History of Computers | From 1930 to Present — Transcript

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1. 0:00The history of the computer dates back to the 1800's,
2. 0:03when many scientists began to develop various computing machines.
3. 0:07However, the modern computer was developed in the 1930's,
4. 0:11when Konrad Zuse created the first programmable computer, the Z1.
5. 0:15Which could do additions and subtractions very quickly.
6. 0:18In 1941, he created the Z3, known as the world's oldest digital computer.
7. 0:24Unfortunately, the computer was destroyed during World War II,
8. 0:27but later, in 1950, Konrad Zuse launched the Z4, the world's first commercial digital computer.
9. 0:33Another important moment in the history and evolution of the computer was also in 1941,
10. 0:39when J.V. Atanasoff, a physics and math teacher,
11. 0:42and his student, Clifford Berry, designed a computer that could solve 29 equations simultaneously.
12. 0:48However, Atanasoff-Berry Computer was the first computer capable of storing data in its memory.
13. 0:53In 1944, the Harvard Mark-1 / Colossus was inaugurated,
14. 0:59a huge computer that occupies an entire room.
15. 1:02It was used during World War II to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis.
16. 1:07Colossus offered immediate solutions and it is believed that its use significantly shortened the duration of the war.
17. 1:14Another computer that stood out at the time was the ENIAC,
18. 1:17created by John Mauchly and Presper Eckert.
19. 1:20The computer was created for ballistic analysis, used by the military during World War II.
20. 1:25ENIAC occupied a room of 1500 square meters,
21. 1:28weighing 30 tons and had 6000 switches and 18,000 vacuum tubes.
22. 1:33A few years later, the two built UNIVAC,
23. 1:36the first commercial computer for business and government applications.
24. 1:40Another important step in the evolution of computers was the time when transistors replaced vacuum tubes.
25. 1:46Thus, in 1953, the first prototype computer with transistors was created, "Manchester TC".
26. 1:54In 1953, Grace Hopper developed the first computer language, called COBOL.
27. 1:59At the same time, IBM created its first computer, called the IBM 701.
28. 2:04In the early 1960's, IBM launched the 7000 series of mainframe computers that used transistors.
29. 2:11The 7030 model, also called Stretch, was part of this series,
30. 2:15with nine such computers being sold to scientific laboratories.
31. 2:19The technologies used for this computer
32. 2:21led to the development of the IBM 360, IMB's most successful series of computers.
33. 2:27Slowly, the evolution of the computer was approaching what we know today to be.
34. 2:31In 1965, Program 101 was the first desktop computer sold to the general public.
35. 2:37It cost $3200, was the size of a typewriter, had 37 keys and a built-in printer.
36. 2:43At the same time, the world's first 16-bit commercial microcomputer, the DDP-116, was developed and sold for $28,500.
37. 2:53The year 1970 is marked by Intel, which launches Intel 1103, the first dynamic access memory chip, DRAM.
38. 3:03A year later, IMB invented the floppy disk, which allows data to be shared between computers.
39. 3:08Now, who hasn't heard of Altair 8800?!
40. 3:11It was launched in 1975 and used the BASIC programming language, developed by Bill Gates and Paul Allen.
41. 3:18Altair 8800 was very popular computer, being the model that invented the term "personal computer".
42. 3:25In 1976, Apple appeared on the computer market with the Apple I,
43. 3:30the first computer with a single-circuit board and ROM, to which you had to add a keyboard, a power supply and a case.
44. 3:37A year later, they launched Apple II, which was a great success.
45. 3:41It was an 8-bit computer and came with a switching power supply,
46. 3:44keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and a box containing the Breakout game.
47. 3:50In 1981, IBM launched the first IBM PC, officially known as the IBM Model 5150.
48. 3:57It was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor
49. 4:02and used the Microsoft MS-DOS operating system.
50. 4:06This was the computer that revolutionized the development of computers,
51. 4:09being cloned on a large scale and thus generating the creation of many software and peripherals.
52. 4:16Apple launched Apple Lisa in 1983,
53. 4:19the first personal computer to have a graphical user interface.
54. 4:22It had a drop-down menu and icons, a Motorola 68000 microprocessor,
55. 4:281 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black and white monitor, dual floppy disk drives, and a 5 MB hard drive.
56. 4:35A year later, Apple introduced the Macintosh,
57. 4:38the first successful computer mouse with a graphical user interface and based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor.
58. 4:46In 1984, Michael Dell created PC's Limited,
59. 4:50where he developed the first self-designed computer called the Turbo PC.
60. 4:54In the early 1990's, Dell was one of the leading computer developers.
61. 4:58In 1987, IBM released Personal System 2,
62. 5:02the first IBM system with the Intel 80386 chip.
63. 5:06The computer also came with a new operating system, OS2,
64. 5:09which for the first time allowed the use of a mouse for IBM computers.
65. 5:14The 1990s were marked by an innovation introduced by Apple.
66. 5:17Their new iMac, the 1998 G3, came with a clear, customizable case.
67. 5:23It was sold for $1,300, and included a 4GB hard drive, 32MB Ram, a CD-ROM, and a 15-inch monitor.
68. 5:32Apple also marks the 2000s.
69. 5:34In 2003, it launched the Apple G5, the most powerful Macintosh to date.
70. 5:40The computer had anodized aluminum case and was named the first true 64-bit personal computer.
71. 5:46So, in the 1990's, with the advent of the Internet, personal computers began to be widely used in all fields.
72. 5:52Gradually, computers evolved drastically, both in terms of design and performance.
73. 5:57Thus, the market for computer components began to grow more and more,
74. 6:01with users being able to create their own PC system according to their own needs.
75. 6:05Moreover, it is incredible how from computers that occupied an entire room and performed very simple actions,
76. 6:12technology has come to offer us today very small PCs
77. 6:16such as the APPLE Mac mini Desktop PC system,
78. 6:19which offers very high performance when working or doing a gaming session.
79. 6:24So, we have all the evidence that technology is not standing still,
80. 6:28but constantly evolving from day to day.
81. 6:31What do you think computers will look like in the coming years?