Historical Sources (Readings in Philippine History) — Transcript

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1. 0:00hello good day guys now for today's
2. 0:02video lecture i'll be discussing all
3. 0:03about historical sources
4. 0:05so let's get it started so here are the
5. 0:09learning objectives for this
6. 0:10lesson so first we have to define
7. 0:12historiography
8. 0:14second provide examples of primary and
9. 0:16secondary sources
10. 0:18third compare and contrast the kinds and
11. 0:20types of historical sources
12. 0:22and lastly evaluate historical sources
13. 0:24now first things first we have to define
14. 0:26what is historiography
15. 0:27so when we talk about historiography
16. 0:29this is a type of discipline or science
17. 0:31nakai language
18. 0:32is a subject matter so defining
19. 0:34historiography it's basically the study
20. 0:37of historical writing
21. 0:38when we attempt to analyze or interpret
22. 0:41historical texts
23. 0:42or documents
24. 0:45now uh we will be analyzing documents
25. 0:48writings texts subjects no i don't know
26. 0:51so we don't just expect
27. 0:53or you know assumption not enough we
28. 0:55will just memorize about dates
29. 0:57it's too elementary so major higher
30. 0:59level
31. 1:01readings in philippine history so more
32. 1:03likely we will be focusing on analysis
33. 1:06and interpretation of text when speaking
34. 1:08about text
35. 1:09an object of analysis nothing would now
36. 1:11be sources
37. 1:12so we have a term which is now
38. 1:14historical sources now
39. 1:16to define sources sources
40. 1:19are artifacts that have been left by the
41. 1:21past so for instance
42. 1:34so basically they are considered to be
43. 1:36sources or in a format example would be
44. 1:39old books books around 16th century yuma
45. 1:43jars
46. 1:44jars during your prehistoric philippines
47. 1:48then your manga fossils could be
48. 1:49considered to be sources or your
49. 1:51treasures actually
50. 1:52now there's a specific type of source
51. 1:55called artifacts
52. 1:56so when we talk about artifacts please
53. 1:58take note that artifacts are created by
54. 2:01humans usually for practical purposes
55. 2:04now the difference between source and
56. 2:06artifacts source major geneva
57. 2:09while artifacts major specifications all
58. 2:12artifacts are considered to be sources
59. 2:14but not all sources are considered to be
60. 2:16artifacts
61. 2:18now to give an example would be fossils
62. 2:20so dinosaur fossils
63. 2:22so dinosaur fossils could be considered
64. 2:24to be a source
65. 2:25however in this apartment artifact hindi
66. 2:28naman saginamit for
67. 2:30human purpose or his for practical
68. 2:32purpose
69. 2:38[Music]
70. 2:43between source and artifacts so
71. 2:45artifacts
72. 2:47and my certain purposes and sources is
73. 2:50generally
74. 2:51gabasha surpass now let's go to the
75. 2:53types of sources
76. 2:54so we have two types primary and
77. 2:57secondary sources now please take
78. 2:59note of these two terms
79. 3:02survey readings in philippine history so
80. 3:05to define primary
81. 3:06primary source primary source is also
82. 3:08known to be original
83. 3:10source or evidence so fresh
84. 3:14historians when we talk about primary
85. 3:17source please
86. 3:18take note of the term original and first
87. 3:20hand
88. 3:21so basically these are sources now that
89. 3:24we wanted
90. 3:25so basically the document don't subtitle
91. 3:29nothing
92. 3:29nice uh we will further understand
93. 3:32primary source and secondary source
94. 3:34example so definition and when we talk
95. 3:38about secondary source
96. 3:40so it is built upon primary source
97. 3:42please take note build upon primary
98. 3:44source
99. 3:45so basically it's a tagalog
100. 3:48and probably my possible distortion so
101. 3:52tandem
102. 3:52primary source original secondary source
103. 3:55built upon
104. 3:56primary or original sources now to give
105. 3:59an example
106. 4:00example nothing would now be the
107. 4:02experiences of world war two veterans
108. 4:11so we have a diagram dito and more
109. 4:14likely we look into the stories
110. 4:18of veterans
111. 4:21or directed sahanila it is considered to
112. 4:23be primary source
113. 4:24because they experience
114. 4:31through direct narrations from the
