:05:28two terms now with it American history
1:05:33and the next term we were going to go
1:05:36and do Holocaust education but I said
1:05:39well be 16 that is much too late and as
1:05:43a parents where as well accuse the
1:05:45parents as well it is not only for the
1:05:48school to educate the children about
1:05:51what is happening in the world but for
1:05:54the parents as well you know this is
1:05:57such that important and long ago 70
1:06:00years ago but but now really you all
1:06:03really have to know about zero cities
1:06:06with the happening in the world and you
1:06:09know there's a lot and lot of books a
1:06:12lot of movies a lot of information even
1:06:16your internet that you can find out and
1:06:20you know they're still killings going on
1:06:23now genocides happening and we have to
1:06:28learn from the past and so every child
1:06:31you know I think with 10 11 years old
1:06:35you can start to be informed a little
1:06:38bit you don't have to read some terrible
1:06:41there's some terrible terrible book
1:06:43scary graphic but and there's films
1:06:46which are graphic but a little bit you
1:06:50have to learn about it and it's it's an
1:06:53amazing things that the cults of people
1:06:56like the Germans where they're able to
1:06:58do anything like
1:07:00so you know you have to learn how can
1:07:03people do things like that you're it's
1:07:05you know it's a very very important
1:07:08study to educate yourself and to try to
1:07:13work together and this is really the
1:07:16purpose of my talk to educate you about
1:07:20what has happened but as well to realize
1:07:23that you have to take part in what is
1:07:26happening in the world you will be the
1:07:28future you soon will able to vote and
1:07:31you have you'll be a democracy we have a
1:07:34right to tell our government what we
1:07:36want and we should really live in a more
1:07:40harmonious well prejudiced against
1:07:44different religion is not acceptable
1:07:46anymore
1:07:47prejudice against different races is not
1:07:50acceptable we are all human being we
1:07:53have sasebo rights to the same education
1:07:56to the same jobs and then we will have a
1:08:00peaceful world and we give everybody a
1:08:03chance to bring up a family and live a
1:08:07decent life we are blessed with a
1:08:10wonderful globe is a wonderful earth who
1:08:13can provide enough food enough housing
1:08:15enough money for everybody and this is
1:08:19what is the purpose of my talk is to
1:08:23educate you to become good decent human
1:08:27beings and speak up when you see
1:08:30injustice being done
1:08:45despite growing up in a less than
1:08:47wonderful world you have had quite a
1:08:50life you had two prosperous businesses
1:08:53you envy raised three daughters you have
1:08:56your grandchildren you're going to turn
1:08:5990 sorry May 11th and you speak all over
1:09:03the world and we are so grateful to you
1:09:06for coming thank you so much
1:09:22that was wonderful
1:09:30we're set for you you had a wonderful
1:09:35audience very attentive thank you and we
1:09:40look forward to hear some of your
1:09:42questions yes okay okay
1:09:48did you ever find your brother's
1:09:50painting under the floor that's a great
1:09:56question
1:09:57he wants to know if Eva ever found her
1:09:59brother's paintings under the
1:10:00floorboards well I must admit through
1:10:04all the things Rose has happened to be
1:10:06when I came back and you know I heard
1:10:08such they wouldn't come back I had
1:10:10forgotten about that
1:10:12but after Auto God said diary and it
1:10:15meant so much for him I said to my
1:10:17mother we have to go and try to get
1:10:20those paintings but you know in that
1:10:22house where they were hidden that was a
1:10:25woman who blackmailed them and Suzette's
1:10:28all this had happened to us so we were
1:10:30very afraid really to go there to
1:10:33confront this woman but when we got
1:10:36there she had disappeared and other
1:10:39people were living in it so I knew
1:10:41exactly where my hand said the sky
1:10:44present paintings where and indeed have
1:10:47found over 30 amazing oil paintings and
1:10:51a few years ago I donated them to the
1:10:55resistance Museum in Amsterdam so that
1:10:58many many people can see it Thank You
1:11:03warrior
1:11:05what were your brother and father's main
1:11:07like personality traits okay what were
1:11:12what was her father's and brothers main
1:11:15personality traits like what were they
1:11:17like he wants to know what your brother
1:11:20and father were like what were their
1:11:22personality traits well my brother was I
1:11:28was more at tomboy he was a gentle much
1:11:32more gentler than I was as I say he was
1:11:36very very talented he was a
1:11:39really composed but in hiding as well he
1:11:42told himself six languages you know he
1:11:45had plenty of time he played chess with
1:11:47himself not on a computer but just when
1:11:50he played both sides and he painted he
1:11:54was a very very gentle wonderful young
1:11:57man and he was murdered when he was just
1:12:0017 years old this is something I will
1:12:04never forgive synapses for doing that my
1:12:07father - he was 45 years old it was full
1:12:10of life he left behind many many writing
1:12:16books about what he was going to do in
1:12:18future when he gets mad after the war
1:12:21because he had the shoe factory but he
1:12:24was going to do quite different things
1:12:27unfortunately it's lots and lots of
