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HITLER and STALIN: United in Terror — Transcript

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0:07Summer,
0:081945.
0:11During the Europe Day Victory celebration on Red Square in Moscow.
0:17In front of the Kremlin Palace and the Soviet leaders.
0:21The famous Russian army celebrated their victory over Nazi Germany.
0:27Just as it's done in the Roman Empire,
0:29soldiers threw flags of the vanquished at the feet of the winner.
0:33The man who beat Adolf Hitler,
0:35Generalissimo Joseph Stalin.
0:42After 20 years of power,
0:43the master of the USSR is at the height of his glory.
0:50A poet wrote this.
0:52Stalin,
0:53you are higher than the high celestial spaces and only your thoughts are greater than you.
1:02Your spirit,
1:03Stalin,
1:04is brighter than the sun.
1:09We call him the small father of the people.
1:13All over the world,
1:14he stands for hope of a fairer society.
1:20He is the idol of hundreds of millions of people.
1:25In France,
1:26we also sing his praises.
1:31With our whole hearts,
1:32we proclaim our ardent love for Stalin and we assure him of our unwavering confidence.
1:44Meanwhile,
1:45this man is one of the greatest criminals in history.
1:51He slaughtered his own people with unlimited brutality.
2:00We will annihilate without mercy anyone who threatens with facts or even through thought,
2:04the unity of the state.
2:09He put in place the Gulag and enslaved 18 million people.
2:18You have to cut off destructive party members to preserve it of disease and infection.
2:28He cynically caused famines which made 7 million deaths.
2:35Death solves all issues.
2:37No people,
2:38no problems.
2:42He sacrificed his family to his own power.
2:49A true Bolshevik shouldn't have a family.
2:56We are going to tell you about the incredible story of this son of a small craftsman,
3:00who became one of the most powerful personalities on the planet.
3:07We are going to tell you how this man,
3:08who said he brings joy to his people became,
3:11by dint of megalomania and fanaticism,
3:13one of the most deadliest dictators that mankind has known.
4:15with a light heart,
4:16for I recognize the immensity of the work accomplished by our soldiers,
4:20our women,
4:21our workers,
4:22and our youth.
4:24This contribution is unique in history.
5:06Contrary to what the Jews believe,
5:09this war will not end with the annihilation of the people.
5:13It will end with the extermination of the Jews.
5:26For me,
5:27war is not a game.
5:29I have no orders to take from my generals.
5:33It is with unwavering determination that I will decide the moment of attack.
5:39This is my mission.
6:11The year 1924 is when it all started.
6:18We are in the vicinity of Moscow,
6:20in the middle of the Russian winter.
6:25Lenin,
6:25the father of the Bolshevik revolution just died.
6:32It's one of the first movies where Stalin has the starring role.
6:38He is carrying the chef's coffin alongside Soviet officials.
6:46Stalin is 46 years old.
6:49He is secretary-general of the Communist Party,
6:51a relatively erased post.
6:58Among his comrades,
6:59nobody can imagine that he will be the one to succeed the great Lenin.
7:06They don't know that 10 years from now,
7:08he will have almost all of them arrested and executed.
7:16Among them,
7:17nobody knows yet who really is Joseph Stalin.
7:28To his comrades,
7:29he is an insignificant character.
7:35One of them said,
7:37Stalin is the most outstanding mediocrity of our party.
7:42Another confirmed,
7:44We are not afraid of Stalin.
7:47As soon as he will want to get on his high horse,
7:49we will eliminate him.
7:54For long now,
7:55Stalin has been hiding his real intentions.
8:02His real name is Isif Jugashvili.
8:06He was born in 1878,
8:08in the time of the Tsars.
8:11A monarchical regime based on inequality and submission to the monarchs.
8:19With a childhood spent in poverty.
8:22An alcoholic and abusive father.
8:27He grew up with orthodox monks.
8:30Very early,
8:31he joined the fight against the Tsar,
8:33and took the name Stalin,
8:34the Man of Steel.
8:42In 1917,
8:44he participated in the Great Bolshevik Revolution with Lenin which overthrew the Tsar,
8:48abolished privileges,
8:54and gave power to the people.
9:01In the shadow of Lenin,
9:02he was just waiting for an opportunity to take power.
9:08The death of Lenin was that opportunity.
9:11In 1924,
9:12he succeeded,
9:13through maneuvers within the party,
9:15to rule out the greatest character of the moment,
9:17Trotsky.
9:20Before exiling him to Kazakhstan,
9:28nobody saw it coming.
9:31But just a few weeks later,
9:33Stalin took over power.
9:36He won't leave it anymore.
9:40He chose to settle here,
9:41in the Kremlin Citadel,
9:42the former palace of the Tsars.
9:47It's from there that he will lead the USSR,
9:50the Union of Republic Soviet Socialists.
9:55The largest country of the planet.
10:00With a few people who will follow him blindly for about 30 years.
10:05He wanted to go further,
10:07much further than Lenin.
10:11He wanted to rewrite history and his determination was absolute.
10:19We Bolsheviks,
10:20we are a special breed.
10:25The others have no value,
10:27they are not worth a dime.
10:29Do not doubt it,
10:30comrades.
10:32To the working class,
10:33I am ready to devote.
10:34all my strength and every drop of my blood.
10:49Stalin wanted a clean slate of the past.
10:58He abruptly wiped out the traces of old Russia that the revolution had spared.
11:06He passed away.
11:07to decree saying religion is against the interests of the people.
11:16Across the country,
11:17he removed the old orthodox icons,
11:19before destroying them.
11:30In place of the old order,
11:31he had a radical project which was
11:38To build communism.
11:44An ideal,
11:45a happy and healthy society.
11:51Without any rich nor poor.
11:56A world where everything is shared,
11:58where everyone has equal chances at birth,
12:00where health and education are accessible to all.
12:08For the Soviet Union,
12:10he has unlimited ambition.
12:15Old Russia has always been defeated because of its delay.
12:21Slowing down the pace means to lag behind.
12:26And the stragglers will be defeated.
12:28We,
12:28in the Soviet Union,
12:30we don't want to be defeated anymore.
12:38He launched gigantic construction sites,
12:41skyscrapers,
12:42subways,
12:43railways,
12:44dams,
12:48power plants.
12:54He wanted to modernize Russia in full swing for her to become a paradise for workers.
13:02A world where unemployment does not exist.
13:08and where each worker can offer a decent life to his family.
13:26Since
13:26the end of World War I,
13:28the German people have been suffering the consequences of defeat.
13:32The economy is in ruins,
13:34with over a third of the working population unemployed.
13:41One of these unemployed workers remembers.
13:48Thousands of factories had closed.
13:51Many honest Germans were reduced to stealing just to feed themselves.
14:00We all dreamed of a better world.
14:06Like so many others,
14:07I had lost everything.
14:10That's why I joined the National Socialist Party.
14:30September
14:311934.
14:33The National Socialist Party has been in power since its election victory 20 months ago.
14:41At the Nuremberg rally,
14:43tens of thousands of Germans come to cheer their new leaders,
14:46including Chancellor and Führer Adolf Hitler.
14:53The German people are living in terrible poverty.
14:57We must defeat unemployment.
14:59Give us four years before you judge us,
15:02and may Almighty God bless our efforts.
15:09A school teacher,
15:10Louise Selmy,
15:11attends the gathering.
15:18A shiver runs through the ecstatic crowd.
15:22The Fuhrer arrives.
15:24Emotions are at their peak.
15:26It's an endless ovation.
15:29Many of us see him as a savior.
15:32The one who will lift us out of our unbearable misery.
15:38Adolf Hitler,
15:39it is our duty to forever tear away the dark pages of our history.
15:50From misery,
15:51distress,
15:51and destitution,
15:52a new German Reich will be reborn.
16:06Hitler's rise to power sparks a wave of optimism.
16:12Testimony from a female doctor,
16:14her tater.
16:23Hitler is chancellor.
16:24It's all anyone talks about.
16:28There's a general sense of relief,
16:30though concern shows on some faces.
16:35But everyone agrees that things are going to change now.
16:43Gradually,
16:44living conditions for the German people improve.
16:48Unemployment is virtually eliminated.
16:50Workers can even go on vacation abroad thanks to subsidies from the German government.
16:58One of them,
16:59Hermann Schutz,
17:00leaves for Italy.
17:01Who would have thought that one day a German worker could afford a vacation on the Italian Riviera?
17:09When we return to Germany,
17:11we'll show our gratitude to the Fuhrer by working twice as hard to help him achieve his goals.
17:26In Germany,
17:27the Nazis are crushing all political opposition.
17:33The police and courts are placed under the Fuhrer's authority.
17:41Power is entirely in Hitler's hands.
17:45You can't all see me,
17:47and I can't see all of you.
17:53But you feel me close to you,
17:55and I feel you close to me.
17:59We are together,
18:01and we form
18:02Germany.
18:08In September 1935,
18:11Hitler proclaims new decrees that make German Jews second-class citizens.
18:19Children are given racial education lessons.
18:25The Jew can be recognized especially by his nose.
18:30In profile,
18:31it looks like the number six.
18:34You can see from his eyes that he's a deceitful being.
18:38Jews are often evil.
18:42If you have a keen sense of smell,
18:43you can smell the Jew.
18:52Freedom of speech is ruthlessly repressed.
18:57Tens of thousands of people are thrown in prison,
19:00like journalist Stephan Laurent,
19:01who dared to criticize the furor in his newspaper.
19:09I'm writing from cell number 24.
19:13Outside,
19:14a new Germany is being born.
19:18Millions are rejoicing.
19:22Hitler promises everyone exactly what they want,
19:29but when they come to their senses,
19:31they'll realize they've been taken for a ride and fooled.
19:42A world where Stalin occupies the first position.
19:47We,
19:47the pioneers of the great country,
19:49party soldiers,
19:50always ready.
19:51We thank you Stalin for happiness that you are providing to our country.
20:03Stalin is the leader of the communists.
20:06His portrait is everywhere.
20:09In factories.
20:11on trains,
20:13in every classroom,
20:17and even in the dining rooms.
20:22He must be perfect because he reflects the success of communism.
20:30He personally corrected his official biography,
20:32with millions of copies sold.
20:37On the copies,
20:38he added a handwritten note.
20:42Add the sentence,
20:43Stalin is the greatest captain of all times and people.
20:55Actually,
20:56the real Stalin is more common.
21:00He is only 5 feet 3 inches feet.
21:03He is putting on his wedge-heel shoes.
21:06He often stands on a small wooden plate that makes him look taller.
