History of Database Applications — Transcript

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1. 0:03[Music]
2. 0:06hello everyone and welcome back
3. 0:08in this video we are going to see a
4. 0:10brief history
5. 0:11of database applications due to the
6. 0:14change in requirements each day and
7. 0:17also due to the evolution of internet
8. 0:19new types of databases have
9. 0:21emerged first let's look into the early
10. 0:24database
11. 0:25applications using hierarchical and
12. 0:28network systems
13. 0:29these early database systems were based
14. 0:32on
15. 0:33three database models the hierarchical
16. 0:36database model or the hierarchical
17. 0:38systems
18. 0:39network model based systems and the
19. 0:41inverted file systems
20. 0:44they were mainly based on the
21. 0:45hierarchical model and the network
22. 0:47model a hierarchical database model
23. 0:50is a data model where data is organized
24. 0:54into a tree-like structure
25. 0:55starting from the root node this model
26. 0:58is the first database model
27. 1:00created by ibm in the 1960s
28. 1:03now to solve the shortcomings of the
29. 1:05hierarchical database model
30. 1:07network database model was created but
31. 1:10this model
32. 1:11did not become dominant though it was
33. 1:13created to solve the drawbacks of the
34. 1:16hierarchical database model one of the
35. 1:19main
36. 1:19problems of the early database systems
37. 1:22was it was not very flexible to develop
38. 1:26new queries and also reorganizing data
39. 1:29was difficult
40. 1:30when changes were made to the
41. 1:32requirements of the database
42. 1:34applications another drawback of the
43. 1:37early systems was that
44. 1:39it provided only programming language
45. 1:42interfaces
46. 1:42which made it time consuming and
47. 1:44expensive
48. 1:46these early database systems were
49. 1:48implemented on
50. 1:49large and expensive mainframe computers
51. 1:52and they were implemented in the mid
52. 1:551960s through 1970s
53. 1:57and 1980s so this is about the early
54. 2:00database
55. 2:01applications using hierarchical and
56. 2:04network systems
57. 2:05next we have providing application
58. 2:08flexibility with relational databases
59. 2:11relational databases or rdbms
60. 2:14was proposed by ef cord and a relational
61. 2:17database
62. 2:18organizes data into tables which can be
63. 2:20linked
64. 2:21or related based on the data high level
65. 2:24query language
66. 2:25was introduced in the relational data
67. 2:27model which was an
68. 2:28alternative to the programming language
69. 2:31interface which was used in the early
70. 2:33database systems
71. 2:34and because of this high level query
72. 2:37language it was more easier and quicker
73. 2:39to write new queries
74. 2:41relational databases were meant to
75. 2:43provide flexibility to quickly develop
76. 2:46new queries and also to reorganize the
77. 2:49database
78. 2:50as per the change in requirements the
79. 2:53performance of the early experimental
80. 2:55relational systems
81. 2:56or the relational systems that were
82. 2:58developed initially
83. 2:59that is developed in 1970s and also the
84. 3:02performance of the commercial
85. 3:04rdbms that were developed in 1980s
86. 3:07were quite slow since they didn't use
87. 3:09proper search techniques
88. 3:11but with the introduction of new storage
89. 3:14and indexing techniques and also better
90. 3:16query processing the performance of
91. 3:19rdbms improved gradually relational
92. 3:22databases
93. 3:23became the dominant type of database
94. 3:25systems
95. 3:26and now it exists on all types of
96. 3:28computers
97. 3:29so that is about the relational
98. 3:31databases providing application
99. 3:33flexibility
100. 3:34in comparison to the early database
101. 3:36systems
102. 3:37next let us look into the object
103. 3:39oriented applications
104. 3:41and the need for more complex databases
105. 3:44the emergence of object-oriented
106. 3:46programming languages
107. 3:48led to the development of
108. 3:50object-oriented databases
109. 3:52these object-oriented databases
110. 3:54incorporated
111. 3:55many of the features of the
112. 3:57object-oriented programming languages
113. 3:59like the data
114. 4:00abstraction encapsulation inheritance
115. 4:03the use of this model was limited
116. 4:05because of its complexity
117. 4:07though initially they were considered a
118. 4:09competition to the relational database