115. 4:33veterans or they recorded their
116. 4:36experiences through diaries or published
117. 4:38it through novels
118. 4:39now instances
119. 4:53it now becomes secondary sources
120. 4:58original so secondary sources petting
121. 5:01narration
122. 5:03not the exact town and they could not
123. 5:06create documentaries or example of
124. 5:08secondary sources would not be
125. 5:10documentaries or translation of written
126. 5:12texts
127. 5:12so indiana legit
128. 5:14[Music]
129. 5:16for instance okay now to further
130. 5:19understand
131. 5:20more about primary and secondary sources
132. 5:23we look into
133. 5:24one book in the bible which is the book
134. 5:26of genesis however my question mark you
135. 5:28know
136. 5:28because a lot of scholars debated and it
137. 5:31has already been debunked by the vatican
138. 5:33that the book of genesis is a creation
139. 5:35myth
140. 5:35so indeed historically accurate
141. 5:39however for the sake of distinguishing
142. 5:41primary and secondary sources
143. 5:45and the assumed author was moses
144. 5:47principally in theology and author
145. 5:49donald genesis i see moses okay
146. 5:52now looking into the timeline on the
147. 5:54book of genesis at the end timeline
148. 5:55though
149. 5:56so queen into your creation story adam
150. 5:58and eve
151. 6:00from noah from the tower of babel
152. 6:03abraham genealogy then coming to
153. 6:07the life of moses now assuming that the
154. 6:09author is moses
155. 6:11so lahat narration from egypt up to
156. 6:14exodus
157. 6:15excessive moses is considered to be
158. 6:18primary
159. 6:19because moses actually lived during
160. 6:21those times of event
161. 6:22now from creation
162. 6:26up to abraham genealogy is considered to
163. 6:29be secondary sources
164. 6:30now tendency navigate moses or
165. 6:47then a third example would now be jose
166. 6:50so jose rizal wrote a lot of documents
167. 6:54so he wrote the diary essays
168. 6:58novels the news articles
169. 7:16to know his life and writings so the
170. 7:19academ or scholars or historians created
171. 7:21books about rizal
172. 7:23books so technically
173. 7:27secondary so i hope
174. 7:30medjool not distinguished resource and
175. 7:34secondary source
176. 7:35now moving forward we have the kinds of
177. 7:38sources so there are two kinds
178. 7:40wherein we have remains and testimonies
179. 7:47so remains could be classified as well
180. 7:49or termed as
181. 7:51relics so relic standard nothing guys
182. 7:54relics object stone so tangible objects
183. 7:57tangible artifacts
184. 7:59now when it comes to testimonies and
185. 8:01testimonies
186. 8:02it could be tangible or intangible
187. 8:06so it'll more likely objection and
188. 8:08please take note
189. 8:10relics are the dominant objects that are
190. 8:12being analyzed by archaeologists
191. 8:14now so when we talk about archaeology uh
192. 8:17if you know indiana jones
193. 8:18i hope you're watching janna jones for
194. 8:20those who who like controversies
195. 8:23and action movies
196. 8:30however treasure hunting and archaeology
197. 8:32may
198. 8:33similarities they look for material
199. 8:35remains
200. 8:36from the past artifacts however the
201. 8:39difference between a treasure hunter and
202. 8:41an archaeologist a treasure hunter
203. 8:43is somehow looting in hanapini for
204. 8:45manitoba value
205. 8:46on the other hand an archaeology
206. 8:48basically looks into the value of
207. 8:50the relic so talking about relic on your
208. 8:53origin and in purpose
209. 8:56discover yeah now to give an example all
210. 8:59about relics and remin
211. 9:00uh we have human fossils in the
212. 9:02philippines
213. 9:04so um analyze would be prehistoric
214. 9:06philippines
215. 9:08now lately not bloom young philippine
216. 9:10archaeology
217. 9:11because of certain findings of pilipinas
218. 9:14and it could alter philippine history
219. 9:17why because
220. 9:18dominant approach or in dominant theory
221. 9:20when it comes to prehistoric philippines
222. 9:22is young few theory on migration
223. 9:26if you have an idea all about the theory
224. 9:28on migration principles and
225. 9:30outlay bayer so you see outlay bayer
226. 9:32basically is
227. 9:33your ancestor in wha were my grants
228. 9:37so speaking about migrants my tatlong
229. 9:39waves negrito