21:13Look at this exceptional image.
21:15It's his real face.
21:17His skin is pocky because he had smallpox at the age of 7.
21:23But strange enough,
21:24in public,
21:25he had pristine skin.
21:31The new master of the Kremlin is a mystery to his people.
21:36He spends his time locked up in his office and he hides jealously his private life.
21:46Here are the only photos left of his wife,
21:48Nadezhda.
21:51She was a former wrestling comrade,
21:5222 years his junior.
21:57He had two children with Nadezhda,
21:59Vasily and Svetlana.
22:05He devoted little time to them,
22:07but on his little girl,
22:08he demonstrated a real fascination.
22:15I miss you,
22:16Dad.
22:17I don't care if the whole world hates me.
22:23If Dad asks me to go to the moon,
22:26I will.
22:31A few photos show us Stalin in his moments of relaxation.
22:35During summer vacation,
22:36when he takes his deputies on the Black Sea in party villas.
22:47Ekaterina Voroshilov,
22:48the wife of one of his lieutenants,
22:50remembers that
22:54Stalin loved nature expeditions.
22:58He would drive us there and we would sit next to a river.
23:04We would light a fire,
23:06grill meat while joking and singing.
23:12It really was the good times.
23:21The problem is,
23:22for Stalin,
23:22from the early years,
23:24the bad news are piling up.
23:29His politics were disappointing.
23:35By multiplying major industrial projects,
23:37Stalin sacrificed his daily life.
23:42The Russian population was growing.
23:45Yet no housing facilities were made available.
23:52Families had to move in together in requisitioned apartments and occupied all the small spaces.
24:06The standard of living was deteriorating.
24:11As proof,
24:12these clandestinely shot footage on the streets of Moscow are one of the rare proofs of poverty in the early
24:201930s.
24:26It's this rich English woman,
24:27Lady Mountbatten,
24:28who during a trip,
24:29recorded with her personal camera.
24:35Everywhere I see signs of malnutrition.
24:39I was told that this man,
24:41who rummags in the trash cans,
24:43was a former aristocrat.
24:46And that this one was a famous teacher,
24:48during the time of the Tsars.
24:52Here is a little boy who was all alone and who asked me for help.
25:01Store windows are almost empty.
25:06Above all,
25:07the queues are endless.
25:12In the queue,
25:13some are left waiting all day,
25:15unable to buy anything.
25:21In the USSR,
25:22the communist dream is already falling down.
25:33August 1,
25:331936.
25:37Adolf Hitler arrives to open the
25:3911th Olympic Games in Berlin.
25:54Hitler is determined these games will be a showpiece for his new Germany.
26:02Jewish professor
26:03Viktor Klemperer.
26:06I find the Olympics so odious.
26:09The slogans on the streets have been banned.
26:13Jew-baiting,
26:14warlike sentiments,
26:15everything offensive has disappeared from the papers.
26:19The attention of our guests is repeatedly drawn to how peacefully and pleasantly things are proceeding here.
26:30By the end of the games,
26:31the Germans top the medal table.
26:34It is a personal triumph for Hitler.
26:38In 1940,
26:40the Olympic Games will take place in Tokyo,
26:44but thereafter,
26:45they will take place in Germany for all time to come.
26:56Three weeks after the Olympic Games,
26:59Hitler welcomes David Lloyd George,
27:02Britain's former Prime Minister,
27:04to the Berghof.
27:05his mountain home in Berchtesgaden,
27:08Bavaria.
27:12At Hitler's side is his interpreter,
27:15Paul Schmidt.
27:18Hitler was delighted with this visit from the world-famous statesman.
27:24We sat at a table near the window.
27:27He began to speak with excitement of his experiences as a humble soldier during the Great War.
27:35I often faced the English,
27:37he said.
27:41Lloyd George is so impressed by Hitler,
27:44he publishes his thoughts in the Daily Express.
27:48The idea of a Germany intimidating Europe forms no part of Hitler's new vision.
27:55The Germans have definitely made up their minds never to quarrel with us again.
28:05As Lloyd George leaves,
28:07Hitler presents a secret memo to his ministers.
28:12The world is moving towards a new conflict.
28:16Making the German army into the first in the world is vital.
28:21If this does not happen,
28:22then Germany will be lost.
28:25We must be ready for war in four years'
28:30time.
28:42July the 18th,
28:431937.
28:46Adolf Hitler's personal pilot,
28:49SS-Uberfuhrer Hans Bauer,
28:51accompanies him to a pageant to celebrate 2,000 years of German culture.
28:59Bauer is permitted to film his Fuhrer with his own camera.
29:1214 year old,
29:13Ingeborg
29:14Weber.
29:16The four years the Fuhrer asked for to fulfill his promises are up.
29:22But great things he has achieved.
29:26The communists have disappeared from Germany.
29:30There is no unemployment.
29:34The Fuhrer has given us back our self-respect.
29:46For the past six years,
29:48Adolf Hitler has kept a secret from the German people.
29:53Hidden away from all but his closest companions is his mistress,
29:58Eva Braun.
30:03The weather is so wonderful,
30:06and I,
30:07the mistress of the greatest man in the world,
30:09am sitting here and gazing at the sun.
30:16With a camera given to her by Hitler,
30:19Eva Braun films his private life.
30:24I'm so terribly happy that he loves me so much,
30:28and I pray that it will always be like this.
30:31He has had a head full of politics all this time,
30:35but surely it is time he relaxed a little.
30:39Only members of Hitler's inner circle are allowed to meet Eva.
30:45One of them is Hitler's close friend,
30:47architect
30:48Albert Speer.
30:51Never have I met a person who so seldom reveals his feelings.
30:56Even towards Eva he is never completely relaxed and human.
31:02Hitler and Eva avoid anything that might suggest an intimate relationship.
31:08Only to go upstairs to the bedrooms together late at night.
31:12Out of sympathy,
31:14I began to feel a liking for this woman,
31:17who was so deeply attached to Hitler.
31:2425-year-old Eva is from a traditional Catholic family.
31:30When Hitler provides Eva with a flat of her own,
31:33her father writes a letter.
31:37Your Excellency,
31:38I find myself in the extremely unpleasant position of having to express to you my distress.
31:46I believe the parent supervision of the children until they get married is a sacred principle.
31:54This is my code of honor.
31:56Please advise her to return to her family.
32:01Yours,
32:02very respectfully,
32:04Fritz Braun.
32:08Ava intercepts the letter.
32:11It will never reach the Fuhrer.
32:18Ava always appears happy,
32:21the center of attention.
32:24But the only surviving fragments of her diary reveal a different story.
32:31When he says he loves me,
32:33it only means he loves me at that particular moment.
32:38Like his promises,
32:39which he never keeps.
32:42I am utterly miserable.
32:45I shall go out and buy some sleeping pills,
32:48then I won't think about it so much.
32:52Eva has already made two attempts at sex,
32:56but Hitler still refuses to marry her.
33:00A highly intelligent man should take a primitive and stupid woman.
33:07Imagine if I had a woman who interfered with my work.
33:12In my leisure time,
33:14I want to have peace.
33:16I could never marry.
33:18It's the same with a movie actor.
33:21When he marries,
33:22he loses a certain something for the women who adore him.
33:28Then,
33:28he is no longer their idol.
33:37But in the Kremlin,
33:38Stalin doesn't want to hear anything.
33:43For him,
33:43there is no such thing as failure.
33:46The system was faulty because their policy was being sabotaged.
33:52He was looking for culprits among economic officials.
33:59Just like the financial desk,
34:01Bryukhanov,
34:01that he considers incompetent,
34:03and who a collaborator drew in an awkward position.
34:12At the margin,
34:13Stalin wrote,
34:16For all his sins past and present,
34:18hang Bryukhanov from the testicles.
34:20If they hold up,
34:21consider it acquitted by the court.
34:28If they give up,
34:29throw them in the river.
34:35Stalin was only half-joking.
34:36In 1930,
34:40he invented a method to officially point out the culprits.
34:46The political trial.
34:56The defendants were scientists,
34:59engineers,
35:00senior officials.
35:04They were all competent,
35:06but Stalin accused them of sabotaging the Soviet economy.
35:15Get up!
35:18Stalin himself is absent from the debates,
35:20but he appointed as judge one of his followers,
35:22Andrei Vyshinsky.
35:26He told him the sentences to be pronounced,
35:28death.
35:33I declare the session of the Special Court of the Government of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics open.
35:42For the trial to appear credible in the eyes of the public,
35:45it was necessary that the defendants admit their fault.
35:49They were tortured for weeks and didn't really have a choice.
35:56How do I say this?
35:57I have already explained this in my last statement that my counter-revolutionary feelings with regard to Soviet power had never really left me.
36:09I completely acknowledge this,
36:10I acknowledge that.
36:12I deserve the worst punishment.
36:15For the prosecutor,
36:16it's now a piece of cake.
36:19The government convicts you and requests that the defendants be shot.
36:25After several days of deliberations,
36:27the judge pronounced the verdict.
36:32He knew that Stalin was dutching his performance.
36:37Hence a certain feeling.
36:41Kalaninkov Ivan Andreyevich,
36:43according to articles 583,
36:45584,
36:47586 and 5811 of the USSR code,
36:50the Soviet Union gives you the highest sentence,
36:52being shot with the confiscation of all your assets.
36:58Their sentence will be commuted to 10 years in prison.
37:02But the message is clear,
37:03those who oppose Stalin will be brutally crushed.
37:13As well as their loved ones too,
37:15Stalin is becoming brutal.
37:17His relationship with his eldest son Yekhov,
37:20born of a first union,
37:21turned cold.
37:22He recently attempted to commit s******.
37:26His father showed no compassion.
37:31He couldn't even shoot on target.
37:35I can't have something in common with him.
37:43Stalin's relationship too was not doing well.
37:48His wife,
37:49Nadezhda,
37:50is fragile,
37:51she was constantly rebuked by her husband.
37:57During a dispute where Stalin insulted her,
37:59she got carried away.
38:04You are an executioner.
38:06That's what you are.
38:08You're tormenting your own son,
38:10your wife,
38:11the Russian people.
38:14It's impossible to live with you.
38:18After 14 years together,
38:20Nadezhda no longer has strength.
38:28One winter evening,
38:30after another quarrel during an official reception in the Kremlin,
38:35Nadezhda returned to her room and committed s****** with a revolver bullet in the heart.
38:46The truth will remain hidden for 60 years.
38:52Russians were told that Nadezhda died from appendicitis.
38:58Because,
38:58according to communist leaders,
39:00s****** it is considered as treason.
