HISTORY FOR SSC EXAMS 2025 | ADVENT OF EUROPEANS | FRB 2.0 BY PARMAR SSC — Transcript

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1. 0:00So Hello everyone and welcome to the new lecture of FRB 2.0 in which from today we
2. 0:06are going to start a new subject and that is History. As I
3. 0:10told you we will start with Modern History in History. We
4. 0:13will also do Ancient History. But first of all we will start with Modern History.
5. 0:16Considering the Modern History. And secondly, the way we
6. 0:22completed Geography, Chemistry, Polity, Biology together, two subjects each. In the same way we
7. 0:26are not going to do History and any other subject. We
8. 0:30are going to do only History. Till the time History is not finished, we won't be picking up other subjects.
9. 0:34Our remaining is Statistics. Our remaining is Physics. Our remaining is Economics.
10. 0:38We have to do that too. And that is our target that we have to finish it by 30th of July
11. 0:43. Plus as I told you about yesterday's video too. Firstly,
12. 0:48I am starting a new series for railway students.
13. 0:52I am only going to cover the new and good questions that have come in the NTPC answer key,
14. 0:56not all the questions. So if you want to see
15. 1:00that series, you should see which new set of questions have come
16. 1:03because new set of questions means good set of questions, good means tough
17. 1:06questions which we don't read often, we will cover those questions
18. 1:11because a lot of questions have been asked in NTPC, there are a lot of them, and
19. 1:15the second thing is that many of you keep saying that Sir
20. 1:21, important articles, important amendments, important cases, so
21. 1:25I will upload these videos in short chunks in between when I
22. 1:28get time. Okay? I will keep it in it as if I have
23. 1:33uploaded the video. You will definitely get the PDF. In a good format. So that you
24. 1:36can revise it anytime. If not, then we will also make a small quiz for it
25. 1:39. So that you can practice it immediately, that yes, did
26. 1:43you understand the topic or not. Isn't it? So the rest of the topics that are going on in my mind right now
27. 1:47are one important one like amendment, maybe
28. 1:51today itself I will give you a video on important amendments, after this,
29. 1:56important cases like ours are important articles, if you
30. 2:00have any topic in your mind and you feel that sir please give a video on this in short,
31. 2:04okay, so that things get summarized, then you tell me, okay, let's start, today
32. 2:09's topic is Advent of Europeans, that is, the arrival of Europeans in India, okay,
33. 2:13where did it go in Hindi? Here it is. Okay? This is the arrival of Europeans in Hindi.
34. 2:18Which Portuguese, which European powers came to India first? The Portuguese came
35. 2:22. Vasco da Gama was the first to come in 1498. Okay? Columbus also set out
36. 2:29to discover India. But we will not say that Vasco da Gama
37. 2:33discovered India. Then Columbus set out to discover India. We will rather say
38. 2:37that he discovered the sea route to India. It is not that India
39. 2:41did not exist before. He discovered it. Okay? So the Portuguese Vasco
40. 2:46da Gama first came to Calcutta in 1498 and the king of this place, Zamorin,
41. 2:49welcomed him. He discovered the sea route to India. He came again but
42. 2:53Zamorin did not welcome him as much that time and there were some clashes between them
43. 2:57. Anyway, since we are revising,
44. 3:00we are going to go into as much depth. Okay? We will go into depth. After some time when our CG etc.
45. 3:05will be over and when the next batch starts, we will again go into depth there. Not now.
46. 3:08In 1505, Francisco de Almeida, who was the first Portuguese Viceroy,
47. 3:13started the Blue Water Policy which is also called the Carthage System. In 1509, Alfaso de
48. 3:18Albeik abolished Sati for the first time and he also captured Goa.
49. 3:23Okay? When we read history, in medieval history, when we come to Vijayanagar, then
50. 3:28the Portuguese will be mentioned. Where the Portuguese were given a fort by KDR.
51. 3:32A fort was given in Bhatkal. But for now, you just have to remember that Vascotagama
52. 3:35was the first. He brought the Blue Water Policy and Albeik abolished Sati
53. 3:40and captured Goa. Then those who came after him were the Dutch. Who are the Dutch?
54. 3:45We call the people of Netherlands as Dutch. Okay? People of Netherlands.
