History of Buddhim and Jainism|| Ancient India తెలుగులో|| #history #buddhism #telugu — Transcript

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1. 0:00Hi friends, today in our video, we will
2. 0:03learn about Buddhism and Jainism
3. 0:04related to ancient India. These
4. 0:06religions, Buddhism and Jainism,
5. 0:08changed the history of India. In this
6. 0:09video, we will learn who founded these
7. 0:11religions and the reasons behind their
8. 0:13establishment. In the last video, we
9. 0:15learned about the Vedic period. If
10. 0:16anyone hasn't watched that video yet,
11. 0:18please take a look. And if you haven't
12. 0:20subscribed to our channel yet, please
13. 0:21subscribe immediately and turn on the
14. 0:22bell icon, friends. Moving on to our
15. 0:25topic, in the later Vedic period,
16. 0:27people were divided into four
17. 0:29categories: Brahmins, Kshatriyas,
18. 0:31Vaishyas, and Shudras. Back then, your
19. 0:34profession and what you were meant to
20. 0:36do were decided by the varna (caste)
21. 0:37you were born into. If you were born
22. 0:39into the Brahmin varna, you would
23. 0:40become a priest or a teacher who taught
24. 0:42the Vedas. Also, those born as Brahmins
25. 0:44received gifts in the form of offerings
26. 0:46and donations. Moreover, they did not
27. 0:48have to pay taxes to anyone.
28. 0:49Furthermore, if they committed any
29. 0:51mistakes, kings at that time would
30. 0:53reduce their punishments. These
31. 0:54Brahmins used to receive many gifts
32. 0:56from the kings. They held a lot of
33. 0:58respect in society. Similarly, if you
34. 1:00were born in the Kshatriya varna, you
35. 1:01had to fight in wars. They were also
36. 1:02responsible for collecting taxes from
37. 1:04the people there. Then came the
38. 1:05Vaishyas; those born as Vaishyas had to
39. 1:08engage in agriculture and trade. They
40. 1:09were also required to pay taxes. And
41. 1:11the Shudras; if you were born into this
42. 1:13category, you had to serve the three
43. 1:14categories mentioned above. They were
44. 1:16utilized for agriculture and various
45. 1:18other labor-intensive tasks. We
46. 1:19mentioned that sages and saints wrote
47. 1:22the Vedas in the Vedic period to
48. 1:23dictate how people should and should
49. 1:25not live, and Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and
50. 1:28Vaishyas were permitted to read those
51. 1:30texts. However, Shudras were not
52. 1:31permitted to read the Vedas. They were
53. 1:33not allowed to read the Vedas. Also,
54. 1:35they were not allowed to be in the
55. 1:36vicinity where the Vedas were being
56. 1:37recited. Because of such incidents, the
57. 1:39Shudras could not bear it. No matter
58. 1:41how hard they worked or how much talent
59. 1:42they had, there was no change in their
60. 1:44lives. Because no matter how hard they
61. 1:46worked, they were always seen as slaves
62. 1:48. Their children were also destined for
63. 1:50the same situation. Similarly, the
64. 1:51Vaishyas did not like these rules at
65. 1:53all. This is because they worked hard
66. 1:56in agriculture and trade, earned money,
67. 1:58and paid taxes. Their hard-earned money
68. 2:00would go away in the form of taxes.
69. 2:02Moreover, they did not receive the same
70. 2:03respect in society that the Brahmins
71. 2:05and Kshatriyas enjoyed. Therefore, they
72. 2:06did not like the social division at all
73. 2:08. Even the Kshatriyas did not like this
74. 2:10varna system. Because even though they
75. 2:12risked their lives in wars, they did
76. 2:14not get the same respect and status in
77. 2:16society that the Brahmins did; the
78. 2:18Brahmins received more respect and
79. 2:19gifts than all three other varnas, so
80. 2:21everyone faced difficulties due to this
81. 2:23social division. Because of such
82. 2:25reasons, 62 new religions emerged in
83. 2:27the Ganges river region around 600 BC.
84. 2:29But among these 62 religions, Buddhism
85. 2:31and Jainism changed history itself.
86. 2:33Interestingly, the founders of both
87. 2:35these religions belonged to the
88. 2:36Kshatriya varna. These two religions
89. 2:38dominated the Brahmins in society.
90. 2:40However, there are still a few more
91. 2:41reasons for the emergence of these new
92. 2:42religions. In 600 BC, Janapadas in the
93. 2:44North India region evolved into
94. 2:46Mahajanapadas. Gradually, wars began to
95. 2:48break out between the kingdoms that
96. 2:49were formed this way. Also, at that
97. 2:51time, cows and bulls were frequently
98. 2:53sacrificed, and some even killed and
99. 2:55ate them. This led to a decline in the
100. 2:57cattle population, which caused
101. 2:58significant trouble for agriculture.
102. 3:00With the shortage of cattle, many
103. 3:01people had to face problems, so
104. 3:03Buddhism and Jainism chose the path of
105. 3:05non-violence. They despised practices
106. 3:07like animal sacrifice and waging wars.