39:08Even her friend Paulina Molotov condemned it.
39:14Nadezhda was wrong.
39:17She left Stalin at such a difficult period.
39:23Stalin did not stay at the funeral,
39:25he was devastated.
39:29Oh Nadezhda!
39:31Nadezhda,
39:32when needed of you,
39:33your children and I.
39:37She abandoned me like an enemy.
39:40She made me a cripple.
39:45She ruined my life.
39:54September the 28th,
39:551937.
39:58The people of Berlin are preparing for a state visit from Italian dictator
40:03Benito Mussolini.
40:06Hitler is building a new military alliance in Europe.
40:12We do not intend in rearming Germany to create an instrument of military aggression.
40:20On the contrary,
40:22exclusively for defense and the maintenance of peace.
40:34Hitler parades his new army in front of Mussolini.
40:40Accompanying the two dictators is Hitler's interpreter,
40:44Paul Schmitt.
40:47I had ample opportunity of observing the two of them.
40:51Hitler's voice was rough and often hoarse.
40:54Sometimes his eyes blazed.
40:58His laugh always had a flavor of sarcasm.
41:04There was an interesting ceremony with Mussolini appointing Hitler an honorary corporal in the fascist militia.
41:18Hitler has also signed a pact with Japan.
41:22With his new axis of power in place,
41:25he is ready to make his next move.
41:34In the USSR,
41:35nothing will be the same again.
41:42Stalin was brutal.
41:45From now on he will be merciless.
41:51His first targets were peasants who refused to give their land to the state and joined the kolkhozes.
41:59These huge cooperatives where everything is shared,
42:01under party control.
42:10To harm them,
42:11Stalin sent police officers to crisscross the countryside and requisition the crops.
42:20Their mission is to asphyxiate families who resist his policies.
42:26Tortures are asterisk asterisk asterisk asterisk assassinations.
42:32Nothing could stop them.
42:34One of these policemen is Lev Koplev.
42:41I took part in these expeditions.
42:43Probing the ground to discover the hideouts.
42:50I emptied the pantries while forcing myself not to hear the children's tears and the moans from women.
42:59Anything was allowed.
43:01Destruction.
43:03Lies.
43:06Theft.
43:08The end justified the means.
43:12Our aim was the universal triumph of communism.
43:201933,
43:22the year of the result.
43:27Stalin's requisitions caused a tragedy in Ukraine.
43:33One of the richest regions in Europe was already been ravaged by the famine in the
43:371920s, under Lenin.
43:44But this time,
43:44the slaughter took unimaginable heights.
43:51The peasants no longer had something to eat.
43:57A father wrote to his son in Moscow.
44:01My dear son,
44:02I am writing to you to tell you that your mother is dead.
44:08She died of starvation after months of suffering.
44:12I don't have much time left myself.
44:17Some members of the party on site did not understand that this famine is known and even wanted by Stalin.
44:27They protested.
44:29Is Comrade Stalin a member of the Politburo?
44:35Is he aware of what's going on in Ukraine?
44:39Otherwise,
44:39let me hint you.
44:42A train full of corpses just arrived in Kiev,
44:45after picking up bodies along the way.
44:56In Moscow,
44:57Stalin wanted to eliminate the Ukrainians who were still resisting his policies.
45:05He prohibited hungry peasants from leaving their villages to get to the big cities.
45:12In good conscience,
45:13he condemned to death 5 million people,
45:19half of whom were children.
45:22It's one of the greatest massacres of the century.
45:35At the same time,
45:36the French deputy Edouard Arrillo arrived in Ukraine invited by the Soviet government.
45:46I make ardent wishes for the prosperity of the Russian people.
45:53And I hope that my trip will be useful for their happiness and the people's peace.
46:03The French man and the delegation who accompanied him visited Ukraine by train.
46:10He is pleased with the trip.
46:12I crossed Ukraine.
46:14I can assure you that I saw it like a garden in full yield.
46:19There are only kolkhoz gardens,
46:21irrigated and admirable crops.
46:27While it is said that Ukraine is being ravaged by famine,
46:30allow me to shrug my shoulders.
46:37How could the Frenchman miss out on millions of deaths?
46:45In fact,
46:46the streets were cleaned prior to his arrival.
46:49The workers that he met were extras.
46:53We brought in food.
46:58Eduardo Río was fooled by propaganda.
47:03In Moscow,
47:04Stalin's rule is full of lies.
47:14He gave a mission to journalists and filmmakers.
47:20They don't have to describe the world as it is,
47:22but as it should be.
47:27The harvest is bad.
47:29We have radiant peasants filmed in magnificent fields.
47:37Industrial results are disappointing.
47:40We publish victorious press releases with fake numbers.
47:46We invent heroes like this famous miner,
47:48Alexei Stakhanov.
47:54During a competition,
47:55he broke down the productivity record by extracting 14 times more of coal than others.
48:04This story is completely false.
48:06It was made up by the party.
48:10But it helped abuse the Soviets.
48:17Truly,
48:18the USSR is no longer just a gigantic police state.
48:22Stalin's agents are everywhere.
48:26They control the whole company.
48:32They received a terrifying order.
48:34They want just to arrest the suspects.
48:38But also deport them.
48:42Everywhere,
48:42thousands of men,
48:44women and children are grouped and taken to unknown destinations.
48:56A child remembers.
49:03How long did the trip last?
49:05I have no idea.
49:08In the wagon,
49:09seven people died of starvation.
49:14When we arrived in Tomsk,
49:15they took us out and unloaded the corpses.
49:19Children,
49:19youths,
49:20and old people.
49:26They headed to the Gulag,
49:27Soviet labor camps.
49:33They were real concentration camps.
49:35set up by Stalin long before their appearance in Germany.
49:46These were all enemies of the revolution,
49:48at least from an official point of view.
49:52Actually,
49:52ordinary citizens.
49:56Notable people,
49:57religious people who have nothing to be blamed for but don't fit with the functioning of the regime.
50:06They are mixed with common law prisoners.
50:12In the party,
50:13we call that re-education through labor,
50:15and we are proud of it.
50:24Here,
50:24the deviant spirits must be put back on track.
50:34In fact,
50:35These prisoners are turned into slaves.
50:45In the camps of the far north,
50:47the temperature sometimes falls down to minus 50 degrees.
50:52A prisoner wrote,
50:55It's dangerous to stop moving.
51:00I can't stop kneading my toes and clenching my fists.
51:06The act of touching a metal tool with bare hands may rip your skin off.
51:16Maria Iov can't take it anymore.
51:19She's a political prisoner.
51:23Our team is composed of intellectuals,
51:27but among these scarecrows,
51:29who will recognize violinists,
51:31harpists,
51:32scientists.
51:37We are in a constant state of daze and stupefaction.
51:52March the 12th,
51:521938.
51:56Hitler announces the Nazi takeover of Austria.
52:04Born in Austria,
52:05Hitler has always dreamt of merging his homeland into a greater
52:09German Reich.
52:13Karl Tizian is a soldier in the Austrian army.
52:19We've been told German troops should not be met with any resistance.
52:24God save Austria.
52:29Everywhere there are people on the streets and swastika flags.
52:37Germany has apparently saved us from the communists.
52:42Now everyone is on the side of the winners.
52:47In the town of Dornbirn,
52:4910,000 people celebrate in the renamed
52:53Adolf Hitler Square.
53:02I believe that it was God's will to send the boy from here into Germany.
53:09To raise him to be leader.
53:11To return his homeland to the Reich.
53:15For me,
53:16this is the proudest hour of my life.
53:30Within weeks,
53:31the Jews of Vienna are feeling the real impact of Austria's savior.
53:4324-year-old Jewish student,
53:45Edith
53:46Hahn.
53:48The Nazis are putting up signs on Jewish shops,
53:51warning people not to buy there.
53:55Anybody who resists is beaten up.
53:59Killed or taken away to a concentration camp.
54:06Everyone around us has gone mad.
54:13They were born hating us.
54:16Raised hating us.
54:18And now the veneer of civilization,
54:21which had protected us from their hatred,
54:24has been stripped away.
54:35High in the Bavarian Alps,
54:37at his mountain hideaway,
54:40Hitler is already planning his next conquest.
54:51The diary of Nazi propaganda chief
54:54Josef Goebbels.
54:57Now comes Czechoslovakia.
55:00The Fuhrer is wonderful.
55:02A true genius.
55:05He sits for hours over the map and broods.
55:10The Fuhrer is pleased that Czechs are being so stubborn.
55:15All the more will they be torn to pieces one day.
55:19And they haven't the slightest idea what's going to happen.
55:23Poor fools.
55:29Hitler claims that ethnic Germans living in the Czechoslovak province of Sudetenland are being oppressed.
55:37German newspapers are full of fabricated stories of violence and rape.
55:42On August 2,
55:421933,
55:49an event showed the cruelty and absurdity of the system.
56:00On that day,
56:01the Stalin Canal was being inaugurated.
56:05200 kilometers of waterways that connect from the White to the Baltic Sea.
56:16With just pickaxes,
56:17300,000 prisoners dug this canal.
56:27Exceptionally,
56:28Stalin chose to move.
56:33He wanted to make the canal that would bear his name,
56:35the symbol of his success.
56:39Theoretically,
56:40it was a technical feat the construction deadline of the Panama Canal was shortened.
56:49Truly,
56:49it's a new tragedy.
56:5530,000 prisoners,
56:57or 1 out of 10,
56:58died during construction.
57:04They died in vain.
57:09It seems hard to believe,
57:11but to meet up with the time limits set by Stalin,
57:13the channel was not dug quite deep.
57:20Most boats will never be able to borrow it.
57:31Abroad,
57:31we are far from imagining the horror caused by the Stalinist system.
57:40Most Western media repeat the lies from propaganda to burlesque.
57:46Meanwhile the gulag is developing everywhere,
57:48here's how the French news describe a former Tsar's prison in Siberia.
57:58Once upon a time,
57:59the Tsar revolutionaries were locked up there.
58:02Today,
58:02the Soviet government decided to give another use to this location.
58:11Large rabbit breeding will now be done there under the watch of a special scientific institute.
58:33Intoxicated by propaganda,
58:35every year,
58:37communist delegations from all over the world and especially from France,
58:40came to Moscow to greet the little father of the peoples.
58:52Despite Stalin's crimes,
58:53prestigious rallies were fast multiplying,
58:56like that of the French rider Louis Aragon,
58:58who not only approves the gulag,
58:59but publicly sings its praises.
59:09The proletariat will undertake this historic task,
59:12rehabilitation of man by man.