55. 3:50The first factory they established
56. 3:53was in 1605 in Masulipatnam, also known as Machilipatnam, which
57. 3:57is in Andhra Pradesh. Then the next ones who came were the British. British East India
58. 4:01Company. Now as they had come, it must have been the Dutch East India Company. The French also
59. 4:06came later, the British came last, so their East India Company
60. 4:09was also like this, the English East India Company was established in 1599, it was established
61. 4:14and keep this in mind, we will see it later, first
62. 4:18see this, the East India Company was established in 1599, received Royal
63. 4:23Charter in 1600 from Queen Elizabeth, the Queen of Britain at that time, Queen Elizabeth I,
64. 4:27gave them a Royal Charter, meaning she gave them a monopoly that you can go and only you
65. 4:31can trade in India, okay, then in 1608 Captain William Hawkins comes
66. 4:37to Jahangir's court. Okay? But if we see, it
67. 4:43is not successful. The trade is not successful in getting concessions. William Hawkins came from a ship called Hector
68. 4:48. Then after that in 1611, he established the first temporary factory
69. 4:52. The same Masulipatnam in Andhra Pradesh where the Dutch
70. 4:56established their first factory. After that, their first permanent factory came up
71. 5:00in Surat in 1613. How did it come about? In 1612, they fought the first
72. 5:05battle with the Portuguese. It was a major battle and that battle is called
73. 5:09the Battle of Swally and they defeated the Portuguese in it and the Portuguese
74. 5:13were in a way subdued here. That means the British had in a way sidelined the Portuguese
75. 5:18. Sidelined them. That doesn’t mean that the Portuguese had completely left India
76. 5:22. Because you should know that the Portuguese were the first to come to India and were the last to
77. 5:27leave India. Do you know that we chased them away in 1961. Okay?
78. 5:34Police action was carried out through police action so that they
79. 5:39were driven away from Daman and Goa region. Okay? So this
80. 5:44battle of Sali happened in 1612. Between the British and the Portuguese. In 1613,
81. 5:48their first factory was established in Surat. Where did it grow? It
82. 5:52grew right there in Surat. So, it means that earlier the Portuguese were sitting there. They were not allowing them.
83. 5:55And allow in the sense that the British had to face resistance from the Portuguese,
84. 6:00after losing, that means after defeating them, a permanent factory was established in Surat
85. 6:03and in 1615, Thomas Roe, who was a Britisher, came to Jahangir's court and he was
86. 6:09successful in taking the trade concession. In 1615, Thomas Roe, William Hawkes
87. 6:15was not that successful, Thomas Roe was successful after that comes the Battle of Chasura, now we will see
88. 6:20how the British sidelined everybody one by one, not
89. 6:24only the other European princes but also
90. 6:30the kings of all the important kingdoms, be it Bengal, Karnataka region, your Awadh
91. 6:37region or your Marathas, how they
92. 6:41sidelined everyone one by one, be it the Sikh Kingdom, we will see in this lecture. How did
93. 6:46the British emerge here? Because they all came here because we saw that first the Portuguese
94. 6:49came and touched, then the British and then the French came. Their
95. 6:54first factory was established in Surat in 1668. But finally, what we know is that
96. 6:58we ruled our India subcontinent, that was done by the British. So how did they do it?
97. 7:03We are seeing here how the expansion happened. So first of all, we saw
98. 7:06how the Portuguese were sidelined. Now it was the turn of the Dutch. The Dutch were also not able to do much.
99. 7:11The Dutch were more interested in Indonesia and this region. Okay? So
100. 7:16in 1759, they defeated the Dutch, which is called the Battle of Bidera or Battle of
101. 7:20Hooghly. Hooghly, you know, we have read in geography that this is the Ganges. Then the Ganges
102. 7:24gets divided into Hooghly at a place called Farakka. Okay? And Farakka, please
103. 7:28recall. When was the Farakka Agreement signed between India and Bangladesh? You
104. 7:32have to tell in the comments. Then let's come to the Kinetic Wars. So we
105. 7:36sidelined the Portuguese. We sidelined the Dutch. Now it is the turn of the French. The main
106. 7:41resistance that the British had to face was from the French.
107. 7:45The French were the major power in India. But it was not like this after the Kinetic War.
108. 7:51There have been three Kinetic Wars. The first one was between 1744 and 1748. Actually it was an
109. 7:56extension of the Austrian War of Succession. What was there in Europe? Wars were going on.