107. 3:09People of these two religions chose a
108. 3:11simple and peaceful life. People
109. 3:13preferred this life over such a life of
110. 3:16slavery. Between these two religions,
111. 3:18Jainism came first. Let us first learn
112. 3:20about the Jain religion in a bit more
113. 3:21detail. Jainism was founded by
114. 3:23Vardhamana Mahavira. He belonged to the
115. 3:26Kshatriya class. There are a total of
116. 3:2724 religious teachers (Tirthankaras) in
117. 3:29this Jain religion. Mahavira was born
118. 3:31in 540 BC in a village called
119. 3:33Kundagrama, near the city of Vaishali.
120. 3:35Mahavira’s father, Siddhartha, was a
121. 3:37Kshatriya leader. Mahavira’s
122. 3:39mother’s name was Trishala.
123. 3:40Vardhamana Mahavira’s parents passed
124. 3:42away when he was 30 years old. He then
125. 3:45left his home and traveled across the
126. 3:47country for 12 years. At the age of 42,
127. 3:49he attained complete knowledge under a
128. 3:52Sal tree in Jambikagrama. He passed
129. 3:54away in 468 BC in the village of
130. 3:56Pavapuri. At the time of his death, he
131. 3:59was 72 years old. There are mainly four
132. 4:01principles in this Jain religion.
133. 4:03Non-violence: one should not commit
134. 4:04violence. Truth: one should speak the
135. 4:05truth. Asteya: one should not steal.
136. 4:07Aparigraha: one should not accumulate
137. 4:09property. The Jain religion gave great
138. 4:11importance to animals. This Jain
139. 4:12religion was taught in the Prakrit
140. 4:14language, which was spoken by the
141. 4:15common people at that time. These Jains
142. 4:17are also called monks. There were 23
143. 4:19religious teachers in Jainism before
144. 4:21Mahavira. Those who came before
145. 4:23Mahavira told the followers of Jainism
146. 4:25to wear clothes. But Mahavira told them
147. 4:28not to wear any clothes. Because of
148. 4:30this, Jainism was divided into two
149. 4:31parts. Those who wore white clothes
150. 4:33were called Shvetambaras, and those who
151. 4:35wore no clothes were called Digambaras.
152. 4:37This Jain religion aimed to stay away
153. 4:38from sorrows and sufferings. Every Jain
154. 4:41must follow the rules called the '
155. 4:42Triratnas,' which are: right faith,
156. 4:44right knowledge, and right conduct.
157. 4:46That is, the Jains believe that by
158. 4:48having faith in the teachings of the
159. 4:49Tirthankaras, understanding them, and
160. 4:51following them, every Jain attains
161. 4:53salvation. However, because of the
162. 4:55excessive importance given to
163. 4:56non-violence, the Jain religion
164. 4:58declined. In those days, when people
165. 5:00were unwell, they used chemicals made
166. 5:02from plants as medicine. But the Jain
167. 5:04religion says that plants also have
168. 5:06life, so they should not be harmed, and
169. 5:08medicine should not be used. Such
170. 5:10practices were not at all liked by the
171. 5:11common people. Jainism caused many
172. 5:13changes in the fields of religion,
173. 5:15literature, and architecture in India.
174. 5:17Especially dynasties like the Mauryas
175. 5:19under Chandragupta, the Kharavela,
176. 5:21Kadambas, Gangas, Chalukyas, and
177. 5:22Rashtrakutas adopted Jainism and built
178. 5:25many Jain temples. They patronized
179. 5:26poets and worked for the development of
180. 5:28Jain literature. Konagondla in the
181. 5:30Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh
182. 5:31and Kolanupaka in the Nalgonda district
183. 5:33of Telangana are famous as great Jain
184. 5:35centers. Next, let’s learn about
185. 5:37Buddhism. Buddhism is one of the major
186. 5:39religions that emerged in India around
187. 5:41600 BC. It was founded by Gautama
188. 5:43Buddha. Buddhism provided immense
189. 5:45services to the fields of Indian
190. 5:46literature and architecture. This
191. 5:48religion gradually gained recognition
192. 5:50worldwide. Gautama Buddha’s original
193. 5:51name was Siddhartha. He belonged to the
194. 5:53Shakya clan of the kingdom of
195. 5:54Kapilavastu. His father’s name was
196. 5:56Suddhodana. His mother was Mahadevi,
197. 5:58and he was born in 563 BC in the
198. 5:59Lumbini grove, in present-day Nepal.
199. 6:01His mother passed away seven days after
200. 6:03he was born. After his mother's death,
201. 6:05he was raised by his stepmother,
202. 6:06Prajapati Gautami. He received the name
203. 6:09Gautama Buddha based on her name. He
204. 6:11married Yashodhara when he was 19 years
205. 6:14old. Their son was Rahul. One day,
206. 6:17while traveling through the city of
207. 6:19Kapilavastu, Buddha saw an old man, a
208. 6:22sick person, a corpse, and a monk.