59:17We are at a moment in the history of mankind that looks like in the transition from ape to man.
59:29For the Bolshevik party and its leader Stalin.
59:37How do you explain such dazzlement?
59:41At the 1935 Congress in Moscow.
59:44Maurice Therese's speech,
59:46the leader of the French Communist Party,
59:48explained that
59:51Stalin gave back to the workers their pride.
59:56Listen comrades,
59:57for a moment,
59:58it happened that communist workers didn't know how to respond in factories,
1:00:01didn't know how to defend themselves against such blames or such accusations.
1:00:10There was a timeline.
1:00:11Because of drying sectarianism,
1:00:13they did not have the means to respond.
1:00:17There was no longer harmony between them and the great mass of workers.
1:00:21Now they're proud,
1:00:22they're talking,
1:00:23responding,
1:00:24giving their arguments.
1:00:27They are known in factories,
1:00:28they say they are the communists.
1:00:30Those are the ones who organized the United Front and the Popular Front.
1:00:37We are sure of victory because the helm of our ship is in the firm hands of the greatest pilot,
1:00:42of our dear and great Stalin.
1:00:47Blinded by his communist ideal,
1:00:49the Frenchman did not see,
1:00:51or did not want to realize that Stalin had moved on a long time ago,
1:00:59and that his only purpose was now to consolidate his power.
1:01:04Stalin decided to kill the entire generation which was still shading him.
1:01:13Remember,
1:01:14Lenin's funeral in 1924.
1:01:19Most of those who carried the coffin with Stalin would die.
1:01:25Kamenev and Zinoviev,
1:01:27executed.
1:01:32Tomsky,
1:01:33driven to ***
1:01:38Recoff,
1:01:39shot.
1:01:42Ruddick,
1:01:43murdered.
1:01:48Stalin finds pleasure in matizing loved ones.
1:01:54Choose your victim,
1:01:55carefully prepare for the coup,
1:01:57relentlessly carry out your revenge and then go to bed.
1:02:06There is nothing sweeter than this in the world.
1:02:11In 1938,
1:02:13he attacked his closest partner in the fight,
1:02:15his dear Bukharin.
1:02:21He's been a friend for 15 years,
1:02:23but he dared contradict him several times.
1:02:28In his eyes,
1:02:29he became an enemy.
1:02:35To prepare for the fall of this great figure in the regime,
1:02:37it started the steamroller propaganda.
1:02:46Across the country,
1:02:47we are of the opinion that these conspiracies were fiercely committed by the agents of capitalism,
1:02:53dogs of fascism none other than Bukharin and his crew.
1:03:00Comrades,
1:03:01what I have to tell you was confirmed by Stalin.
1:03:04Our country is surrounded by enemies who want to destroy our country and our people.
1:03:12Death to these enemies,
1:03:13death to these parasites.
1:03:21During this time at Lubyanka,
1:03:23the headquarters of the secret police,
1:03:24Bakharin is being tortured.
1:03:30In a letter,
1:03:30he implores his old friend Stalin.
1:03:37I am writing you this letter,
1:03:38which is probably the last.
1:03:41My heart bleeds at the thought that you may think that I am guilty.
1:03:49I am ready to drag myself on my knees and implore you to drop this trial for me.
1:03:55If death awaits me,
1:03:57I beg you.
1:03:58In the name of everything you care about,
1:04:00not to allow me to get shot.
1:04:04I would like to take poison.
1:04:08I beg you.
1:04:14It is indeed death that awaits Bukharin.
1:04:17On March 2,
1:04:181938,
1:04:19in a room full of members of the political police,
1:04:22his trial begun.
1:04:27It's mere formality.
1:04:31Our people want one thing.
1:04:33We need to crush these pests.
1:04:40Bakharin is in the defendant's box,
1:04:41but there is nothing left,
1:04:43no image of him.
1:04:45He was not considered docile enough to be used for propaganda.
1:04:50He will be shot and his family deported.
1:05:03The purges are now expanding to all families in the Soviet Union.
1:05:08Without distinction.
1:05:12Stalin saw enemies everywhere.
1:05:15He became totally paranoid.
1:05:20To those he suspects are threatening his power,
1:05:22he encouraged whistleblowing.
1:05:26In each village.
1:05:27You had to be ready to denounce your neighbor and even your own parents.
1:05:38A young boy denounced.
1:05:42As a pioneer,
1:05:43I have to tell you that my father acted in a counter-revolutionary way.
1:05:50And I'm asking you not as a son,
1:05:52but as a pioneer,
1:05:54to be hard on my father's responsibility.
1:06:02Stalin had a henchman,
1:06:03Nikolai Yuzhov,
1:06:04nicknamed Dwarf because he was only 5 feet 5 inches feet tall.
1:06:13He was the boss of the secret police.
1:06:19I might be short but my hands are strong.
1:06:25These are Stalin's hands.
1:06:29We are launching an attack on a large scale against the enemy.
1:06:33There will be innocent victims.
1:06:36When you clear a forest,
1:06:37chips fly off.
1:06:40Stalin had set execution quotas as proof this terrible document.
1:06:46On the first line the name of the republic of the USSR here is Azerbaijan.
1:06:53Followed by three columns of figures.
1:06:56One for executions,
1:06:57one for deportations and one last for the total.
1:07:05There are no names.
1:07:07It's up to party officials to find the victims to fill up the quotas.
1:07:18A random file in the archives of the political police.
1:07:25Name,
1:07:25Silarov.
1:07:31Heritage,
1:07:31a wooden house 8 square meters,
1:07:33a cow,
1:07:344 sheep,
1:07:352 pigs.
1:07:41Indictment,
1:07:42Silarov is malicious against Soviet power.
1:07:45He said Stalin killed a lot of people,
1:07:47but we can't talk about it,
1:07:49otherwise you'll be put in a camp for 25 years.
1:07:57Verdict,
1:07:58shoot Scylla off and confiscate all his property.
1:08:11It's called the Great Terror.
1:08:16Since the year 1937,
1:08:18Yuzhov gets shot an average of 1,000 people per day.
1:08:24Strike,
1:08:25exterminate without sorting.
1:08:27It's better to go too far than not far enough.
1:08:38In the midst of terror,
1:08:39yet,
1:08:40life continued as if nothing had happened.
1:08:45At the Bolshoi Theater,
1:08:46they're playing Swan Lake by Tchaikovsky.
1:08:54It's Stalin's favorite ballet.
1:08:57He never missed a performance.
1:09:02Each evening after the concert.
1:09:06He returned to the Kremlin to sign the execution orders that were prepared for him.
1:09:14Sometimes he added feedback.
1:09:18Tighten the screw on this gentleman,
1:09:20beat him again and again.
1:09:22The more the teeth are tightened the better it is.
1:09:28The terror finally turned against the police chief himself.
1:09:34Yuzhov is accused of treason.
1:09:36He is tortured,
1:09:37executed and even erased from official photos.
1:09:39In 1938,
1:09:48Stalin had eliminated all his enemies,
1:09:50be it real or imaginary.
1:10:02He gradually replaced them with a new generation of activists who owe him everything.
1:10:12They are the nomenklatura.
1:10:16The new people,
1:10:17that which Stalin dreamed of and that whom he can count on.
1:10:32They split up the property of the terrorist victims and they took advantage of apartments for catered.
1:10:38On 17 March 1938,
1:10:47four days after the end of the Bukharin trial,
1:10:50many families went to Moscow airfield.
1:10:57Be it activists,
1:10:58officials,
1:10:59they were all present to welcome a Russian plane which connected Russia to America passing through the North Pole.
1:11:17The welcome of the pilot Shkalov,
1:11:19here at the center,
1:11:20is an event.
1:11:23Stalin decided to make him a new Soviet hero.
1:11:32On that day,
1:11:33on the streets of Moscow,
1:11:35Chkalov proclaimed his love to the Supreme Leader.
1:11:40I am ready to die for Stalin.
1:11:43If we have to give him our lungs,
1:11:45we will give our lungs to Stalin.
1:11:47And if we have to give him our heart,
1:11:49we will give him our heart.
1:12:14Stalin is far from imagining that a threat from the West will soon threaten his regime.
1:12:25In Germany,
1:12:25the Nazi party has been in power for over five years now.
1:12:32He advocates superiority of the Germanic race.
1:12:39As leader,
1:12:39Chancellor Adolf Hitler just like Stalin,
1:12:42has established a dictatorial regime.
1:12:53He had already annexed Austria.
1:12:59He wanted to seize all of its neighboring countries,
1:13:02including France.
1:13:06But most of all he dreamt of attacking the Soviet Union and to annex its
1:13:09territory for the benefit of the German people.
1:13:15The mission of the Nazi movement is to destroy Judeo-Bolshevism.
1:13:25Destroying Russia will give the German people a vital space the masters need to eat.
1:13:36My ambition is to be the man who will break Marxism.
1:13:48Reports of German troop movements convince the Western allies,
1:13:53Britain and France,
1:13:54that this distant border dispute could lead to war.
1:14:07During the annual Nazi party rally,
1:14:10the news is announced that negotiations with the Czech government have broken down.
1:14:19When Hitler begins his closing speech,
1:14:22the whole world is listening.
1:14:44I demand the right of self-determination for the three and a half million Sudeten Germans.
1:14:51They themselves have a right to decide to which country they belong.
1:14:56I demand that the oppression of these Germans in Czechoslovakia ceases.
1:15:11Two weeks later,
1:15:13Czechoslovakia's fate is sealed when Hitler meets British Prime Minister
1:15:18Neville Chamberlain.
1:15:21The agreement signed last night is symbolic of the desire of our two peoples never to go to war with one another again.
1:15:32I believe it is peace for our time.
1:15:39Hitler's troops are allowed to march into the Sudetenland without a shot being fired.
1:15:46I have made sacrifices,
1:15:49and I have shown great restraint.
1:15:53It is the last territorial demand
1:15:56I shall make.
1:16:08June the 12th,
1:16:081939.
1:16:11Adolf Hitler visits his childhood home,
1:16:14the small Austrian village of Fischelheim.
1:16:21Son of a local customs officer,
1:16:23Hitler lays flowers on his parents'
1:16:25grave and then visits his old school.
1:16:33It was here that my first ideals took shape.
1:16:38My association with the rougher boys made me the very opposite of a stay-at-home.
1:16:44Even then,
1:16:45my speaking talents were being developed in violent arguments with my school friends.
1:16:52Woods and meadows were then my battlefields.
1:17:00Hitler is now 50 years old.