110. 8:02I will write here in Europe.
111. 8:08This did not become the Austrian War of Australia. Austria. Okay? Austrian War of Succession.
112. 8:14Meaning there were wars going on between them in Europe to capture Austria.
113. 8:19Not in India, but in Europe. So now imagine that someone like you and
114. 8:24Your friend is fighting. Okay? Now, for example, let's assume
115. 8:29that there is a fight going on between you and your friend's father. They had a fight yesterday
116. 8:33. Now you should remember it as if you and your neighbor are yours. Okay? So, there
117. 8:38will be a fight between your father and the boy's father,
118. 8:42there will be a fight between you and his father somewhere. Okay? Now it
119. 8:46is obvious that the relations between you and him will not be good. You will also
120. 8:49keep fighting and will meet somewhere. So, it is the same thing. The war was going on in Europe. But it
121. 8:52had an extension in India and it ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
122. 8:56If we see this, it was mainly slightly inclined towards the French. Keep this thing
123. 9:00in mind. The First Anglo-American War ended with the Treaty of Aix-la
124. 9:04-Chapelle. Keep one more thing in mind that there
125. 9:08was a Battle of St. Thomas here. The Battle of St. Thomas was a part of this. Between whom did it happen? He
126. 9:12was the king of Carnatic. Don't mistake Kinetic for Karnataka. This is Kanetic, the Coromandel
127. 9:16Coast, we call it Kanetic. So, this is the region of Kanetic, the Nawab here
128. 9:21was Anwaruddin. Okay? And at the same time, it happened between the French forces.
129. 9:26And the French forces won here. Keep this in mind. Okay? So the Kinetic region
130. 9:29, this part of yours between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal, will come
131. 9:35in it. Okay? Then comes our second Kinetic War. It ended, it is
132. 9:40also known as the Battle of Amber. Actually it is not known as the Battle of Amber but the Battle of
133. 9:44Amber was a part of the Second Anglo Kinetic War. It happened in 1749 itself. And
134. 9:48it ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry. Then if we talk about the Third Anglo-Kinetic War,
135. 9:53it happened between 1756 and 1763. Now, here we have said that it is not a non-age
136. 9:59here either. Okay? Actually, this Battle of Wandi Wash was a part of
137. 10:03which happened in 1760, which is also called the Battle of Wandiwashi. Okay?
138. 10:08So the British defeated the French. Here the French won.
139. 10:12It was a kind of tie. And here the British won. And they
140. 10:16defeated the French and captured Pondicherry. And it ended with the Treaty of
141. 10:21Paris. It ended with the Treaty of Paris which was signed in Paris. So, it means that
142. 10:25there was an agreement between these people that okay friend in India, that is,
143. 10:28the British told the French that you should not capture India. Okay? We will do it in India
144. 10:32and you can do the rest of the territory. So this is how the Treaty
145. 10:36of Paris was signed. Due to which the French were kind of subdued by the
146. 10:41British. Who led what? So remember
147. 10:45the British forces in the Third Kinetic War. The third one is important because here
148. 10:50the British forces were led by Sir Eyre Coote and the French forces were led by Coote
149. 10:55Lally. So remember this way, Lally was subdued. Who? The British.
150. 10:59You can remember by doing this. Then comes Bengal. Now from here important things
151. 11:02start. It is not possible that they will
152. 11:06not ask you about the Battle of Plassey or the Battle of Buxar. No matter who
153. 11:11takes your exam, no matter who the Wonder Tender is. But they will definitely ask
154. 11:15you about these battles. Okay? So what was the scene going on in Bengal? So actually there is Bengal, Awadh
155. 11:19and Hyderabad. These three separate independent kingdoms emerged after
156. 11:24the decline of the Mughals. So the first Nawab of Bengal was Murshid Quli Khan.
157. 11:30Okay? At that time, after 1717,
158. 11:37sorry. So, at that time, it was in 1717 that Farooq Siyar issued a Golden Farman
159. 11:44in 1717 under which the British were allowed to do tax-free trade
160. 11:51. They can do duty-free trade in the Bengal region and at the same time, they
161. 11:55can also issue Dastaks. Dastaks are a kind of passes. Okay? They can issue them too.