230. 9:41indones then malays at union again
231. 9:43dominant approach
232. 9:45textbooks however looking into this
233. 9:49discoveries it could alter the theory on
234. 9:51migration
235. 9:52and it could alter philippine history
236. 9:54panel to give you a timeline
237. 9:58sorry to give you a timeline muna okay
238. 10:01uh the first famous discovery was around
239. 10:04the year 1999 so
240. 10:05on the tab on cave they have discovered
241. 10:08the tabon man
242. 10:10so it is part of a skull then some jaw
243. 10:14then when they carbon dated it
244. 10:26theory of migration and that could that
245. 10:29could now support jungle and bridge
246. 10:30theory now that
247. 10:32the philippines has a connection to
248. 10:33mainland asia
249. 10:36now a further discovery was around 2003
250. 10:40now
251. 10:40so sakala cave
252. 10:44and when the carbon dated kalama the
253. 10:46malabasa around 67
254. 10:48000 years not existing and around 2018
255. 10:52forensic archaeologists or simply
256. 10:54scientists
257. 10:56discovered or declared that the kaloman
258. 10:58fossil
259. 10:59is a new human species and they have
260. 11:02named it as homo luzonensis
261. 11:04[Music]
262. 11:06so these are part of the phalanges in
263. 11:09science or in biology phalanges
264. 11:11are basically bone snappings of feet
265. 11:17and a recent discovery around 2017
266. 11:21they have now discovered some rhino
267. 11:23fossils now when they carbon dated those
268. 11:26rhino
269. 11:27fossils around seven hundred nine
270. 11:29thousand years
271. 11:30existing right now certain actual
272. 11:33pictures
273. 11:34so this is a femur bone now
274. 11:37prehistoric philippines especially when
275. 11:40we are talking about human fossil hindi
276. 11:42and human fossil and more likely hindi
277. 11:44should happen under history although
278. 11:46it's still part of history better it's
279. 11:48more on
280. 11:49towards biology or paleontology to be
281. 11:52accepted
282. 11:54now human forensics and archaeology
283. 11:57forensic archaeologists by the way
284. 11:59when they analyze the fossils cracks
285. 12:02so i hope not a new mouse
286. 12:06now looking into the cracks and inside
287. 12:09the cracks
288. 12:10probably script yana they want to get
289. 12:13the bone marrow
290. 12:14so my assumptions that no cause of death
291. 12:18known right
292. 12:18would not be because it was hunt
293. 12:22it is used for eating in chando they
294. 12:24were assuming looking into the cracks
295. 12:26independent of india govern any animals
296. 12:30because they may force naginava in order
297. 12:31to create those scrap
298. 12:33and and extract the bone marrow so
299. 12:36too much force hindishaka and any animal
300. 12:39map
301. 12:39saber tiger for instance i do not know
302. 12:42however
303. 12:43on one speculation and it's a very high
304. 12:47speculation hypothesis rather is that um
305. 12:51cosmo crap would not be because of tools
306. 12:54and the only creature in the game
307. 12:56non-tools would not be the human
308. 12:58creature
309. 12:59so when we covered it
310. 13:02the cause of death of the rhino is
311. 13:04because of a human person
312. 13:06and look into the existence seven
313. 13:08hundred nine thousand years
314. 13:10so there's a possibility manga town
315. 13:12additional filipinos around seven
316. 13:14hundred
317. 13:15nine thousand years and if that is well
318. 13:18proven
319. 13:18automatically it could change now you
320. 13:20alternate it could now
321. 13:21change you know shanatan all about
322. 13:24philippine history
323. 13:25so hindi natalya migrants but during
324. 13:27those times
325. 13:33so that is relic now second would now be
326. 13:36in terms of testimonies
327. 13:40so in terms of testimonies so in
328. 13:42difference
329. 13:44when it comes to relics or remains
330. 13:45testimonies could be tangible or
331. 13:47intangible
332. 13:48why because these are oral or written
333. 13:50reports
334. 13:51so looking into relics or remains
335. 13:55one possible or accurate message
336. 13:58unlike with testimonies testimony is my
337. 14:00message
338. 14:03would not be speeches of iconic figures
339. 14:08or even diaries from your parents yeah
340. 14:11could be considered to be testimonies
341. 14:13then we have cordelia chance