1:17:03On his birthday,
1:17:05a woman writes to her local newspaper.
1:17:09My children look upon the Fuhrer as he who gives the orders for everything.
1:17:15To them,
1:17:16the Fuhrer is the creator of the world.
1:17:21Schoolchildren are even being taught a new song.
1:17:26Adolf Hitler is our savior,
1:17:29our hero.
1:17:30He is the noblest being in the whole wide world.
1:17:35For Hitler we live,
1:17:36for Hitler we die.
1:17:38Our Hitler rules a brave new world.
1:17:50All over Germany,
1:17:52thousands of new recruits swear allegiance to their Fuhrer.
1:17:58Hitler's adjutant,
1:17:59Lieutenant Colonel Schmunt.
1:18:03The Fuhrer says that the solution to our problems demands courage.
1:18:10It is a question of expanding in the East.
1:18:13No other openings can be seen in Europe.
1:18:17We are left with no alternative but to attack Poland at the first opportunity.
1:18:29This time Britain and France warn Hitler,
1:18:33if he attacks Poland,
1:18:35they are prepared to go to war.
1:18:38Nazi propaganda chief,
1:18:40Josef Goebbels.
1:18:42We know for sure that the British are too weak and too cowardly to get in our way.
1:18:49The Fuhrer says that Britain now has the most rotten government imaginable.
1:18:57Believe me,
1:18:58we're going to see things develop just like the last time.
1:19:03More of nerves,
1:19:04but they'll end up giving in.
1:19:14Hitler must remove one vital threat before he can launch his attack on Poland.
1:19:21He sends a secret telegram to the Soviet leader.
1:19:27Herr Stalin,
1:19:28the tension between Germany and Poland has become intolerable.
1:19:33A crisis may arise any day.
1:19:37It is desirable to enter into a new relationship with each other.
1:19:44I should be glad to receive your early answer.
1:19:47Adolf Hitler
1:19:56Stalin finally realized the threat.
1:20:00But too late.
1:20:02The USSR was not ready for a conflict.
1:20:06Its weapons were outdated.
1:20:09Its staff was decimated.
1:20:13During the terror,
1:20:14he had shots fired 20,000 Soviet officers.
1:20:21Members of the general staff who were around him during this 1934 movie,
1:20:24there are only a few outdated generals left who don't understand anything about modern warfare.
1:20:36Just like the dashing Boudini.
1:20:41You won't change my mind.
1:20:45As soon as the war breaks out,
1:20:47everyone will shout,
1:20:48Chong get the cavalry.
1:20:53To make up for the delay,
1:20:54Stalin needs some time.
1:20:58In August 1939,
1:21:00he managed to get along at the last minute with Ribbentrop,
1:21:02Hitler's ambassador to Moscow.
1:21:08The two giants sign a non-aggression agreement just a few days before triggering the World War.
1:21:19An unnatural agreement.
1:21:22Which has a lot of ulterior motives.
1:21:25but which gives Stalin a break.
1:21:32It's all just a game about who gets the other one up their sleeve.
1:21:37You'll see,
1:21:38Russia will succeed to avoid war with Germany for a while longer.
1:21:5248 hours later,
1:21:54Stalin agrees not to interfere with Hitler's plans.
1:22:02More than 2 million men await their Fuhrer's orders.
1:22:09No one will ever again have the confidence of the whole German people.
1:22:14All depends on me.
1:22:17Our enemies have leaders who are second-rate.
1:22:20I saw them in Munich.
1:22:23They are little worms.
1:22:27Close your hearts to pity.
1:22:29Act brutally.
1:22:33When starting a war,
1:22:35it is not right that matters,
1:22:38but victory.
1:22:48Early on the morning of September the 1st 1939 the German army invades Poland.
1:22:58The news is broadcast throughout Germany by Adolf Hitler himself.
1:23:06Werner Harz is in Berlin.
1:23:10The streets are empty and there are no troops to be seen.
1:23:15There are no cheering people,
1:23:16such as we had at the start of the Great War.
1:23:20War has broken out quietly,
1:23:23as if under a cloud.
1:23:28Two days later,
1:23:30Britain and France declare war on Germany.
1:23:36Adolf Hitler has started a Second World War.
1:23:49A captured airfield on the outskirts of Warsaw.
1:23:54The Nazi invasion is only three weeks old,
1:23:58but already the Poles are facing defeat.
1:24:02A jubilant Hitler arrives to congratulate his troops.
1:24:08Endless columns of the Polish army have become prisoners of war.
1:24:14Whatever remains must surrender and lay down its arms or it will be destroyed.
1:24:24As part of the secret pact with Stalin,
1:24:27the Red Army invades eastern Poland.
1:24:33When the Poles still refuse to surrender,
1:24:36the city of Warsaw is devastated.
1:24:46Panzergrenadier
1:24:48Gerhard Meyer.
1:24:51We encountered masses of refugees in Kahrt.
1:24:55People are leaving town.
1:24:59Our artillery has had a field day.
1:25:02Everything has collapsed.
1:25:06There are people standing at the side of the road,
1:25:09watching us with hatred.
1:25:16Hitler's defeat of Poland leaves 70,000 dead.
1:25:24As a nation,
1:25:25Poland ceases to exist.
1:25:33Hitler hopes that his destruction of Poland will serve as a warning to Britain and France.
1:25:40He makes them an offer of peace.
1:25:42When it is dismissed,
1:25:44he is enraged.
1:25:46Josef Goebbels.
1:25:49The Fuhrer believes England has to get a knockout blow.
1:25:54England's power is now simply a myth,
1:25:57not a reality any longer.
1:25:59All the more reason why it must be smashed.
1:26:03Before then,
1:26:04there will be no peace in the world.
1:26:19May the 10th,
1:26:191940.
1:26:22Hitler launches blitzkrieg in the West.
1:26:28He catches the Allies by complete surprise.
1:26:35Private Hans Gockart.
1:26:37My darling wife,
1:26:39how can I start to describe this experience?
1:26:42From all sides we can feel the march of thousands.
1:26:47The thunder of artillery never ceases,
1:26:50and we just follow its echo.
1:26:58In just two weeks,
1:26:59the German army has the Allies on the run.
1:27:09At Dunkirk,
1:27:11more than 340,000 men of the British and French armies are forced to abandon France.
1:27:21Peter Supf is one of the first German soldiers on the beach.
1:27:27It is hard to describe the panic of the English.
1:27:32Imagine a picture of absolute chaos on the beaches.
1:27:38Sonaway weapons and guns and lots of vehicles and tanks is a fall of dunk
1:27:46Kirk,
1:27:48the whole of the Belgian and French coast is in our hands.
1:27:58With the British army beaten,
1:28:00France is now alone.
1:28:07Hans Bauer,
1:28:08Hitler's pilot,
1:28:09films the Fuhrer's triumphal arrival in France.
1:28:14Soldiers of the Western Front,
1:28:17you have not disappointed me.
1:28:19The most daring plan in the history of war was realized thanks to your unequaled valor.
1:28:29Our victory shall teach our enemies an historic lesson.
1:28:34June the 22nd,
1:28:341940.
1:28:40The French formally surrender.
1:28:45Yet for some German soldiers,
1:28:47the price of victory is too high.
1:28:50Private Hans Gotthard.
1:28:53My darling wife,
1:28:55I am completely shaken inside.
1:28:58Our soldiers have become childlike and cruel.
1:29:03When we have won this war,
1:29:04I can imagine all the enthusiastic speeches at home about our leadership.
1:29:09And the spirit of the troops.
1:29:13I have to say it is untrue.
1:29:16We have only one due to our wickedness.
1:29:296 a.m.,
1:29:30June the
1:29:3128th.
1:29:33Hitler enters the defeated French capital.
1:29:37Within barely six weeks of heroic struggle,
1:29:40our soldiers have ended the war in the West.
1:29:45Their deeds will enter into history as the most glorious victory of all time.
1:29:53I order flags to be flown throughout the Reich and bells to ring for seven days.
1:30:04Only Britain now stands in the way of Hitler's total mastery of Europe.
1:30:14A week later he returns to Berlin.
1:30:18Hundreds of thousands of people line the streets to greet him.
1:30:22He makes yet another offer of peace to Britain.
1:30:26Mr.
1:30:26Churchill should place his trust in me.
1:30:30The continuation of this war will end in the complete destruction of one of our two nations.
1:30:40I direct yet another appeal to reason.
1:30:48Winston Churchill refuses the offer.
1:31:00All for Britain has begun.
1:31:14Hitler believes his pilots must eliminate the Royal Air Force before an invasion can take place.
1:31:23This time they encounter a more formidable enemy.
1:31:34Messerschmitt pilot
1:31:35Ulrich
1:31:36Steinhilfer.
1:31:38I can report I've now shot down my fourth Spitfire.
1:31:43But it cost me an excellent pilot.
1:31:47The day before we had three more losses.
1:31:50My wingman was also caught.
1:31:54There are only 12 left from the old crew.
1:31:57The British have a new engine in their Spitfires and we can hardly keep up with it.
1:32:08A week later
1:32:10Ulrich Steinhilfer is shot down over Britain.
1:32:21When Churchill orders the bombing of German cities,
1:32:25Hitler switches his attack from the RAF to the British people.
1:32:31If the Royal Air Force should drop 2,000 or 4,000 bombs,
1:32:37then we will drop 200 or 400,000,
1:32:41even 1 million bombs in a single night.
1:32:45If they then increase...
1:32:46their attacks we will obliterate their cities.
1:32:59Hitler's pilots blitz Britain day and night.
1:33:13Over the next nine months,
1:33:15more than 40,000 people are killed.
1:33:19But the British still refuse to give in.
1:33:26The Luftwaffe is starting to suffer heavy losses.
1:33:31Bomber pilot
1:33:32Peter Stahl.
1:33:3516th of October.
1:33:37Our losses amount to four bombers and their crews.
1:33:41This is a heavy blow.
1:33:43And tomorrow,
1:33:44the official communique will state that our brave air crews have inflicted devastating damage on vital targets.
1:33:52And our own losses were only minimal.
1:33:58Our crews are reaching the limits of their nerves.
1:34:04By May 1941,
1:34:06Hitler has lost the battle for Britain.
1:34:10For the first time,
1:34:12he has met his match.
1:34:16I am not a man to abandon a fight once begun.
1:34:21I've proved this in my life,
1:34:23and I will prove this to Churchill.
1:34:36In Hitler's new eastern provinces...
1:34:39Victory has brought a brutal new regime.
1:34:45The Poles have a thin Germanic layer.