162. 11:59Then the workers of the company started misusing them. Okay? So
163. 12:04this Golden Farman becomes the main reason why the Battle of Plassey takes place and
164. 12:10then why the Battle of Buxar takes place after that because the first Nawab was Murshid Quli Khan,
165. 12:14many years after that, a Nawab comes whose name was Ali Vardi Khan,
166. 12:19now this Ali Vardi Khan, the grandson of Ali Vardi Khan, his name was
167. 12:26Siraj-ud-Daulah, it is written wrong here,
168. 12:32Siraj-ud-Daulah was his name. So he said to the British, brother look, the Golden
169. 12:37Farman was issued by Farukhia in 1717, now we are 40 years after that.
170. 12:42Yes. Farooq Siyar is no more, so start paying taxes as per rules.
171. 12:46The Britishers did not like this. And
172. 12:50what did the Britishers do about Fort William? They started fortifying it, i.e. building walls etc.
173. 12:54and encircling it. All that was under Siraj-ud-Daulah's kingdom. And fortification started inside his kingdom
174. 12:59without his permission. He got angry. What did he do?
175. 13:03It is said that brother, whoever was his fort, went there. All the Britishers
176. 13:08who could escape, all escaped. The rest were locked up and the convoys died due to
177. 13:13suffocation . They died, which is called the Black Hole Tragedy. The dungeon
178. 13:18incident takes place in Fort William. Robert Live got connected to this. And where did Robert Live
179. 13:21come from? In Bengal. And he took the help of Mir Jafar. Whose help did he take? Mir
180. 13:27Jafar. Mir Jafar was the Governor General of Siraj-ud-Daulah. The British Robert Clive offered
181. 13:34Mir Jafar that if he helps us
182. 13:37defeat Siraj-ud-Daulah, we will make you the Nawab of Bengal. And
183. 13:42what did Mir Jafar do? He betrayed Siraj-ud-Daulah and went to the British side. And finally
184. 13:46this is the result. Daula loses. The British win. And
185. 13:51remember, from here the supremacy of the British develops in the Indian
186. 13:57subcontinent. Remember, if you are asked a question that asks which
187. 14:01battle led to the development of British supremacy, then from the Battle of Plassey. Then
188. 14:06what happened after this was that Mir Jafar was not proving to be able. So
189. 14:11the British made Mir Qasim the Nawab of Bengal and said, brother, now you become the Nawab of Bengal. Okay. But Mir Qasim
190. 14:16turned out to be a little smart. The Nawab of Bengal, Nawab of Awadh, was himself the Nawab of Bengal
191. 14:20. The Nawab of Avadh, Shah sorry Shaja-ud-Daulah and the Mughal ruler of that time,
192. 14:26Shah Alam, these three became strong. Is it right? That all three together will defeat the British
193. 14:30. Because all three were angry. All three were completely suppressed by the British.
194. 14:35They fought the war against the British. But Hector Munro was leading the British
195. 14:38forces. Who was leading in the Battle of Plassey? I had just written that it was
196. 14:42Robert Clive. Robert Clive was leading. Who is leading here?
197. 14:47Hector Munro is leading here. Is it right? But keep in mind that
198. 14:51who was the Governor of Bengal at that time? So the Governor of Bengal was Vansi Tat.
199. 14:56Who was there? In the Battle of Plassey, Clive was there. Clive was the Governor of Bengal.
200. 15:01He was also leading the British forces. Here, Mansit was the Governor.
201. 15:05Who was leading? Hector Munro was leading. But after this, when did this battle happen?