1:12:30writing but I have not been able to
1:12:32decipher his writing yeah so I don't
1:12:37really know what he's reading but I'm
1:12:40still looking for somebody who will be
1:12:42able to to read this it's a very nice
1:12:46handwriting but it's a you know in
1:12:48German you had not the ordinary Roman
1:12:51alphabet you had a different writing as
1:12:53well and he wrote it in this writing
1:12:56which I did learn for a bit but I've
1:12:59forgotten it okay what kind of games did
1:13:10you play when you were in hiding now she
1:13:12wasn't in hiding with her brother and
1:13:13father yeah and she spent many hours
1:13:16with your life and a good question you
1:13:18know we we didn't play games but we were
1:13:24sitting with my mother in people who
1:13:26have were staying went out at work and
1:13:28their apartments in Holland that quite
1:13:30lightly built so we were not allowed to
1:13:33walk around or go to the toilet and pull
1:13:35a plug or anything because then
1:13:37neighbors might sing the burglar said
1:13:40they might call the police so we had to
1:13:42sit like this
1:13:44day in day out I was not a reader at
1:13:47said time so I'm a muscle tried to teach
1:13:51me some lessons so that when I could go
1:13:53back to school that there wouldn't be so
1:13:55bad but it said time of us a bad pupil
1:13:58so my mother lost her temper with me and
1:14:02I started to cry so it didn't work and
1:14:05you know I started to knit a little bit
1:14:09that draw a little bit but day in day
1:14:12out two years to sit like that you know
1:14:15so it was terrible I miss my friends I
1:14:18miss my family I miss playing outside so
1:14:22it was a really really really hard time
1:14:24and then we may have cause afraid every
1:14:27night they might find us so it was a
1:14:30really hard time but nothing compared to
1:14:33what happened afterwards thank you next
1:14:38another one
1:14:44hi you said that your brother was
1:14:47creative and I was wondering if you were
1:14:50creative as well or if you were and if
1:14:54you were artistic what did you do like
1:14:58what okay she you said that that Heinz
1:15:03was very creative and artistic and she's
1:15:05wondering if you were also I was very
1:15:09handy I did fretwork afterwards you know
1:15:13it's a saw from sin would you cut it out
1:15:17and I painted as well a little bit but
1:15:20not as good as my browser no I was more
1:15:23used to be quite technical but now I was
1:15:27good in math and in the science but now
1:15:30if it's a computer I'm very very bad and
1:15:34my mother always used to say where she
1:15:35was still alive I don't know you used to
1:15:37understand all those things now you
1:15:39don't seem to get it anymore but I am
1:15:42now a big reader which I never used to
1:15:45be so you know you change when you get
1:15:48older your change you get different
1:15:49talents but I want you to know she's
1:15:52very good at emailing so give yourself
1:15:54credit so you said that you've had to do
1:16:03a lot of hard labor in the camp that was
1:16:05like the main job what were the kinds of
1:16:07hard labor that the Nazis made you do
1:16:10okay he's wondering about the labor that
1:16:13you had to do in the camp in Auschwitz
1:16:15well we had to you know there were
1:16:1810,000 of people and very often there
1:16:21wasn't even enough real work to do for
1:16:24us so there was one one couple of months
1:16:28I had to do just carry big big heavy
1:16:32rocks to one place in the camp both of
1:16:36us had to carry sort of and then other
1:16:38groups had to take it again from there
1:16:40take it somewhere just to keep us
1:16:42occupied but as well we had dig dig
1:16:45trenches and what I did later and you
1:16:50might say it was not so bad it was
1:16:52called vapor I which is called weaving
1:16:55but it wasn't weaving we were sitting
1:16:57on the open ground which was frozen you
1:17:01know not in a room but it's in a barrack
1:17:04freezing freezing cold there was in the
1:17:07middle a big table and they put material
1:17:11half material since silk rubber things
1:17:15even and we had to make plaits an inch
1:17:19wide and we had to make every day 200
1:17:23yards and we had to tear this material
1:17:26no scissors of course or knives there to
1:17:29tear it in strips and make plaits of it
1:17:32and if you didn't make say 200 yards in
1:17:36the evenings are measured it and if it
1:17:39was not strong enough if it broke if it
1:17:42happened a few times you were killed and
1:17:45our hands were frozen so to do it and
1:17:48you know to tear this material apart was
1:17:51as well very very difficult so many
1:17:54people never Mabel to make so much and
1:17:58they were taken out and were killed I
1:18:00was in the beginning quite quick so
1:18:03sometimes that helped somebody else when
1:18:05I'd done my measurement but at the end
1:18:08you know your hands get so stiff and so
1:18:11cold you can't do anything so it was a
1:18:15life-threatening job and they said it
1:18:18was later cut into 90 centimetres and it
1:18:22was to use for throwing hand grenades
1:18:25that's what she told but a branch wave
1:18:28said to but it must have had some
1:18:30purpose for the war thank you so
1:18:38unfortunately
1:18:55thank you I just want to tell you you
1:18:57have been a fantastic audience I mean I
1:19:00am so proud of all of you I really am
1:19:05[Applause]

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