1:34:49Below that is foul material.
1:34:52The Jews.
1:34:55The most disgusting thing imaginable.
1:35:00If Poland had lasted any longer,
1:35:03everything would be Lyserine.
1:35:06A clear,
1:35:06masterful hand is now needed here.
1:35:16Hitler requires all Jews to be marked with a special armband.
1:35:22They're rounded up and forced to live in ghettos.
1:35:33The largest ghetto is in Poland's old capital,
1:35:37Warsaw.
1:35:43400,000 Jews are confined within its walls.
1:35:5217-year-old
1:35:53Mary Berg.
1:35:55The ghetto is becoming more and more crowded.
1:35:59There is a constant stream of new refugees.
1:36:05People are ragged and barefoot,
1:36:09with the tragic eyes of those who are starving.
1:36:16Starvation alone is killing 40 to 50 people each day.
1:36:23I saw a little girl crying.
1:36:26She looked at me with her blue eyes and said,
1:36:29I'm hungry.
1:36:33Why does no one come to our aid?
1:36:37How long are we going to be kept here?
1:36:45Joseph
1:36:46Goebbels
1:36:48The Fuhrer prophesied that if the Jews brought about another world war,
1:36:54they would experience annihilation.
1:36:58The world war is here.
1:37:01The extermination of the Jews is the necessary consequence.
1:37:11By the end of 1942,
1:37:14almost 300,000 men,
1:37:17women and children have been taken from the Warsaw Ghetto to the death camp at Treblinka.
1:37:26Hitler's final solution has begun.
1:37:41In the meantime,
1:37:42Stalin did not remain inactive.
1:37:46In favor of the pact signed with Hitler,
1:37:50he conquered new territories.
1:38:04In the winter of 1941,
1:38:06he still thinks is safe from a conflict with Germany.
1:38:11But this time he is wrong.
1:38:19After his defeat at the hands of the RAF,
1:38:22Hitler has abandoned his plans for an invasion of Britain.
1:38:27He prepares orders for a new war,
1:38:30this time against his ally the Soviet Union.
1:38:35Chief of Staff,
1:38:36General Halder.
1:38:38The Fuhrer says that if we can defeat Russia,
1:38:42Britain's last hope will be gone.
1:38:45He believes a campaign against the Soviet Union will be child's play.
1:38:52Some of Hitler's generals are beginning to doubt his leadership.
1:38:58Deputy Chief of Operations,
1:39:00General Valamont.
1:39:03This means that we are bringing on ourselves a war on two fronts that up to now we have been lucky to avoid.
1:39:13What we need is someone to oppose the Führer.
1:39:18But there is no one.
1:39:20A war to destroy communism has been Hitler's dream for the last 20 years.
1:39:27Communism is an enormous danger for our future.
1:39:32We must forget any idea of comradeship between soldiers.
1:39:36This will be a war of annihilation.
1:39:47It's the Barbarossa Plan.
1:39:49One of the biggest military operations in history.
1:39:55Hitler planned to overwhelm the Soviet army and to reach Moscow in just a few weeks.
1:40:06As early as spring,
1:40:07the German army sets ready for battle at the border.
1:40:15On site,
1:40:16Soviet generals observe troop movements.
1:40:20They sounded the alarm and asked for Permissio to deploy soldiers.
1:40:34But in the Kremlin,
1:40:35Stalin,
1:40:35just as paranoid as ever,
1:40:37dread a trap.
1:40:42He answers them.
1:40:45You have a big head,
1:40:46but a small brain.
1:40:48Germany will never stand alone in the war against Russia.
1:40:51June 16,
1:40:551941,
1:40:57a spy sent a message saying an attack was imminent.
1:41:03But Stalin persisted.
1:41:06He's a disinformer,
1:41:07he should go to hell.
1:41:11June 21st,
1:41:12the eve of the major Russian offensive,
1:41:14a German deserter passed the border and said that the attack would be launched at dawn.
1:41:24Stalin's verdict was,
1:41:25Shoot him.
1:41:27June 22nd 1941.
1:41:36The invasion started.
1:41:443 million German soldiers attacked the USSR.
1:41:54From the first hours,
1:41:55they destroyed a thousand planes on the ground.
1:42:03The steamroller German entered the battle.
1:42:14A woman was trapped in a village.
1:42:23Thousands of our soldiers are wandering aimlessly.
1:42:26All scattered around.
1:42:31Our leaders are leaving.
1:42:36They are leaving us to die.
1:42:40Symbol of defeat,
1:42:41Stalin's eldest son,
1:42:43Yakov,
1:42:43was captured as a prisoner while on the run disguised as a peasant.
1:42:53...as a gunner in the
1:42:557th Panzer Division.
1:42:58All isn't half as bad as it sounds.
1:43:00The Russians are fleeing everywhere.
1:43:03Yesterday,
1:43:04I shot up a Russian tank.
1:43:07If I get another one,
1:43:08I'll get my first battle stripes.
1:43:12We're going to show those Bolshevik pigs who is who around here.
1:43:17I wish you could see me now,
1:43:18all tanned by the sun.
1:43:21We all believe in an early victory.
1:43:31An officer in the
1:43:33105th police battalion writes home.
1:43:37Dear Hannah,
1:43:40the number of prisoners we take increases day by day.
1:43:45Our battalion has to take care of them.
1:43:49We shoot them there and then.
1:43:54When you know that these men have killed German soldiers,
1:43:57it is not such a difficult job to shoot them.
1:44:03Please don't read this to our son.
1:44:15By the war's end,
1:44:17more than three million Soviet prisoners of war will have been killed.
1:44:29August 26,
1:44:301941.
1:44:33Hitler visits the Eastern Front.
1:44:36With the Red Army in full retreat and large parts of the Soviet heartland in his grasp,
1:44:42his plans for an Eastern Empire are beginning to take shape.
1:44:48What India is for Britain,
1:44:51Russia will be for us.
1:44:53If only I could make the German people understand what this space means for our future.
1:45:01Let's learn from the British.
1:45:03It is just a matter of dividing up a giant cake.
1:45:07So that first we rule it,
1:45:09then administer it,
1:45:11and finally exploit it.
1:45:16But Hitler and his generals failed to defeat the Red Army before the start of the severe Russian winter.
1:45:27At the back,
1:45:28Russia is in shock.
1:45:35In order to understand,
1:45:36the population is running to get the newspapers.
1:45:40Everyone is waiting for Stalin's reaction.
1:45:44But it's not coming.
1:45:48Muscovites,
1:45:48like young Gainer,
1:45:49want to know more.
1:45:53We're glued to the radio.
1:45:56We are waiting for Stalin's speech.
1:45:59We need to hear his voice.
1:46:04But he is silent.
1:46:06It's Molotov,
1:46:07his deputy,
1:46:08who is talking.
1:46:11Everyone is listening.
1:46:14We are told that we are in the middle of war.
1:46:17But where is Stalin?
1:46:21Stalin is entrenched behind the walls of the Kremlin.
1:46:24It is annihilated.
1:46:28All is lost.
1:46:31Lenin founded our state and we ruined everything.
1:46:38He left us a fantastic legacy.
1:46:42And we ruined it.
1:46:46Because of his repeated mistakes,
1:46:48Stalin is personally responsible for the disaster.
1:46:52But he doesn't want to admit it.
1:46:56As usual,
1:46:57he is looking for culprits.
1:46:59These thousands of soldiers surrendering are considered traitors.
1:47:03Their families will be deported.
1:47:08As far as deserters are concerned,
1:47:10he's sent to the front special units responsible for watching soldiers and he gave them explicit orders.
1:47:23In case of panic and retraction,
1:47:25have them shot on the spot including those who will panic and the cowards.
1:47:32In just a few weeks,
1:47:33Stalin jumped from one bad decision to the other.
1:47:41In Ukraine,
1:47:42he prohibited his generals from evacuating the city of Kiev.
1:47:47Five days later,
1:47:49Nazis captured 500,000 soldiers.
1:47:58It was the biggest catch ever done by an army.
1:48:12In October 1941,
1:48:13four months after the start of the Barbarossa offensive,
1:48:16Hitler almost won his bet.
1:48:25The German army was a few miles from Moscow.
1:48:29The capital is bombed every day.
1:48:35The population took refuge in the subway.
1:48:39Writer Viktor Kravchenko noted this in his journal.
1:48:44Moscow gives you the feeling that you're dying.
1:48:49Panic reigns and it enables the most incredible sounds to circulate.
1:49:00Some said that a coup had occurred in the Kremlin and that Stalin was arrested.
1:49:12Actually,
1:49:12Stalin also took refuge in the subway.
1:49:19Here it is,
1:49:19while all his followers urged him to evacuate the capital,
1:49:25and take a decision that would change everything.
1:49:33In spite of the danger,
1:49:34he decided to remain in Moscow.
1:49:38In a few hours,
1:49:39he will address his soldiers.
1:49:49November
1:49:507th, 8 in the morning.
1:49:54Regiments joined the Red Square in the middle of a snowstorm.
1:49:58Following Stalin's call,
1:50:05the tanks came directly from the front well-armed.
1:50:12The Germans could attack at any time.
1:50:18But Stalin's speech galvanized the troops.
1:50:23Male and female supporters,
1:50:25the whole world is watching us and is waiting for us to crush down the hordes of looters and German invaders who died during the German invasion.
1:50:38Glory to our country,
1:50:39to freedom,
1:50:40to independence.
1:50:42Onward to victory under Lenin's flag.
1:50:50In a few days,
1:50:51the Soviet army managed to stabilize the war in front of Moscow.
1:50:59They are forced to call a halt to Operation Barbarossa.
1:51:03Then,
1:51:04on December the 7th,
1:51:06Hitler receives the news that his allies,
1:51:09the Japanese,
1:51:10have bombed Pearl Harbor.
1:51:13Adolf Hitler is faced by a new enemy,
1:51:16the United States.
1:51:20No power can shake us.
1:51:23I am Führer of a Reich that will last for a thousand years.
1:51:30Churchill and Roosevelt are sitting over there in their plutocratic little world.
1:51:36Behind the scenes,
1:51:37the Jews run their show.
1:51:41I have my people behind me.
1:51:56With winter over,
1:51:57Hitler launches a new offensive.
1:52:00He is convinced that the Red Army is on the brink of destruction.
1:52:06Lieutenant
1:52:07Wilhelm Prüller.
1:52:10At last,
1:52:11we're in our element again.
1:52:13It is we who are taking the initiative,
1:52:16Mr.
1:52:16Stalin.
1:52:17And neither you nor your beasts can stop us.