202. 15:10This happened in 1764 and after this the Allahabad treaty was signed in 1765 where
203. 15:17separate treaties were signed with
204. 15:22Shah Alam II who was the Mughal at that time and Shuja-ud-Daula who was the Nawab of Awadh at that time
205. 15:30by the British and this treaty was signed by Robert Clive. Remember who led it, Munro,
206. 15:35who was the governor, Van Sith Swettle of Allahabad. Who signed the treaty, Robert
207. 15:40Clive got it done. What happened in the treaty here? So Shuja-ud-Daula, who was
208. 15:45the Nawab of Awadh. He was told that Allahabad is okay? And hand over the prison
209. 15:52to the Mughals. First thing. Second thing, give it for ₹50 lakhs. Why? Because you
210. 15:58fought this war against us. We did not fight. You were the one who was angry. So our
211. 16:02expenses were so much. Pay us the expenses. Okay? Then the second TT was signed and Shah Alam
212. 16:07said to him that brother, the Diwani rights, that is, the right to collect the revenue of
213. 16:12Bengal, Bihar and Osa,
214. 16:19okay, we will take over the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Osa and
215. 16:25will just make an annual payment of ₹26 lakhs to you, okay, along with the Nizamat functions,
216. 16:31what are these, you should assume that you have taken the Diwani rights here, okay? Diwani
217. 16:36rights and Nizamat functions, Nizamat means the police functions, those
218. 16:40Nizamat functions will be performed by the British only. But for that, the Mughal
219. 16:47will have to pay ₹53 lakhs. Okay? To manage it. So this is called
220. 16:52dual government in Bengal. And the credit for starting this dual government in Bengal
221. 16:57goes to Clive, Robert Clive. And
222. 17:01this was ended by Warren Hastings, the credit for ending it goes to Warren Hastings. Warren Hastings
223. 17:06ended it in 1772. In 1772. This whole picture of Plassey and Buxar is clear.
224. 17:12Okay? Who won in both? The British won. Now
225. 17:16where do we come? Now let's come to Mysore. So the story of Mysore is that Mysore
226. 17:20Kingdom was here. The original rule of the Wodeyar Dynasty used to be here.
227. 17:24That there was a Hindu Shahi dynasty. But there was a military commander in it whose name was
228. 17:28Hyder Ali and that Hyder Ali was quite an able commander, so gradually he
229. 17:35replaced that entire dynasty and established his own dynasty here
230. 17:38in Mysore. So here there are four series of wars between Mysore and the British. That
231. 17:44is between the Britishers. The first war takes place between 1767 to 69.
232. 17:49And here the Mysoreans win. It ended with the Treaty of
233. 17:53Madras. If we look at the second one, Hyder Ali was leading in it too but Hyder Ali
234. 17:58died in the middle due to cancer and because of that Tipu Sultan, who
235. 18:02was his son, started leading in the middle. The second Anglo-Mysore war ended with the
236. 18:08Treaty of Mangalore. In this, Mysore won and it was a tie. And in the third one, Mysore
237. 18:13will be defeated, the defeat of Tipu Sultan and it ended with the Treaty of Sarapatnam which
238. 18:17happened in 1792. What happened after this was the fourth one,
239. 18:22now in the fourth, Tipu Sultan died. There is no treaty.
240. 18:26Tipu Sultan died and the original dynasty here was replaced here
241. 18:32. The Subsidiary Alliance was signed. Now
242. 18:36what is Subsidiary Alliance? Subsidiary Treaty. So Wellesley brought it in 1798. Actually, it
243. 18:40was the brain child of Dupleix who was a French Governor General. But it was used
244. 18:44at a good level by the British and his name was Wellesley. It was introduced in 1798.
245. 18:50Hyderabad was the first to sign it. Now what was the provision in it? Let me explain it to you a little
246. 18:53. Understand that you will not write that if any Hindu Kingdom, sorry
247. 18:58not Hindu but any Kingdom signs the Subsidiary Line, then it means
248. 19:02that a British ruler will permanently stay in its court. Its court means
249. 19:07that he can interfere in all its internal affairs. So he
250. 19:11will stay in its court. That particular ruler will have to leave his army and
251. 19:15keep the British army. He will have to keep the British army
252. 19:18because they are more capable. Okay? Remove your army. Plus he
253. 19:22cannot enter into a treaty with anyone without asking. Neither with any other ruler nor
254. 19:28with any other European power. And what will he get in return? Just security, that is,
255. 19:33if someone attacks him then the British will protect him. That was all there was
256. 19:37in the subsidiary lines. So Hyderabad was weak in 1798 and they thought that if they don't sign
257. 19:42then they will go first. Such type of situation. So Hyderabad signed.