209. 6:25These four scenes brought a change to
210. 6:27his thinking. He realized from the
211. 6:28first three scenes that life is full of
212. 6:30sorrow. He observed that the monk was
213. 6:32very happy, sharing his knowledge with
214. 6:35everyone. At the age of 29, he left
215. 6:37home to learn how to achieve a life
216. 6:39free of sorrow. Leaving home in search
217. 6:42of the truth is called
218. 6:43Mahabhinishkramana. With the help of
219. 6:45his charioteer Channa, he went to the
220. 6:47forest and sent his royal clothes and
221. 6:48jewelry back to his father. Later, he
222. 6:51traveled to various regions and studied
223. 6:53under many teachers. At the age of 35,
224. 6:55he attained enlightenment after 40 days
225. 6:57of meditation under a Pipal tree in the
226. 6:59Gaya region of present-day Bihar. The
227. 7:02act of meditating under a Pipal tree
228. 7:03for 40 days to attain knowledge is
229. 7:05called Sambodhi. After attaining
230. 7:07Sambodhi, Siddhartha became Buddha, the
231. 7:09place became Bodh Gaya, and the tree
232. 7:10was called the Bodhi tree. After
233. 7:12attaining enlightenment, Gautama Buddha
234. 7:14gave his first sermon to his five
235. 7:16former companions in Varanasi,
236. 7:17present-day Uttar Pradesh. This is
237. 7:19known as Dharma Chakra Pravartana. The
238. 7:21eight principles taught by the Buddha
239. 7:22for the removal of sorrow and the
240. 7:24attainment of salvation are called the
241. 7:25Eightfold Path. To end sorrow and
242. 7:27desires, one must follow these. Right
243. 7:29Understanding, Right Resolve, Right
244. 7:31Speech, Right Action, Right Living,
245. 7:34Right Effort, Right Thought, and Right
246. 7:36Self-Concentration; the teachings or
247. 7:38Buddhist principles are called the
248. 7:41Noble Truths. Gautama Buddha preached
249. 7:44four main principles. The world is full
250. 7:47of sorrow. Desire is the root cause of
251. 7:51all sorrow. Sorrow can be conquered by
252. 7:54conquering desire. Desire can be
253. 7:58conquered by following the Eightfold
254. 8:01Path. Buddha taught that salvation does
255. 8:03not come from sacrifices, that caste
256. 8:05discrimination should not be practiced,
257. 8:07that there should be no violence, and
258. 8:09that one should not lie, engage in
259. 8:11corruption, or seize others 'property.
260. 8:13He visited kingdoms like Kashi, Magadha
261. 8:15, Kapilavastu, and Vaishali, spread his
262. 8:18Dharma, and organized his followers
263. 8:19into a Buddhist Sangha. In 483 BC, at
264. 8:22the age of 80, he passed away under a
265. 8:25Sal tree in Kushinagar, present-day
266. 8:27Uttar Pradesh. Just like in Jainism,
267. 8:29the three jewels are mentioned in
268. 8:31Buddhism as well. The Three Jewels are
269. 8:33known as Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha. In
270. 8:35Buddhist traditions, these are referred
271. 8:38to as Buddham Saranam Gacchami, Dhammam
272. 8:40Saranam Gacchami, and Sangham Saranam
273. 8:42Gacchami. Every Buddhist must follow
274. 8:44these. This Buddhist religion was
275. 8:46taught in the Pali language. Long after
276. 8:48, Buddhism split into two branches.
277. 8:50Hinayana Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism
278. 8:52; the difference between them is that
279. 8:54Hinayanists considered Buddha a normal
280. 8:56human. Mahayanists believed in and
281. 8:58worshipped Buddha as a God. Buddhism
282. 9:00made an immense contribution to the
283. 9:02literature and architecture of India.
284. 9:04It gained popularity worldwide. Due to
285. 9:07rulers like Ashoka and Kanishka,
286. 9:08Buddhism spread to countries like Sri
287. 9:10Lanka, Burma, Japan, China, and Tibet.
288. 9:13Since much of the evidence related to
289. 9:15Buddhism was in Bihar, it was called
290. 9:16the land of Viharas. However, like
291. 9:18Jainism, Buddhism could not remain
292. 9:20permanently in India. By 1280, Buddhism
293. 9:23had disappeared from India. There are
294. 9:25many reasons for this. Buddhists
295. 9:27abandoned the common language of Pali
296. 9:29and, like the Brahmins, began accepting
297. 9:31gifts from devotees, gradually becoming
298. 9:33accustomed to luxuries. They began
299. 9:35doing exactly what Buddha had forbidden
300. 9:37. For reasons like these, by 1200 AD,
301. 9:39Buddhism vanished from our country.
302. 9:42That’s all for today's video, friends
303. 9:43. In this video, we learned about
304. 9:45Buddhism and Jainism. In the next video
305. 9:46, we will learn about the Mahajanapadas
306. 9:48. If you liked this video, subscribe to
307. 9:50our channel now and turn on the bell
308. 9:52icon, friends. See you again in the
309. 9:55next video.