1:52:33is an ear-splitting,
1:52:34gigantic record.
1:52:36Shot after shot.
1:52:37A never-ending inferno.
1:52:42The land is bathed in a thick fog.
1:52:46We thank God that this war is not being fought on German soil.
1:52:55When the German army reaches the river Volga,
1:52:58Hitler orders the capture of Stalingrad.
1:53:06His soldiers are now over a thousand miles from home and dangerously exposed.
1:53:16When his generals suggest a retreat,
1:53:18Hitler confronts them.
1:53:21Do you think that you can teach me what the man at the front is thinking?
1:53:26Where were you in the First World War?
1:53:29I demand from you the same toughness as from the front line soldiers.
1:53:37Hitler orders no retreat.
1:53:45Three months later,
1:53:47the Red Army surrounds and traps a quarter of a million German soldiers in Stalingrad.
1:54:04We are in Stalingrad.
1:54:06It was the turning point of the Second World War.
1:54:22The Germans,
1:54:23who did not succeed to bring down Moscow,
1:54:25wanted to conquer this crossing point towards the oil of the Caspian Sea.
1:54:41They occupied 90%
1:54:42of the city,
1:54:45but they still had a few hundred miles to win.
1:54:54In front,
1:54:55the Soviets put up a relentless resistance against them.
1:55:01The Russian gunner Andrey Kozyanov was one of them.
1:55:09We heard the footsteps and the breath of German soldiers.
1:55:14I can't see them with the smoke.
1:55:20We shoot following our instinct.
1:55:24By ear.
1:55:30My head is buzzing.
1:55:41A total of 2 million people will die in Stalingrad.
1:55:49For the first time since the start of the war,
1:55:51Stalin,
1:55:52wisely,
1:55:52decided not to intervene himself and to let his chief of staff General Zhukov do the work.
1:56:03Zhukov had a battle plan.
1:56:06He wanted to trap the Germans they had just conquered in the city.
1:56:24On the home front,
1:56:25the people of Germany are preparing for Christmas.
1:56:31Some of the families of soldiers trapped in Stalingrad have letters brought out by air.
1:56:39Private Werner Bunnermann.
1:56:42My dear son,
1:56:44I hope that this is the last Christmas that you celebrate without me.
1:56:49The Russians have dealt us a nasty blow.
1:56:52It is now minus 30 degrees here.
1:56:56How nice it must be in warm rooms.
1:57:01November 19,
1:57:021942.
1:57:06At 7 in the morning.
1:57:091,400 tanks,
1:57:11over 1,000 planes and a million Soviet soldiers were rushing on the flanks of the Nazi army.
1:57:22These images taken after the battle during a reenactment show two Russian armies come together.
1:57:38A few weeks later,
1:57:39300,000 German soldiers surrounded,
1:57:41poorly equipped and hungry surrendered with their leader,
1:57:51Marshal von Paulus.
1:57:56It's the first time that a Nazi marshal is captured alive.
1:58:13To Stalin,
1:58:13it is a miracle.
1:58:18In the eyes of the world,
1:58:19he is the first to defeat Adolf Hitler.
1:58:26And he will launch over the next two years the heroic counter-offensive Russian soldiers against Germany.
1:58:43Despite his crimes,
1:58:45despite his pact in 1939 with Hitler,
1:58:47Stalin became unavoidable.
1:58:54With Hitler's war claiming more and more German lives,
1:58:58even old men and boys are now called up to fight for the fatherland.
1:59:03The diary of
1:59:0415-year-old
1:59:05Wolfgang von Dyson.
1:59:08We have replaced the men so that they can go to the front.
1:59:12Soldiers had manned these guns until now.
1:59:15It's very exciting.
1:59:18I like this much more than school.
1:59:22We are now on duty 24 hours a day.
1:59:27We are boys no longer,
1:59:29now we are men.
1:59:41Hitler's homeland is under attack from the air.
1:59:45The Allies have begun firebombing
1:59:48Germany's cities.
1:59:52On July the 27th,
1:59:54700 British bombers target Hamburg.
2:00:05Firestorm is filmed by Hamburg fireman
2:00:08Hans Brunsvik.
2:00:11The fire is like a thunderstorm without rain.
2:00:15The heat is unbearable.
2:00:18I see people lying in the street.
2:00:21I try to help them,
2:00:24but they are already dead.
2:00:31Hamburg streets are littered with bodies.
2:00:34Some of them so burnt that they're only skeletons.
2:00:39Some are reduced to small heaps of ash.
2:00:45In Hamburg alone,
2:00:47more than 40,000 people are killed.
2:00:54Hitler's advisers want him to tour the ruins and raise the morale of his people.
2:01:00Minister of Supplies,
2:01:02Albert Speer.
2:01:05I tried a few times to persuade Hitler.
2:01:08Goebbels had tried to put over the same idea,
2:01:10but in vain,
2:01:12and referred enviously to the conduct of Churchill.
2:01:16When I think of the propaganda value I could make of such a visit,
2:01:20he'd say...
2:01:22Hitler remains hidden away in his command bunker on the Eastern Front.
2:01:29If the German people are no longer so strong and ready for sacrifice that they will not stake their own blood on their existence,
2:01:39they deserve to pass away and be annihilated by another stronger power.
2:01:47If that is the case,
2:01:49I would not shed a tear for them.
2:02:04Hidden in the forests of Eastern Germany is Hitler's secret headquarters.
2:02:11The Wulst Leir is a huge complex of camouflaged buildings and underground bunkers.
2:02:21From here,
2:02:22Hitler directs his war.
2:02:27His health is now failing.
2:02:29He has a heart condition and the early signs of Parkinson's disease.
2:02:35General Heinz Guderian
2:02:39Since I last saw Hitler,
2:02:41he has aged greatly.
2:02:45His back was bent,
2:02:47his hand trembled.
2:02:50His eyes lacked their former luster.
2:02:55He easily lost his temper and was then unpredictable in what he said and did.
2:03:10Hitler's ally,
2:03:11the fascist dictator of Romania,
2:03:14Marshal Antonescu,
2:03:15is here to discuss the worsening war situation.
2:03:24Hitler's adjutant,
2:03:26Nikolaus von Bello.
2:03:29I had the impression that Hitler now believed that a war against both the Russians and the Allies,
2:03:36on two fronts,
2:03:38could no longer be won.
2:03:59June the 6th,
2:03:591944.
2:04:02The Allies begin an invasion of Nazi-controlled France.
2:04:07D-Day.
2:04:19When Hitler is informed,
2:04:21he is delighted.
2:04:24The news could not be any better.
2:04:28As long as they were in Britain,
2:04:30we could not get at them.
2:04:33Now we have them,
2:04:35where we can destroy them.
2:04:41But by the end of the first day,
2:04:43the Allies have overwhelmed the German soldiers and fought their way inland.
2:04:54Private Robert
2:04:55Vogt.
2:04:57We only had infantry weapons.
2:05:00We didn't even have a bazooka.
2:05:03And we were even short of ammunition.
2:05:06The Americans were right.
2:05:09They dropped leaflets in German,
2:05:11which read attacked from the front cut off from behind written off by Hitler.
2:05:25In Germany the news is announced that a bomb has exploded in Hitler's Wolf's Lair headquarters.
2:05:34A group of army officers has been secretly plotting his downfall.
2:05:39Hitler has a lucky escape.
2:05:43Now I have proof.
2:05:46The entire general staff is contaminated.
2:05:50Now I have the swine who have been sabotaging my work for years.
2:05:57Now I know why my great plans failed.
2:06:02It was treason.
2:06:07Hitler orders the arrest of 5,000 people.
2:06:14200 are executed.
2:06:21With his empire under attack from all sides,
2:06:25Hitler puts his faith in a new weapon.
2:06:37For more than 12 years at a secret location in northern Germany,
2:06:42a team of Nazi scientists have been testing a long-range ballistic missile.
2:06:58The
2:06:58...make a special color film of their first successful launch.
2:07:05Head of the research team,
2:07:07Major General Walter Dornberger,
2:07:10shows it to Hitler.
2:07:12A strange fanatical light flared in Hitler's eyes.
2:07:17What I want is annihilation,
2:07:19he raged.
2:07:22I realized that he expected this new weapon to produce a turning point in the war.
2:07:29Our missile has been renamed the V2.
2:07:33Vengeance weapon number two.
2:07:351,300 V2 rockets are fired on London,
2:07:45killing almost 3,000 people.
2:07:49Not the annihilation Hitler has demanded.
2:08:02The Allies are closing in on the fatherland itself.
2:08:06Hitler is still telling his people that the war can be won.
2:08:13But in private,
2:08:14he is a changed man.
2:08:18I know the war is lost.
2:08:20The enemy's superiority is too great.
2:08:24I have been betrayed.
2:08:26I ought to put a bullet in my head.
2:08:29But we will not capitulate,
2:08:31ever.
2:08:33We may go down,
2:08:35but we will take the world with us.
2:08:46April the
2:08:4711th,
2:08:491945. The Allies arrive at Buchenwald.
2:08:55It is one of over a thousand of Hitler's concentration camps.
2:09:02Udo Dietmar is one of the few survivors.
2:09:08The conditions in Buchenwald had reached the height of horror.
2:09:14People were starving.
2:09:21A few of those who could still move.
2:09:24Broke down and died.
2:09:29There were mountains of corpses.
2:09:32The crematorium and the courtyard were overcrowded with skeletons.
2:09:40I can still hear my dead friends.
2:09:44If you should survive,
2:09:47don't forget to tell the world of our destiny.
2:09:52I will never forget.
2:10:03The Americans round up people from the nearby town and force them to witness the horrors that have been committed in their name.
2:10:1318-year-old
2:10:14Renata Simon.
2:10:16I could hardly believe what I was seeing.
2:10:20They had piled up the corpses of people who had died.
2:10:28The smile was just too much.
2:10:33I couldn't take it anymore.
2:10:38But the GI shouted at me,
2:10:41You Hitler Freulein!
2:10:44Here look!
2:10:45Look!
2:10:51The Nazis have murdered
2:10:536 million Jews.
2:11:04January 1945.
2:11:06The Red Army has reached the Oder River,
2:11:09just 50 miles from Berlin.
2:11:12From his bunker beneath the center of the city,
2:11:15Hitler orders every able-bodied male to defend Berlin.
2:11:24Every soldier must fulfill his duty.
2:11:27Whoever does not is a traitor.
2:11:31Anyone who gives you an order to retreat must be arrested and executed immediately.
2:11:43Outnumbered more than five to one,
2:11:46the German cause is hopeless.