258. 19:46Hyderabad 1798, Mysore 1799, Tanjore 1799, ah Avadh 1801, Peshawar 1802 and after this you
259. 19:54see what is written here? Mysore 1799 because if you see in 1799,
260. 19:59Tipu Sultan died. Everything ended after the Fourth Mysore. So bring Woodyar, son, come
261. 20:04Woody and sign this subsidiary line. Woodyar will not say no we
262. 20:07will not sign. It is a simple thing, we have to do it. Okay? Let's come to Marathas
263. 20:10now. And
264. 20:14okay. Just keep one thing in mind that in the Fourth Anglo Mysore War, Wellesley
265. 20:18led the British forces. Okay? Let's come to Marathas. Now
266. 20:23the first war with the Marathas was fought between 1775 and 1782. The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761.
267. 20:30The Marathas suffered a massive defeat there
268. 20:35. Okay? Due to which they started disintegrating to a great extent
269. 20:39. The Maratha Empire. The British took advantage of this. Now what was there here? A war
270. 20:45of succession as to who would become the next ruler? There
271. 20:49was a lot of internal rivalry going on for that. So there was a man named Raghunath Rao. This Raghunath Rao
272. 20:55had to become the ruler.
273. 20:58What did Raghunath Rao have to become? He had to become the ruler. Okay? But he was not able to become one.
274. 21:04So what did he do? He went to the side of the British. Okay?
275. 21:08He signed a treaty with the British which is called the Treaty of Surat. Okay? Treaty of Surat. This happened in 1765
276. 21:14and he asked them to help him win. Make us the Nawab and what will we do?
277. 21:20I mean, put us on the throne and what will we do? We will give you Salsette and Basayan.
278. 21:24Okay? We agreed. Okay? These people came. Who? The British. There was a fight. But
279. 21:30the Marathas won here. Okay? The Marathas won. So first the Marathas said,
280. 21:35son, hand him over to us. Raghunath Rao. Son Raghunath Rao, come here. Okay
281. 21:39? And they made the British sign a treaty. But Hastings was sitting here
282. 21:45. Okay? He did not like all these things, sorry Clive
283. 21:50at that time. Okay? So he did not like all these things and he left his entire Bengal.
284. 21:54He brought the British army from there. And he did not accept the treaty which
285. 21:58was signed after the First Anglo Maratha War. The war continued here again. And the final treaty which was signed
286. 22:02after the First Anglo Maratha War, you have to remember. After the First Anglo Maratha War, that was the Treaty
287. 22:07of Salbai. It was signed in 1782. So who was leading the British forces here
288. 22:12? Here, Robert Live was leading the British forces. And if
289. 22:15we talk about the Maratha forces, then Mahatji Shinde was leading them. And in your first war,
290. 22:21Nana Fadnavis also played a very big role from the Maratha side. Anyway, the second war comes
291. 22:26now. The second war starts, keep in mind that it started not ended. Okay
292. 22:29? It ended with the Treaty of Salbai. But it started, the second one started
293. 22:35with the Treaty of
294. 22:39Bassein. It started with the Treaty of
295. 22:46Bassein in 1802. It happened between 1803 and 1806. The British forces here
296. 22:51were led by Arthur Wellesley. Arthur Wellesley. And the Third War ended
297. 22:57with which treaty? The Treaty of ended with many, many
298. 23:01treaties but the main one was the Treaty of Masaur, the Treaty of Mandsaur,
299. 23:10sorry, the Treaty of Masaur, so this happened after the Third. Okay? After the Third,
300. 23:14the Treaty of Mandsaur was signed by the Holkars of Indore. The Marathas had
301. 23:20become very disintegrated. So here in the Indore region, the Holkars were there. Okay
302. 23:24? Or they were in Gwalior, I will write it here. Okay? Holkar, Scindia,
303. 23:32Gaikwad,
304. 23:35Bhosale, okay, so who all were there here? Holkar
305. 23:41in Indore, Scindia in Gwalior, were big supporters of the British. And
306. 23:48if we talk about Gaikwad, then this is the Baroda region, Baroda, and
307. 23:54if we talk about Ghosale, Nagpur, okay, this is the thing and we have seen that the
308. 24:00third one, it ended with the Treaty of Once and the second one, they played different
309. 24:04tricks and signed different treaties with everyone. Okay? Rajghat
310. 24:09signed with the Holkars of Indore. Then there was a treaty of Devgaon,
311. 24:15Devgaon. This was signed with Bhosale who was from Nagpur
312. 24:20. Okay? And I will write another treaty here, Surji.
313. 24:25Surji Anjan village.