342. 14:20so the elders basically memorize
343. 14:23all the cordelia epic chances
344. 14:27so for instance we have the hood so this
345. 14:29is an ifo gauchan
346. 14:31so ali guyon is an ifugao warrior so
347. 14:37so unimage testimony
348. 14:40now there's another type of
349. 14:42classification called purpose
350. 14:44of sources so basically there are two
351. 14:47purposes of sources we have
352. 14:48intentional then unintentional
353. 14:52so looking into the terms major
354. 14:54similarity channel
355. 14:55major obvious actually so when we talk
356. 14:58about intentional sources so intended
357. 15:00shuttle document history
358. 15:03so intended to document history while
359. 15:05unintentional basically huala silang
360. 15:08well as an intention nila that they will
361. 15:10be documenting history or
362. 15:12the lives of another person however
363. 15:14latently
364. 15:15my message done that would now tell us
365. 15:17about the event during those time
366. 15:20now to further understand those these
367. 15:23two
368. 15:23may provide some examples so intentional
369. 15:26for for instance we have the film of
370. 15:28president john f kennedy's assassination
371. 15:30so in film you know
372. 15:35he is intended his my intention
373. 15:42so that is intentional or we have
374. 15:44biographies
375. 15:46novels nothing or diaries so see one
376. 15:49point
377. 15:50so the immortal guy so more likely
378. 15:53intentional
379. 15:54document experience history
380. 15:58while on the other hand when we talk
381. 16:00about unintentional for instance we have
382. 16:02memories
383. 16:02memos of japanese soldiers in iwo jima
384. 16:05and exactly
385. 16:06a new of japanese soldiers or letters
386. 16:11from iwo jima sorry this should be
387. 16:13letters from iwo jima
388. 16:14so um letters actually serves
389. 16:18like a communication so they want to
390. 16:20communicate their family in mainland
391. 16:22japan however history
392. 16:26when they covered it up experiences
393. 16:32so original intentional memories of
394. 16:34japanese soldiers in iwo jima is
395. 16:36basically for communication and not for
396. 16:38history
397. 16:39and similar to the second example
398. 16:41screenshots of an fb conversation
399. 16:43so a main intentional man is for the
400. 16:46sake of communication
401. 16:48however those screenshots would now
402. 16:50become history in the sense
403. 17:03okay so basically number two it's more
404. 17:04likely communication private now becomes
405. 17:06a historical piece or source
406. 17:09now moving forward we have typology so
407. 17:11this is another classification so major
408. 17:13matami terminologists know
409. 17:15so we have written and written then
410. 17:18technological innovation
411. 17:21so underwritten right away
412. 17:25so written classification
413. 17:29the technological innovation around five
414. 17:32so when we talk about treating
415. 17:37then already to present the first two we
416. 17:40have narrative
417. 17:41and we have diplomatic sources now key
418. 17:44terms so when we talk about narrative or
419. 17:47literary
420. 17:49innovative form obviously however they
421. 17:51want to
422. 17:52deliver a certain message now those
423. 17:55certain message is in the form of ego
424. 17:57documents
425. 17:58so nanjang document
426. 18:01so you're documenting about certain
427. 18:03about an individual for instance
428. 18:07now remember the note remember that
429. 18:11so for instance scientific tracks use
430. 18:14articles
431. 18:14diaries novels or film then your
432. 18:17biography
433. 18:19biography novel my perception of author
434. 18:22or a certain person so your new
435. 18:25narrative no
436. 18:26okay now second so going back
437. 18:30narrative narrative from its term
438. 18:33navigator then the second would not be
439. 18:35in terms of diplomatic sources
440. 18:37when we talk about diplomatic sources
441. 18:39key term style
442. 18:41diplomatic sources are considered to be
443. 18:43the legitimate sources
444. 18:45so they are legit they're authoritative
445. 18:48they're they are authentic or in
446. 18:50historians
447. 18:51they stated it the diplomatic sources
448. 18:53are the best sources
449. 18:57difference between narrative and
450. 18:58diplomatic narrative