2:11:49On April the
2:11:5021st, the Russians enter Berlin.
2:12:02With more than 20 million Soviets already killed in the war,
2:12:07the Red Army allows its soldiers to celebrate.
2:12:1424-year-old
2:12:15Hildegard Christoph.
2:12:18The Russians came.
2:12:21We weren't allowed to lock our doors.
2:12:25Holding machine guns,
2:12:27they herded us into an empty house.
2:12:31Other young women had also been dragged in.
2:12:37The beasts pounced on us,
2:12:40again and again,
2:12:41the entire night.
2:12:44A whole mob of them.
2:12:49At dawn they disappeared.
2:12:52We crept back to our family.
2:12:56Many committed s******.
2:13:06As many as 2 million German women are...
2:13:16In Moscow,
2:13:16during the visit of General de Gaulle,
2:13:20then a few months later at the Yalta conference,
2:13:25allies all came meet the great Stalin.
2:13:33The Britain Churchill took a toast.
2:13:39Is there anything more precious than the life of Stalin to each and every one of us?
2:13:46I sincerely hope the people of the Soviet Union would be able to preserve their marshal for a long time.
2:13:55Churchill knew that since the victory in Stalingrad,
2:13:57the USSR was becoming a superpower.
2:14:07He knew that after months of a counter-offensive,
2:14:09the Red Army would soon enter Berlin.
2:14:19We are in the spring of 1945.
2:14:23These terrifying weapons,
2:14:25Stalin's followers,
2:14:26were bombing the German capital.
2:14:36Stalin decided to avenge Stalingrad and destroy Berlin.
2:14:46In front of such firepower,
2:14:48Germany finished by capitulating on the 8th of May
2:15:031945. In the ruins of the Nazi Chancellery.
2:15:06Hitler's underground bunker is discovered.
2:15:12It is deserted.
2:15:15After finally marrying his mistress,
2:15:17Eva Braun,
2:15:18Adolf Hitler has committed s******.
2:15:23In order to escape the disgrace of surrender,
2:15:26my wife and I choose death.
2:15:32It is our wish to be burned immediately.
2:15:39All that is found are a few charred bones.
2:15:46Hitler's war is finally over.
2:15:5417-year-old schoolgirl
2:15:56Edelgard Seidel.
2:15:59We believed in victory,
2:16:01and now this is the end.
2:16:05Hitler is responsible for destroying our nation.
2:16:09We will always have to live under this shame.
2:16:18Across Europe,
2:16:2050 million people are dead.
2:16:27Before killing himself,
2:16:29Hitler wrote this last testament.
2:16:33It is untrue that
2:16:35I...
2:16:36Or anyone else in Germany wanted war.
2:16:40It was provoked solely by the Jews.
2:16:46I die with a joyful heart in the knowledge of our infinite achievements and of a contribution unique in the history that bears my name.
2:17:14Two months later,
2:17:16Generalissimo Stalin arrived in the German capital to celebrate his victory.
2:17:24In this famous propaganda movie,
2:17:26we welcomed Hitler's conqueror like a messiah.
2:17:38In fact,
2:17:39it's fiction where the role of Stalin is played by a lookalike.
2:17:46This masterful arrival never happened.
2:17:50Stalin was scared of flying.
2:17:53And contrary to these images,
2:17:54he hated crowds.
2:17:58Comrades,
2:17:59today,
2:18:00we are celebrating the big victory on fascist Germany.
2:18:11The real Stalin took an armored train to Potsdam,
2:18:14in the suburbs of Berlin,
2:18:16where 5,000 police officers were mobilized for his arrival.
2:18:24He was obsessed with the attacks.
2:18:27If he agreed to leave his country for the first time in 30 years,
2:18:33it's because the opportunity was worth it.
2:18:38He had appointments around the negotiation table with his American and British allies.
2:18:45Since the Yalta Conference,
2:18:47he asked for half of the European territory.
2:18:53That is all the countries that his army had liberated during the war.
2:19:01Stalin's demand was accepted by the Allies.
2:19:06Soviet rule from Eastern Europe was set to begin.
2:19:12It will last nearly half a century.
2:19:27For the Russian people,
2:19:28the price of victory is exorbitant.
2:19:34The conflict has annihilated 70,000 villages and killed 26 million people.
2:19:46In the summer of 1945,
2:19:48the soldiers were returning to their homes and getting ready to be reunited with their families.
2:19:58A soldier said,
2:20:01People are screaming,
2:20:02they are running.
2:20:03They're crying when the train arrives.
2:20:08The men kiss their wives.
2:20:14They hug the children they didn't see grow up.
2:20:19They proudly show their decorations and their wounds.
2:20:28After so much suffering,
2:20:30they all want peace and quiet.
2:20:34For them,
2:20:34the crimes of Stalin are nothing but old memories.
2:20:41They are wrong.
2:20:51Stalin is at the peak of his power.
2:20:57It's been over 20 years that he's been leading the Soviet Union.
2:21:03For victory,
2:21:04we prepared a grandiose show for him with thousands of extras.
2:21:15Even the American General Eisenhower came along.
2:21:23However,
2:21:24Stalin seems to be absent.
2:21:30His health is fragile.
2:21:32He has memory lapses.
2:21:35He had several heart attacks.
2:21:40Above all,
2:21:41he is a single man.
2:21:48During the war,
2:21:49he lost his son Yakov,
2:21:50who was made prisoner of the Germans.
2:21:54It is said that Yakov sought to escape by crossing barbed wires.
2:22:01Stalin refused to exchange him against Marshal von Paulus,
2:22:04as Hitler proposed.
2:22:11If I had traded Yakov,
2:22:13what would have said the fathers of the party,
2:22:15whose children were made prisoners too?
2:22:21If I had done that,
2:22:22I wouldn't have been called Stalin.
2:22:28His private life was a disaster.
2:22:31He no longer sees his second son,
2:22:33the aviator Vasily,
2:22:34who became an alcoholic and who keeps flying over Red Square on his plane.
2:22:48More paranoid than ever.
2:22:51Stalin even got mad at Svetlana,
2:22:53his darling daughter,
2:22:54who is now a young woman.
2:22:59He didn't understand her need to have fun.
2:23:02He did not accept her romantic escapades,
2:23:05particularly the one with Jewish director Alexei Kapler,
2:23:08who he sent to the Gulag.
2:23:15He didn't accept either her marriage to Grigory Morozov,
2:23:17a Jewish,
2:23:18too.
2:23:24Over the years,
2:23:25Hitler's conqueror became anti-Semitic.
2:23:33All the previous generation was contaminated by Zionism.
2:23:41And now they want youths to join.
2:23:48As soon as the war was over,
2:23:49Stalin relaunched the purges depending on his mood and his craziness.
2:23:55With 2 million prisoners,
2:23:57including a large number of Jews,
2:23:58the Gulag had never been this full.
2:24:15In France,
2:24:16communists who fought against the Nazis during the war still worship Stalin.
2:24:19In 1949,
2:24:28he celebrated his 70th birthday.
2:24:31Gifts were sent from everywhere to the Kremlin,
2:24:33so did tremolos,
2:24:34the man behind the voice,
2:24:36the poet Paul Eluard explained.
2:24:40In this small workshop from Belleville,
2:24:43the workers spent 300 hours manufacturing with care,
2:24:47a gift for Stalin.
2:24:51Their gift was a minute tour.
2:24:56Despite the evidence,
2:24:57the horror of the Stalinist system was still silenced.
2:25:07We have not forgotten what we went through during the Nazi occupation.
2:25:11It is necessary to understand that one of our comrades was interned.
2:25:14Another man's son fell into the clandestine struggle.
2:25:18The wife and the daughter of our director were deported.
2:25:20Without the victory of Stalingrad,
2:25:22our village Grigny would have still been occupied by the Nazis.
2:25:26like all of France and Europe.
2:25:28Therefore,
2:25:29we all,
2:25:29peasants from Grigny,
2:25:30we wish a happy birthday and long life to Generalissimo Stalin who freed us with his victory.
2:25:37We wish long life to a clear-sighted guide to the working class,
2:25:40to Stalin,
2:25:40the man of peace.
2:25:46For his birthday,
2:25:47the man of peace convened in Moscow the international communist elite.
2:25:54Especially the Chinese Mao Zedong.
2:26:01But a little
2:26:0212-year-old girl was starring.
2:26:05Her name was Natalia.
2:26:08She was Postkribyshev's daughter,
2:26:10Stalin's secretary.
2:26:13She was immensely honored to read a poem to the Supreme Leader.
2:26:18Life close to us,
2:26:19dear one,
2:26:20lead us through your lights.
2:26:22for the Soviet regime to flourish and get stronger every day.
2:26:35The room cheered this touching scene,
2:26:40but the little girl wasn't aware of a cruel detail.
2:26:44A few years ago,
2:26:45Stalin had her mother shot.
2:26:53At 70,
2:26:53the little father of peoples felt more indispensable than ever.
2:27:00What would you do without me?
2:27:02You are blind.
2:27:04You are little cats.
2:27:07You don't see the enemy.
2:27:09The country will fall because you can't recognize the enemy.
2:27:25March 4th,
2:27:251953.
2:27:32This time it is Stalin who just died.
2:27:40No details in the newspapers.
2:27:43We won't know until later.
2:27:45Stalin agonized alone in his room for two days,
2:27:48without anyone to rescue him.
2:27:50Not even his doctors.
2:27:51who were terrified at the thought of taking a bad decision and as a result,
2:27:55getting shot.
2:28:05His body was displayed in the Hall of Columns,
2:28:07where he had convicted his friends during the Moscow trials.
2:28:16Among party members,
2:28:17the feelings are real.
2:28:20A teacher had a hard time imagining life without Stalin.
2:28:28What will happen now?
2:28:32How are we going to live?
2:28:36What will happen to the country?
2:28:44On the Red Square.
2:28:47Officials were reciting their speeches as usual.
2:28:53Our Master and Guide,
2:28:54the greatest genius of all mankind,
2:28:57has finished his glorious path.
2:29:06However,
2:29:07despite the morning instructions away from the cameras,
2:29:12thousands of Stalin's victims had secretly started to cheering up.
2:29:20At the Vukuta camp,
2:29:21in the far north of Russia,
2:29:24the deportees got down on their knees upon hearing the news.
2:29:29May his soul go to hell.
2:29:33Thank God,
2:29:34today,
2:29:34the man with the mustache went to hell.
2:29:42During his reign,
2:29:43the man who promised heaven on earth had caused the death of 20 million people.

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