314. 24:30This was signed with Scindia. So, different treaties were signed with everyone.
315. 24:34After the second war. The third one started, it was like the Treaty of Basine. The third one
316. 24:38started due to many reasons. One of which we call Pindri War.
317. 24:42What is Pindri War? Pindri used to be a kind of tribe. Mix of many
318. 24:46religions. There were Hindus, Muslims, Afghans, Sikhs, Jats, everyone. Okay? So they
319. 24:51used to work for the Marathas. Now the Marathas had gradually
320. 24:55come under the complete control of the British. Bajirao the Second
321. 24:59was the Peshwa at that time. Okay? So Bajirao the Second was the Peshwa at that time and he was also not happy with it.
322. 25:06Firstly, the action that was being taken against the Pindris, the Pindris were raiding
323. 25:09the British. So the British were suppressing the Pindris. Okay? They were suppressed completely
324. 25:14. So the Marathas did not like this thing. Plus
325. 25:19the British were gaining too much excessive control in the Maratha Kingdom. So the
326. 25:24Peshwa of that time did not like this Bajirao II. This is why the Third Anglo Maratha War happened. It lasted for one year from 1817
327. 25:28to 1818 and ended with the Mandsaur Treaty and nothing
328. 25:32was left here. The Marathas were completely wiped out here. The
329. 25:36Peshwas who came at that time, like Bajirao II, were sent to Bithoor in Kanpur and were told to go and
330. 25:40stay there, we will give you pension and then you can leave from here. So the entire Maratha
331. 25:44work ended here. Okay? I mean, the chieftains like the Peshwas who
332. 25:49were sitting in Pune were sent to Bithoor in Kanpur and the rest, Holkar, Bhosle,
333. 25:54Gaiwad, all of them had their own support there in support of the British, so
334. 25:57they were ruling there. Okay? Let's come to Punjab. What was
335. 26:02the situation in Punjab? So your Maharaja Ranjit Singh was ruling Punjab. There used to be 12 Misls.
336. 26:06One of them was Shukrchariya Misl. Ranjit Singh was from Shukrchariya Misl.
337. 26:10He was a very powerful ruler. Okay? So a treaty was signed in Amritsar in 1809. The Sutlej
338. 26:15river was made a boundary under which the British would live and under that,
339. 26:20sorry, under that, the Sikh Kingdom would live. These two
340. 26:26would not cross each other's boundary. That is the treaty, they would not cross the Sutlej river. So the British
341. 26:30did not do it because they knew that if they did, they would be harassed again. Ranjit Singh was very
342. 26:34powerful. So he was waiting. Maharaja Ranjit Singh died in 1839.
343. 26:38And after that one after the other, rulers changed, ruler after ruler,
344. 26:43wickets fell many times in our middle order and
345. 26:47finally this happened that the first war means what did they do here,
346. 26:53at that time it was the first Anglo Sikh war, Harding was there at that time, so what did they do, they
347. 26:59attacked, the Treaty of Lahore was signed here, okay, the Treaty of
348. 27:04Lahore was signed after the first Anglo Sikh war in 1845 and
349. 27:09it ended with the Treaty of Lahore and the Treaty of Bhairo Wal was also signed here.
350. 27:12That means it ended with the Treaty of Lahore. The Treaty of Amritsar
351. 27:17was signed in 1809 with Maharaja Ranjit Singh and it was mentioned in it that this was just a boundary made. There
352. 27:21was no war or anything. After his death, when the British saw that
353. 27:25brother, we are weak world kings, then they attacked. okay? What happened in 1846? The Battle of Aliwal
354. 27:31happened. If we look at the second Anglo Sikh war,
355. 27:36the beginning of it was the Battle of Ali Wall and the leader of the second Anglo Sikh war was
356. 27:40Dalhousie and Dalhousie completely took control of the Sikh Kingdom
357. 27:45and the Sikh Empire also came under the British rule. So
358. 27:49when did the first and second wars take place and who led at that time? If we look at it,
359. 27:55the governor was Lord Auckland, sorry Auckland will not be there, Harding
360. 28:00will be there, Auckland was there in the first Anglo Sikh war and Harding will be there and Dal Dalhousie was there.
361. 28:07If we talk about the Afghans, they fought two wars with the Afghans.