451. 19:00everybody could just navigate a story
452. 19:03but that is a diplomatic sources
453. 19:05diplomatic my authentication yen
454. 19:07it's a legal document so my
455. 19:09authentication
456. 19:10my signature my stump my seal and that
457. 19:13is a diplomatic source
458. 19:16let's look into the parts of a
459. 19:17diplomatic source
460. 19:19so more likely imagine a legal paper or
461. 19:22a formal paper metal partition
462. 19:24protocol is basically the introduction
463. 19:27when we go to the content
464. 19:29body at your closing that is now the
465. 19:32essential part of your diplomatic source
466. 19:37authenticating formulas an example of
467. 19:39your authenticating formulas would not
468. 19:41be a
469. 19:42signature would be a signature probably
470. 19:44coming from an authoritative
471. 19:46position president or a lawyer
472. 19:49that was aside from signature myself my
473. 19:52stump
474. 19:53what else basically gonna know
475. 19:56mathematicity
476. 19:57so union diplomatic source
477. 20:01now the third type of written source
478. 20:04will now be social documents so social
479. 20:06documents gowash and institutions
480. 20:08so for instance would not be government
481. 20:10institutions churches and schools
482. 20:15diplomatic sources now social documents
483. 20:18don't have
484. 20:18authentication
485. 20:33now so again difference between
486. 20:35diplomatic source
487. 20:37and social documents social documents
488. 20:39when authentication
489. 20:40while diplomatic source my
490. 20:42authentication
491. 20:44now the second source typology will now
492. 20:48be unwritten source says our documents
493. 20:53so major similar shadows
494. 20:58versus testimonies okay archaeological
495. 21:01evidence
496. 21:02very similar sha actually when it comes
497. 21:05to relic and remains
498. 21:07so only tinker discovered
499. 21:18those are considered to be
500. 21:19archaeological evidences well all the
501. 21:21evidence is standard
502. 21:22in very similar testimonies so interview
503. 21:26patcha
504. 21:26or for instance speech or young chad
505. 21:28snapped in
506. 21:30so quite similar subtypes actually so
507. 21:34relics and remains
508. 21:36then third among the source typology
509. 21:39would now be
510. 21:41it will now be technological innovation
511. 21:44so when we talk about technological
512. 21:45innovation so
513. 21:46gamma nanak new modern technologies from
514. 21:49your photography and film
515. 21:51sound recordings radio television
516. 21:54computer
517. 21:55and presently your internet so these are
518. 21:57now source when it comes to
519. 21:59history and lastly we have evaluating
520. 22:03sources
521. 22:04so this is now one of the main parts of
522. 22:06readings in philippine history because
523. 22:08we are attempting to
524. 22:09analyze and critique and in the same
525. 22:12time
526. 22:12interpret historical sources so there
527. 22:15are two types
528. 22:16external and internal criticism
529. 22:24so our task in readings in philippine
530. 22:26history
531. 22:27is to critique analyze yuma sources now
532. 22:30then
533. 22:30so we have external criticism or we have
534. 22:33this term called context analysis this
535. 22:35is a common term
536. 22:36context analysis then we have internal
537. 22:39criticism
538. 22:40wherein it is also called as content
539. 22:42analysis
540. 22:44now when we talk about external
541. 22:46criticism guys
542. 22:47you question nothing is it authentic
543. 22:50genuine or is it legit
544. 22:52no may not discover
545. 23:36[Music]
546. 23:42you will now go to the next which is now
547. 23:44internal criticism or content analysis
548. 23:47now for instance when it comes to when
549. 23:49it comes to
550. 23:50gold inscription
551. 23:55or when it comes to letter simply when
552. 23:57it comes to letter for instance
553. 24:00what does it say what does it mean what
554. 24:02does it
555. 24:22let's now go to the second criticism
556. 24:24which is now internal or content
557. 24:30analysis
558. 24:32i hope medina gets nothing new external
559. 24:34and internal with the season
560. 24:36page hindi nuggets we have the modules
561. 24:38so please read on them but i hope
562. 24:42so thank you uh once again then
563. 24:46god bless then always take care always
564. 24:48take care