119. 4:11now they are mainly used in specialized
120. 4:14applications only
121. 4:15like the engineering design
122. 4:17manufacturing systems
123. 4:19etc so this is about object oriented
124. 4:21databases
125. 4:23now moving on next we have interchanging
126. 4:25data on the web for
127. 4:27e-commerce www or the world wide web or
128. 4:31just
129. 4:32the web is a large network of
130. 4:34interconnected computers
131. 4:36here the users can create documents
132. 4:38using html or the hypertext markup
133. 4:41language
134. 4:42and store these documents on web servers
135. 4:45so that other users or the web clients
136. 4:48can access these
137. 4:49documents and these documents can be
138. 4:52linked
139. 4:52together to other documents through
140. 4:54pointers called as
141. 4:56hyperlinks e-commerce or the electronic
142. 4:59commas in the 1990s
143. 5:01emerged as the major web application
144. 5:04information on the e-commerce web pages
145. 5:07were data
146. 5:08that were dynamically extracted from the
147. 5:10dbms when required
148. 5:12so here there was an interchange of data
149. 5:14between the web and the database
150. 5:17now xml or the extended markup language
151. 5:20is considered as the primary standard
152. 5:22for interchange of data between the web
153. 5:25page and the databases
154. 5:27and so this is about interchanging data
155. 5:29on the web
156. 5:30for e-commerce next let us discuss about
157. 5:33extending database capabilities for new
158. 5:37applications some concepts of the
159. 5:39traditional database applications were
160. 5:42used by the developers of
161. 5:43other types of applications that were
162. 5:45developed later
163. 5:47now let's go through few examples of
164. 5:49database applications
165. 5:51the first one is the scientific
166. 5:52applications that were used to store
167. 5:55large amounts of data or the results
168. 5:57from these scientific experiments the
169. 6:00next type of database application is for
170. 6:02storage
171. 6:03and retrieval of images like the x-rays
172. 6:06mri etc next we have storage and
173. 6:09retrieval of videos
174. 6:11and then data mining applications to
175. 6:14analyze
176. 6:14large amounts of data another example
177. 6:17would be the spatial
178. 6:18applications that store geographic data
179. 6:21like the weather information
180. 6:22next the time series applications that
181. 6:25store data at regular points in time
182. 6:28like for example the daily sales
183. 6:30information
184. 6:31the basic relational model were not
185. 6:33suitable for these
186. 6:35applications that we just discussed
187. 6:37because of one or more of the following
188. 6:39reasons
189. 6:40the first one is more complex data
190. 6:43structures
191. 6:43where needed for these applications
192. 6:46secondly
193. 6:47new data types were required next
194. 6:50new query language was necessary to
195. 6:53manipulate these new
196. 6:54data types and finally new storage
197. 6:57and indexing techniques were needed for
198. 6:59these applications
199. 7:01since the basic relational system was
200. 7:03not suitable
201. 7:04that led the dbms developers to add
202. 7:07functionalities to their systems
203. 7:09some functionality was like
204. 7:11incorporating concepts from
205. 7:12object-oriented databases into the
206. 7:15relational systems
207. 7:16and other functionality was in the form
208. 7:18of modules that are
209. 7:19optional like for example we just saw
210. 7:22that the time series applications
211. 7:24store information at regular points in
212. 7:26time like for example the daily sales
213. 7:29information so users could buy a time
214. 7:31series module to use with their
215. 7:33relational databases for their time
216. 7:35series
217. 7:36application because we just learned that
218. 7:38the basic relational systems are not
219. 7:40very suitable for many of these
220. 7:42applications so we get them in the form
221. 7:45of modules to use with the relational
222. 7:47databases and that is about extending
223. 7:50database capabilities
224. 7:52for new applications with this we come
225. 7:55to the end of this video
226. 7:57hope you have understood the brief
227. 7:58historical overview of the database
228. 8:01applications
229. 8:02and how these applications provided a
230. 8:05stimuli
231. 8:05for new types of database systems thank
232. 8:10you
233. 8:12[Music]
234. 8:20you