362. 28:13The first one was in 1839 and 1842 and here it
363. 28:21was not John Lawrence but Auckland. Okay? Auckland was there. Okay? So
364. 28:28what did Auckland do? Why did they attack Afghanistan? They did not have much interest in Afghanistan
365. 28:32. But the influence of Russia was increasing .
366. 28:36They thought that if Russia comes here and reaches Afghanistan, then India
367. 28:40can also be captured. Russia will come here as well. So, that is why they wanted their government in Afghanistan
368. 28:44. Okay? So, there was a Shah Shuja sitting here. They got Shah Shuja
369. 28:48dethroned and made Dost Mohammad sit. But the people there
370. 28:52were unhappy with Dost Mohammad. So, they made Dost Mohammad, that is,
371. 28:56first of all, the British who were being removed from here, were properly
372. 29:00relayed to the British there itself in Afghanistan, because of which they did
373. 29:05not talk for many years. And even John Lawrence, who came in between, okay, in
374. 29:09the 1800s, I think, from 1964 to 1969, John Lawrence was there from 1964 to 1969. He had implemented a policy called
375. 29:16the Policy of Masterly Inactivity. The policy of masterly inactivity means
376. 29:21that we
377. 29:26will not interfere in Afghan affairs. Then after that, they did it again. The second Anglo-Afghan war
378. 29:31takes place and the ruler here, i.e. the Governor General,
379. 29:35is Lytton. Okay? Lytton because the time is 1879 and the Governor
380. 29:40General at that time was of Bengal or India? Of India. Because we know, we have already read it
381. 29:44. Governor General of Bengal in 1833. Governor General of India had already been made. So
382. 29:48Lytton was the Governor General at that time, that Lytton finally means that he was the Governor General at that time, during his time,
383. 29:55the Second Anglo-Afghan War Treaty of Gandamak is signed and this too is very
384. 29:59true, no British victory is found here either and the third, the
385. 30:02final one, takes place in 1919, the Third Anglo-Afghan War, at this time you can guess
386. 30:07which voice came, we remember, in 199 the Government of India Act came,
387. 30:10which is called Montague-Chaf Reforms or Kessford Reforms. Why do we call it that
388. 30:14because Montague was the Secretary at that time and Kessford
389. 30:19was what? He was a viceroy. So that would be it. Okay? So the Afghan one is done. Plus here
390. 30:23we don't have a good Nepal one. Just keep this in mind in the Anglo Nepal War.
391. 30:28There was no Anglo Nepal series of wars. It happened between 1814 to 16.
392. 30:35And it
393. 30:42ended with the Treaty of Sugauli. The first Anglo Maratha ended with Salwai
394. 30:46and this one with Sugauli and similarly if we talk about Anglo Burmese, Burmese
395. 30:51Burm is the old name of Myanmar, so just
396. 30:56keep in mind the first one, the only important thing to keep in mind is that the first one happened
397. 31:01between 1824 to 1826 and it ended with the Treaty of Yandaboo, the Treaty of Yandaboo,
398. 31:07and the British forces here were led by Arkiba Campbell, okay, and it ended
399. 31:13with whom? With the Treaty of Yandaboo. And if the second one ever asks that
400. 31:18When did the second Anglo Burmese war start? It started in 1852. And
401. 31:22the one who was leading here, okay? When the main governor general was Dalhousie. This has to
402. 31:27be kept in mind. The rest are not that important. There was a third one too.
403. 31:31But not that important. It happened in 1885. But
404. 31:35keep in mind the first one, with whom was the treaty Yandabu signed? With Sugauli Nepal. And Salbai
405. 31:40happened after the first Anglo Maratha war. Okay? So I hope this lecture
406. 31:45was a bit complex. Okay? It was quite long too but we
407. 31:49summarized it in a very short way. So you must have understood things. It
408. 31:52is more important than understanding. You should remember things. So you have to revise again and again. Plus
409. 31:55what do you have to do? Now you have to practice questions of level one and level two from Little Boy
410. 31:59. Okay? And you have to tell your score in the comments that how much you have scored
411. 32:05. You can get this mind map from Parmar SSC Telegram channel, the link of which is
412. 32:08in the description. And as I told you in the beginning that if
413. 32:12you want short videos on any topic, then do tell me. Okay? Then I
414. 32:17will make it like this. Okay? Thank you.